®fy  B.3I.  Hiii  ICihrarg 

Nortti  (Earnima  §>tatr 
(Enllrgr 


This  book  was  presented  by 

B.    W.    Wells 


THIS  BOOK  MUST  NOT  BE  TAKEN 
FROM  THE  LIBRARY  BUILDING. 


COMPENDIUM 
FLOJLE  PHILADELPHIA: 

CONTAINING  A  DESCRIPTION 

OF    THE 

I 

INDIGENOUS  AND  NATURALIZED  PLANTS 


POUND 
WITHIN  A  CIRCUIT  OF  TEN  MILES  AROUND 


PHILADELPHIA. 


BY 
WILLIAM  P.  C.  BARTON,  If.  D. 

surgeon  nr  the  r.  states'  navy,  and  of  the  naval  hospital 

AT    PHILADELPHIA;    AND    PROFESSOR.    OF    BOTANY   IN  THE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


IX  TWO  VOLUMES. 

VOL.  II. 

PHILADELPHIA : 

PUBLISHED  BY  M.  CAREY  AXD  SOX. 

NO.   126,  CHESNUT  STREET. 
J.  R,  A.  Skerrett,  Printer. 

1818. 


Eastern  District  cf  Pennsylvania,  to  toit : 

BE  IT  REMEMBERED,  That  on  the  ninth  day  of  July,  in 
the  forty -third  year  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States 
of  America,  A.  D.  1818,  William  P.  C.  Barton,  M.  1).  of  the 
said  District,  hath  deposited  in  this  office  the  title  of  a  Book, 
the  right  whereof  he  claims  as  author,  in  the  words  following, 
to  wit: 

"Compendium  Flora:  Philadelphicae  :  Containing  a  description  of 
the  Indigenous  and  Naturalized  Plants  found -within  a  circuit  of 
ten  miles  around  Philadelphia.  By  William  P.  C.  Barton,  M.D. 
Surgeon  in  the  U.  States'  Navy,  and  of  the  Naval  Hospital  at 
Philadelphia;  and  Professor  of  Botany  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  treo  volumes." 

In  conformity  to  the  act  of  the  congress  of  the  United 
States,  entitled  "  An  Act  for  the  encouragement  of  learning, 
by  securing  the  copies  of  maps,  charts,  and  books,  to  the  au- 
thors and  proprietors  of  such  copies,  during  the  times  therein 
mentioned ;"  and  also  to  the  act  entitled, "  An  Act  supplemen- 
tary to  an  act  entitled,  '  An  Act  for  the  encouragement  of  learn- 
ing, by  securing  the  copies  of  maps,  charts,  and  books  to  the 
authors  and  proprietors  of  such  copies,  during  the  times  there- 
in mentioned,'  and  extending  the  benefits  thereof  to  the  arts 
of  designing,  engraving  and  etching  historical  and  other 
prints." 

D.  CALDWELL, 
Clerk  of  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. 


Blo!o~y  £ 


POLYANDRIA. 


TILIA. 

HELIANTHEMUM. 

PORTULACA. 

CHELIDONIUM. 

SANGUINARIA. 

PODOPHYLLUM. 

ACTJEA. 

SARRACENIA. 

NUPHAR. 

NYMPH^EA. 

AQUILEGIA. 

C1MICIFUGA. 

ASCYRUM. 


HYPERICUM. 
ELODEA. 
MAGNOLIA. 
L1RIODENDRON. 
PORCELIA. 
CLEMATIS. 
ANEMONE. 
THALICTRUM. 
HYDRASTIS. 
CALTHA. 
HEPATICA. 
RANUNCULUS. 
BRASENIA. 
CYAMUS. 


VOL.  II. 


(>    KM   ;♦»    (^>    r-     9, 


C    6    ] 

CLASS  XII.— POLY  ANDRIA: 
ORDER  I.  MONOGYNIA. 

237.  T1LTA.  Gen.  pi.  894.  (Tiliacex.) 

Calix  inferior,  5-parted,  deciduous.  Petals 
5.  Immature  capsule  5-celled,  5-valved, 
cells  1  or  2-seeded ;  mature  capsule  cori- 
aceous, globose,  1 -seeded,  bursting  at  the 
base. — JSTntt. 

glabra.  l.  T.leaves  suborbiculate,  cordate,  abruptly  acumi- 
nate, narrow!};  serrate,  subcoriaceous,  smooth; 
petals  truncate  at  the  end,  crenate,  the  style 
nearly  equal  to  the  petals \  nut  ovate,  subcos- 
tate. —  Ventenat. 

T.  Americana,  Willd. 

T.  Caroliniana,  Wangh.  Amer.  56.  (Pursh.) 

T.  Canadensis,  Mich. 

Icon.  Mich.  Arbr.  forest,  vol.  3.  p.  311.  t.  1. 

Lime-tree.  Linden-tree.  Bass-wood.  Spoon-wood. 

A  well-known  tree  under  the  above  appellations.  Frequent 
on  the  country  seats  of  this  neighbourhood,  and  planted  occa- 
sionally in  the  streets  of  this  city.   \  .  May,  June. 

238.  HELTANTHEMUM.  Juss.  Gen.  pi. 326.  (Cisti.) 

Segments  of  the  calix  mostly  unequal,  the  % 
exterior  smaller.  Petals  5.  Capsule,  su- 
perior, 1 -celled,  3-valved,  valves  septife- 
rous  in  the  centre.— -Nutt. 

canadense.  1.  H.  without  stipules,  erect;  leaves  alternate, 
erect,  linear-lanceolate,  flat,  tomentose  beneath; 
racemes  terminal,  few-flowered ;  calicine  seg- 


POLYANDRIA,  MONOGYNIA.  7 

ments  broad,  ovate-acuminate;  capsules  shorter 
than  the  calix. — WilUL  and  Pursh. 
Cistus  Canadensis,  L. 

Rock-rose. 

From  ten  inches  to  a  foot  high.  Flowers  large,  yellow;  pe- 
tals spreading.  In  dry  woods,  Jersey,  every  where  common. 
Perennial.  June. 

2«  H.  without  stipules,  erect,  powdery -tomentose ;  ramuiiflo- 
leaves  alternate,  oblong,  acute,  rcvolute  on  the"1 
margin,  tomentose  beneath ;  racemes  very  short, 
above  sub-3-flovvered,  calicine  segments  orbi- 
culate-powdery,  capsules  globose,  the  length  of 
the  calix. — Mich,  and  Pursh. 

Mecandra  ramis  alternis,  Clayt.  fl.  Virg.  20. 

From  a  span  to  ten  inches  high.  An  ordinary  looking  plant, 
with  very  small  flowers,  also  yellow.  In  sandy  commons  and 
fields  of  Jersey,  about  five  or  eight  miles  below  the  city,  fre- 
quent. In  a  sandy,  grassy  lawn,  Jersey,  about  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  south-east  of  the  ferry,  opposite  Gloucester  point ;  very 
abundant.  Perennial.  July. 

3.  H.  without  stipules,  erect,  branched,  finely  pu-  comnbosum. 
bescent;  leaves  alternate,  lanceolate,  hoary-to- 
mentose  beneath ;  corymbs  fastigiate,  crowded, 
many-flowered;  calicine  segments  ovate-acute; 
capsules  scarcely  longer  than  the  calix. — Mich. 

Resembles  No.  2,  exceedingly.  Flowers  sometimes  apetal- 
ous,  in  which  state  it  resembles  Lechea  major.  Grows  with 
No.  2.  Perennial.  June  to  August. 

239.  PORTULACA.  Gen.  pi.  824.  (Portulacea.) 

Calix  inferior,  bifid.  Petals  5.  Capsule  1- 
celled,  opening  circularly.  Recejrtacle  un- 
connected, 5-lobed. — JWtt. 


1.  V.  leaves  cuneiform,  flowers  sessile. — JVilld.      oieracea. 
Icon.  Schkuhr.  handb.  130.  (Pursh.) 


8  POLYANDRIA,  MONOGYNIA. 

Purslane. 

A  well-known  pot-herb,  common  in  gardens  and  wastes. 
July. 

240.  CHELTDONIUM.  Gei^  pi.  880.  (Papaverace(e.) 

Calix  &-leaved,  deciduous.  Petals  4.  Stig- 
ma small  and  bifid,  sessile.  Silique  su- 
perior, &-valved,  1 -celled,  linear.  Dissejri- 
ment  none.  Seeds  many,  crested. — JSTutt, 

inajus.         1.  C.  leaves  alternate,  pinnate,  lobate;  umbels  ax- 
illary, pedunculated. — Willd. 

Icon.  FI.  Dan.  542.  Engl.  Bot.  1581. 

Celandine. 

As  well-known  as  the  preceding",  and  equally  common 
among1  rubbish ;  and,  along-  the  banks  of  the  Wissahickon  and 
Schuylkill,  appearing"  to  grow  wild.  It  is  however  introduced, 
though  completely  naturalized.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to 
mention  the  reputed  power  of  the  juice  of  this  plant,  which  is 
so  universally  believed  to  cure  warts.  It  is,  for  this  purpose 
inefficacious.  Perennial,  May. 

241.  SANGUINARIA.  Gen.  pi.  878.  {Papaveracece'.) 

Calix  S-leaved,  deciduous.  Petals  8.  Stig- 
ma sessile,  ^-grooved.  Capsule  superior, 
oblong,  1 -celled,  S-valved,  apex  attenu- 
ated. Receptacles  £,  filiform,  marginal. 
— -Nutt. 

canadensis,    i.    S.  leaves   subreniform,   sinuate-lobate,   scape 
one-flowered. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  162.  Bart.  Veg.  Mat.  Med. 
U.  S.  vol.  1.  t.  2. 

Blood-root.   Puccoon.  Indian  Paint.  Turmeric,  fyc. 

This  elegant  plant  is  admirable  for  its  delicacy,  and  inter- 
esting from  the  circumstance  of  its  very  early  inflorescence. 


POLYANDRIA,  MONOGYNIA. 

The  root  is  powerfully  medicinal.  (See  Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S.) 
On  the  edges  of  rich  woods,  every  where  common  west  of  the 
Delaware.     Perennial.  April,  May. 

242.  PODOPHYLLUM.  Gen.  pi.  879.    (Ranunculacex.) 

Calix  3-leaved.  Petals  9.  Stigma  crenate, 
sessile.  Capsule  superior,  1 -celled,  many- 
seeded,  becoming  an  ovate  berry.  Recep- 
tacle unilateral,  large  and  pulpy. — Nutt. 

1.  P.  stem  one-flowered  ;   leaves  peltate,  palmate,  pcitatum. 
lobes  cuneate,  incised. 

Icon.  Catesb.  Car.  1.  t.  24. 

May  Apple.    Mandrake.    Wild  Lemon. 

A  very  important  medicinal  plant,  extensively  diffused 
throughout  the  U.  States.  Fruit  yellow,  esculent  and  palata- 
ble ;  leaves  deleterious.  About  a  foot  or  fourteen  inches  high ; 
stem  supporting  a  single  white  spreading  flower,  and  two 
large  leaves.  The  leaves  are  frequently  maculated  with 
brown  discolourations.  The  root  properly  prepared,  is  equal 
to  jalap.  (See  Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S  )  In  moist  shady  situa- 
tions, growing  in  great  quantities  together,  every  where  com- 
mon, west  of  the  Delaware.     Perennial.  May. 

.243.  ACTJEA.  Gen.  pi.  877.  (Rosacea:.) 

Calix  4-leaved,  diciduous.  Petals  4,  often 
wanting.  Style  none  ;  stigma  capitate. 
Berry  superior,  1-celled,  many-seeded. 
Seeds  semi-orbicular.  Receptacle  unila- 
teral.— J\*utt. 

1.  A.  leaves  decompound  ;  folioles  oblong,  gradu-  Americana. 

ally   acute,  cut-serrate ;    raceme  ovate,  petals 

shorter  than  the  stamens. — Pursh. 
A.  spicata,  Mich. 
A.  rubra,  Willd.  enum. 

Herb  Christopher.    Cohosh. 

About  two  feet  high.  On  the  high  banks  of  the  Wissahick- 
on,  not  far  from  Germantown.  Rare.  Perennial,  April,  May. 

2# 


10  POLYANDRIA,  MOXOGYNIA. 

244.  SARRACENIA.  Gen.  pi.  885.  ( Plant*  incerU  sedis.) 

Calix  double,  exterior  smaller  3 -leaved,  in- 
terior 5 -leaved,  both  persistent.  Petals  5, 
deciduous,  erect,  spreading  from  about  the 
middle.  Stigma  very  large  and  persist- 
ent, clypeate,  covering  the  stamina,  mar- 
gin pentangular.  Capsule  5 -celled,  5-valv- 
ed,  many-seeded,  valves  septiferous  in  the 
centre. — JVutt. 

purpurea.  1.  S.  leaves  short,  with  an  inflated  gibbous  tube, 
the  mouth  constricted,  ventral-wing  broad-arch- 
ed, appendix  erect,  subreniforin,  cordate,  muti- 
cate,  sessile. — Mich,  and  Willd. 

Icon.  Barton's   Elements   of  Botany.    Bot. 
Mag.  849.  Catesby.  Car.  2.  t.  70. 

Side-saddle  Flower, 

A  very  curious  and  elegant  plant.  Leaves  hollow,  and  ven- 
tricose,  generally  half  filled  with  water  and  dead  insects. 
Flowers  reddish  purple.  The  old  leaves  often  purple,  and 
conspicuously  veined  with  the  same  colour.  In  the  low  bogs 
and  sphagnous  marshes  of  Jersey,  ten  miles  south-east  of  Phi- 
ladelphia. In  the  bogs  of  the  woodlands  ;  very  rare.  Peren- 
nial. June,  July. 

245.  NUPHAR.  Smith,  prodr.  fl.  grsc.  1.  p.  361. 
(Hydrocharides.) 

Calix  5  or  6-leaved.  Petals  many,  minute, 
inserted  with  the  stamina  upon  the  recep- 
tacle, externally  nectariferous.  Stigma 
orbicular,  radiated,  sessile.  Capsule  car- 
nose,  many-celled,  many- seeded,  superior. 
— Nutt. 

advcna.  1.  N.  leaves  erect,  cordate,  very  entire  ;  lobes  di- 
varicate, calix  6-leaved,  stigma  slightly  umbi- 
licate,  lS-radiate,  pericarp  furrowed. — ML  ICew. 
2d.  ed. 


POLYANDRIA,  MONOGYNIA.  11 

Nymphsea  ad vena,  Willd. 
N.  aritblia,  Salisbury. 
Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  684.  Willd.  hort.  berol.  38. 

Splatter-dock. 

From  two  to  three  feet  high,  with  very  large  leaves.  In 
great  profusion  on  the  marshy  shores  of  the  Delaware,  Schuyl- 
kill, and  all  other  waters  in  our  neighbourhood,  covering  the 
shores  for  miles  together  in  extent.  Also  in  ditches,  very 
common.  Flowers  yellow,  globular.    Perennial.  July,  August. 

2.  N.  leaves   cordate,  lobes  approximating,  calix  Kaimiana. 

5-leaved,    stigma     incised,     S-12-rayeu. — Jit. 

Kew.  ed.  2d. 
Nymphaea  Kaimiana,  Bot.  Mag. 
N.  lutea,  0  Kaimiana,  Mich. 
N.  microjjhylla,  Pers. 
N.  lutea,  Walt. 
N.  minima,  Mulil.,  but  not  N.  lutea,  var.  minima, 

Willd. 

Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  1243. 

Small  water  Lily. 

Leaves  floating,  one -third  as  large  as  the  preceding;  flow--,' 
crs  yellow,  also  floating;  about  half  an  inch  in  diameter.  In  a 
pool  on  the  east  shore  of  the  Schuylkill,  about  a  mile  south  of 
the  falls ;  very  rare.  I  have  not  found  it  in  any  other  locality. 
Perennial.    July,  August. 

246.  NYMPHiEA.  Gen.  pi.  886.  (ffydroc/uirides.) 

Calix  4  or  5-leaved.  Petals  many,  inserted 
upon  the  germ  beneath  the  stamina.  Stig- 
ma orbicular,  radiated,  sessile,  nectarife- 
rous in  the  centre.  Capsule  carnose,  many- 
celled,  many-seeded,  superior. — JYutt. 

1.  N.  leaves  orbiculate-cordate,  very  entire,  sub-odoiata 
emarginate,   the  lobes  divaricate,  with  a  blunt 
point ;  calix  4-leaved. — Jilt,  and  Willd. 


12 


POLYANDRIA,  DI-PENTAGYNIA. 

N.  alba,  Mich,  and  Walt. 
Castalia  pudica,  Salisbury. 
Jeon.  Bot.  Mag.  819.  Bot.  Repos.  297? 

Fragrant  water  Lily, 

A  very  beautiful  aquatic  plant,  with  white  flowers,  which 
exhale  a  delicious  fragrance.  Leaves  and  flowers  floating1  on 
the  surface  of  the  water.  In  a  ditch  on  the  road  to  Gloucester 
point,  and  in  ditches  in  Jersey ;  rare.     Perennial.     July. 


ORDER  II.  DI-PENTAGYNIA.  (2  to  5  styles.) 

247.  AQU1LEGIA.  Gen.  pi.  934.  (Ranuncvlacex.) 

Calix  none.  Petals  5.  Lepanthia  5,  corni- 
culate,  situated  between  the  petals.  Cap- 
sules 5,  distinct. — Natt. 

canadensis.    1.  A.  horns  straight,  stamens  exserted.— Willd. 
Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  246.  ^ 

American  Columbine. 


This  is  one  of  the  most  elegant  plants  of  America,  far  ex- 
ceeding" in  beauty  the  common  foreign  columbine,  so  gene- 
rally cultivated  in  gardens.  From  one  to  two  feet  high.  Flow- 
ers scarlet  and  crimson,  mixed  with  yellow.  On  the  hjtfi  rocks 
of  the  Schuylkill  and  Wissahickon,  every  where  Amun  ; 
grows  frequently  in  crevices,  where  the  roots  seem  tWiave  no 
earth  for  their  nourishment.     Perennial.     April,  May.  . 


|     raceraosa. 


248.  CIMICIFUGA.  Gen.  pi.  193.  (Ranunculace*.) 

Calix  4  or  5-leaved.  Petals  4  to  8  deformed, 
thickish,  sometimes  wanting.  Capsules  1 
to  5,  oblong,  many-seeded.  Seeds  squa- 
mose. — Nutt. 

1.  C.  leaves  decompound,  folioles  ovate-oblong, 
incised,  dentate  5  teeth  mucronate,  divaricate  5 


POLYANDRIA,  DI-PENTAG YNI A.  1 3 

racemes  virgatcly  paniculate,  elongated  ;  flow- 
era  sub-monogynous,  capsules  ovate. — Pursh, 

Cimicifuga  serpentaria,  Pursh. 

AcUea  raccmosa,  Willd. 

A.  monogyna,  Walt. 

Icon.  Pluk.  almath,  t.  383.  f.  3. 

Black  Snake-root.     Rich-weed,  <§'c. 

A  very  fine  looking-  plant,  from  three  to  five  feet  high, 
bearing  a  profusion  of  white  flowers,  on  numerous  long  spikes 
or  racemes.  The  root  is  medicinal.  In  rich  woods,  very  com- 
mon.    Perennial.     July. 

249.  ASCYRUM.  Gen.  pi.   1225.  {Hyperica.) 

Calix  4-lcaved ;  the  2  interior  cordate  and 
larger.  Petals  4.  Filaments  disposed  in  4 
parcels.  Capsule  oblong,  1 -celled,  S-valy- 
ed,  included  in  the  calix.  (Styles  %  or  3.) 
— J\Tutt. 

1.  A.  many-stemmed,  diffuse;  leaves  lanceolate- muticaule- 
oblong,  obtuse;  corymb  terminal,  flowers  sub- 
sessile,  digynous;  stem  subterete. — JFUUl. 

A.  multicaule,  Mich. 

A.  Crux  Andrea,  Pursh. 

Many-stemmed  St,  Peter9  s-wort. 

Under  twelve  inches  high;  stems  very  numerous ;  flowers 
pale-yellow,  with  narrow  petals.  In  the  woods  of  Jersey,  very 
requent;  also  on  the  woody  banks  of  the  Wissahickon.     Pe- 
[nnial.     July. 

A.  erect,  branched;  branches  ancipital,  leaves  hypemcMo 
oblong,  biglandulous  at  base;  flowers  terminal, 
solitary,  shortly  pedicellate,  trigynous. —  Willd, 
and  Pursh, 
A.  stans,  Mich. 

About  twelve  or  fourteen  inches  high;  flowers  large.  The 
whole  plant  has  the  aspect  of  Hypericum.  In  the  woods  of 
Jersey  with  Xo.  1,  frequent,      \  •     July,  August. 


POLYANDRIA,  DI-PENTAGYN1A. 

250.  HYPERICUM.  Gen.  pi.  1224.  {Hyperica.) 

Calix  5-parted,  segments  equal.  Petals  5. 
Stamina  numerous,  scarcely  united  at  the 
base.  Capsule  roundish ;  cells  equal  with 
the  number  of  styles;  1,  2,  3,  and  5. — 
Nutt. 

1.  II.  erect,  branched;  stem  ancipital,  leaves  ob- 
long, obtuse,  transparently  dotted  ;  panicle  ter- 
minal, brachiate-leafy ;  petals  longer  than  the 
acute-lanceolate  calix. — Willd.  and  Purslu 

H.  Virginicum,  Walt. 

Icon!  Fl.  Dan.  1043.  Eng.Bot.  295.  Curt.  Fl. 

Lond. 


Common  St.  John's-wort. 

About  a  foot  or  eighteen  inches  high ;  flowers  as  in  all  the 
following  species,  yellow.  This  plant  has  become  a  most  pes- 
tiferous weed,  every  where  throughout  the  Union.  It  is  ac- 
cused of  injuring  horses.  Introduced  originally  from  Europe. 
In  fields,  and  by  road  and  fence  sides,  every  where  unfortu- 
nately, abundant.     Perennial.     From  June  till  August. 

2.  H.  erect,  very  smooth ;  leaves  oblong ;  pani- 
cle naked,  dichotomous;  all  the  forks  one-flow- 
ered; styles  coalescing,  capsule  globose. — Mich. 

H.  sphserocarpuin,  Mich.  ? 

About  ten  or  twelve  inches  high.  Flowers  pale-yellow, 
small.  This  plant  may  not  be  the  H.  sphserocarpum  of  Mich., 
but  it  comes  very  near  it;  and  for  the  present  I  have  thought^ 
with  Mr.  Nuttall,  that  it  had  best  be  referred  to  that  species. 
On  the  borders  of  a  ditch,  surrounding  a  meadow  on  the  east 
side  of  the  road  to  Woodbury,  near  the  "  canseivay"  abun- 
dant. I  have  found  it  no  where  else.  It  has  also  been  found  in 
Jersey,  by  Mr.  Collins.     Perennial.     June,  July. 


3.  H.  erect;  stem  four-angled,  leaves  oblong, 
acute,  narrowly  sessile;  panicle  terminal,  di- 
chotomous; branches  divaricate,  with  the  flow- 
ers  arranged   on   them    distantly    alternate; 


POLYANDRIA,  DI-PENTAGYNIA.  15 

calices    subcampanulate,   segments   lanceolate, 
acute,  carinated   below   almost  as  long  as  the 
corolla;  petals  with  one  lateral  tooth. — Willd. 
and  Pursh. 
H.  denticulatum,  Walt. 

Stem  erect,  simple ;  from  a  span  to  twelve  inches  high, 
four  sided.  Leaves  from  a  quarter  to  a  half-inch  long-,  and  lit- 
tle better  than  an  eighth  of  an  inch  broad ;  oblong-acute  and 
very  closely  sessile  or  semi-amplexicaule.  Flowers  the  size  of 
those  of  No.  1,  and  of  a  fine  fulvous  or  copper-colour.  Up  the 
Delaware,  eight  miles  from  Philadelphia,  rare  ;  Mr.  Collins. 
Perennial.     June,  July. 

4.  H.  stem  erect,  ancipital  immediately  below  each  aiipressum. 
pair  of  leaves,  roundish  towards  the  root.  Leaves 
opposite,  closely  sessile;  lanceolate-obtuse,  fine- 
ly punctated  with  pellucid  dots ;  leaves  of  the 
brandies  numerous,  crowded,  sub-linear,  ob- 
tuse. Cymes  crowded  with  small  acute  leaves; 
flowers  terminal  and  axillary,  monogynous,  pe- 
tals obtuse,  entire.   Capsules  sub-conoid.  B. 

Hypericum,  No.  6.  Bart.  Prod.  Fl.  Phil.  p.  74. 

A  very  elegant  species,  from  one  foot  to  two  and  an  half 
feet  high.  The  branches  are  divaricating,  slender,  appresssed 
and  frequently  inflexed  or  curved  downward,  and  crowded 
with  numerous  leaves  much  narrower  than  the  stem  leaves, 
less  obtuse,  and  even  inclining  to  acute.  From  the  axills  of  the 
stem  leaves  proceeds  a  cluster  of  five  or  six  sub-linear  obtuse 
leaves,  which  appear  to  arise  from  abortive  branches.  The 
flowers  are  yellow,  about  the  size  of  those  of  No.  7.  I  disco- 
vered this  new  species,  about  four  years  since,  in  a  rich,  wet, 
or  swampy  meadow  on  the  lower  edge  of  Landsdown  grounds, 
.close  to  the  Schuylkill,  and  not  far  above  Breck's  island.  It 
grows  there  in  profusion,  but  I  have  not  found  it  elsewhere. 
It  stands  in  my  Prodromus,  (No.  6.)  without  a  name,  not  being 
certain  at  the  time  I  published  that  work,  that  it  was  unde- 
scribed,  although  I  could  not  find  it  to  fit  any  of  the  described 
species.  Mr.  Collins  has  also  found  this  plant  in  this  neigh- 
bourhood.    Perennial.     July. 

5.  H.  erect,  small,  small-flowered;  stem  four-an-  canadensc. 
gled,  dichotomous  above;  leaves  sessile,  linear, 
attenuated  at  the  base:  the  primary  branches 


16  POLYANDRIA,  DI-PENTAGYNIA. 

of  the  panicle  opposite,  the  secondary  dichoto- 
mous;  capsules  long,  conoid,  coloured. — Willd, 

Slender  St.  John's-wort. 

A  very  delicate  species,  with  exceedingly  small  flowers; 
and  bright  red  capsules.  From  a  span  to  twelve  inches  high. 
In  bogs,  swamps,  and  low  wet  meadows;  every  were  extreme- 
ly common.    Annual.    June,  July. 

parviflorum.  6.  H.  erect,  very  much  branched,  glabrous;  stem 
sub-f'our-angled;  leaves  ovate-oblong,  subcor- 
date,  obtuse,  nerved,  sessile;  panicles  terminal, 
dichotomal-corymbose,  petals  shorter  than  the 
lanceolate  calix. —  Willd. 

H.  quinquenervium,  Walt.  Sp.  PI.  3.  p.  1456. 

H.  mutilum,  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3.  p.  1471. 

This  species  resembles  No.  4,  somewhat,  particularly  in  the 
size  of  the  flowers ;  but  may  easily  be  known  by  its  leaves, 
which  are  twice  or  thrice  as  broad  as  those  of  No.  4,  and  it 
never  has  red  capsules.  In  wet  grassy  places,  and  in  company 
with  No.  4;  also  very  common.  Perennial.  July  till  August. 

,  torymbosum,  7.  H.  erect,  glabrous,  dotted  with  black;  stem  te- 
rete, branched;  leaves  amplcxicaule,  oblong- 
oval,  obtuse,  corymbs  terminal,  bracheate 
thickly  flowered,  calicine  segments  lanceolate- 
acute. — Willd,  and  Fursh. 

H.  maculatum,  Walt. 

H.  punctatum,  Lamark. 

Black  spotted  St.  John's-wort. 

About  fourteen  inches  high;  resembles  No.  1,  exceedingly, 
but  may  be  easily  known  from  it  by  the  numerous  black  punc- 
tated leaves,  and  the  much  smaller  flowers.  In  shady  woods 
and  on  rocks,  common.  Perennial.  June,  July. 


251.  ELODEA.  Adanson.  (Hyperica.) 

Calix  5-parted,  equal.    Petals  5,  claws  nec- 
tariferous. Filaments  9  to  15,  growing  to- 


POLYANDRIA,  POLYGYNIA.  ir 

gether  in  3  parcels.  Glands  between  the 
parcels.  Styles  3,  divergent.  Capsule  part- 
ly 3-celled,  many-seeded. — Nutt. 

1.  E.  leaves  sessile,  amplexicaule,  cordate-oblong,  virgmica. 
very  obtuse ;  fascicles  pedunculated,  few-flower- 
ed, axillary  and  terminal ;  corollas  sub-campa- 
nulate,  stamens  9 — 12,  very  smooth,  enlarged  at 
their  base. — Pursh. 

Elodea  campanulata,  Pursh. 
Hypericum  campanulatum,  Walt. 
Hypericum  Virginicum,  L. 
Icon.  Bot.  Repos.  552. 

From  twelve  to  fourteen  inches  high-  Flowers  reddish  and 
yellow,  handsome  ;  leaves  and  the  whole  plant  sometimes  deep 
crimson-red.  In  bogs  and  swamps  of  Jersey,  common  ;  not  so 
frequent  west  of  the  Delaware.     Perennial.  July  to  August. 

2.  E.  leaves  petiolated,    oblong-oval,  rotund-ob-  petioiata. 
tuse;  flowers  opposite,  axillary,  subsessile,  sub- 
ternate;  stamens  connate  as  far  as  the  middle, 
capsules  oblong. — Pursh, 

Hypericum  petiolatum,  Walt. 
H.  axillare,  Mich. 

Also  a  handsome  species,  for  which  I  am  indebted  to  Mr. 
Collins,  not  having  met  with  it  myself.  Found  by  him  two 
years  ago,  on  the  margin  of  the  Schuylkill,  near  its  mouth. 
Perennial. 


ORDER  III.     POLYGYNIA. 

252.  MAGNOLIA.  Gen.  pi.  942.  (Magnolia.) 

Calix  3-leaved.  Petals  6  to  9.  Capsules 
2-valved,  1 -seeded,  imbricated  in  a  cone. 
Seeds  pendulous,  arillate. — Nutt. 

1.  M.  leaves  oval,  glaucous  beneath,  petals  obo-giauca. 
vate,  attenuated  at  base. — Willd. 

VOL.  II.  3 


18 


tulipifera. 


triloba. 


POLYANDRIA,  POLYGYNIA. 

Icon.  Mich.  Arbr.  forest,  vol.  3.  p.  77.    Bart. 
Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S.  vol.  1.  t.  7. 

Small  Magnolia.    Swamp  Sassafras.    Sweet  Baij. 
Swamp  Laurel.    Beaver-wood,  Sfc. 

An  elegant  and  favourite  little  tree,  bearing  fine  fragrant 
cream-coloured  flowers.  In  bogs  and  swamps,  woods  and 
thickets,  Jersey ;  common.  The  bark  is  medicinal.  (See  Veg. 
Mat.  Med.  U.  S.)   ^  .  May  to  July. 

253.  LIRIODENDRON.    Gen.  pi.  941.  (Magnolia.) 

Calix  3-leaved.  Petals  6.  Samarce  sublan- 
ceolate,  1  or  2-  seeded,  imbricated  in  a 
cone.-— Nutt. 

1.  L.  leaves  cut-truncate,  4-lobed,  calix  triphyl- 
lous. — Mich. 

Icon.  Mich.  Arbr.  forest,  vol.  3.  p.  202.  Bart. 
Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S.  vol.  1.  t.  8. 


Tulip-tree* 


American  Poplar. 
Poplar. 


White,  and  Yellow 


This  magnificent  and  stately  tree  is  well  known  to  most 
persons.  Its  foliage  is  curious,  its  flowers  elegant,  its  wood 
highly  useful,  and  its  bark  medicinal.  (See  Veg.  Mat.  Med. 
U.  S.)  On  the  borders  of  rich  woods,  and  in  fields ;  common. 
\ .  June,  July. 

254.  PORCELIA.   Persoon.    {Anonx.) 

Calix  3 -leaved.  Petals  6.  Stigmas  sessile, 
obtuse.  Berries  (1  or  more)  large,  cylin- 
dric  or  ovate,  many  seeded.  Seeds  aril- 
late,  attached  to  the  internal  suture. — 
JSTutt. 

1.  P.  leaves  smoothish,  oblong-cuneate-obovate; 

exterior  petals  orbicular,  fruit  large,  fleshy. — 

Pers. 
Porcelia  triloba,  Pers. 
Anona  triloba,  Willd. 
Orchidocarpum,  Arietinum,  Mich. 

Icon.  Mich.  Arbr.  forest,  vol.  3.  p.  161. 


POLYANDRIA,  FOLYGYNIA.  19 

Papaw.     Custard-apple. 

Papaw-tree  is  very  rare  in  this  vicinity,  and  here  its  fruit 
seldom  comes  to  maturity.  It  is  a  very  small  tree,  with  deep 
brown  unhandsome  flowers,  and  an  oblong  fleshy  esculent  fruit, 
about  three  inches  long,  and  one  and  a  half  in  diameter.  On 
the  AVissahickon;  and  on  the  road  to  the  falls  of  Schuylkill, 
west  side  of  the  river,  and  about  three  miles  south  of  the  falls ; 
scarce.   ^  .  April,  May. 

255.     CLEMATIS.  Gen.  pi.  960.  (Ranunculace<e.) 

Calix  none.  Petals  %  more  rarely  5.  Seeds 
compressed,  caudate,  cauda  mostly  plu- 
mose. 

1.  C  climbing ;  leaves  ternate,  folioles  ovate  sub-  virginiana.  w 
cordate,  cut-dentate,  andlobed;  corymbs  diclio- 
tomous,   few-flowered,  petals  longer   than  the 
stamens,  flowers  dioicous. — TVilld.  and  Pursh. 

Virgin's  Bower,     Traveller's  Joy. 

A  fine  climbing  plant,  supporting  itself  by  winding'  the  pe- 
tioles around  other  plants.  Flowers  white,  fragrant.  Seed 
furnished  with  a  long  silken  or  feather  cauda,  which  gives  a 
handsome  appearance  to  the  plant  in  fruit.  In  thickets, 
hedges  and  shrubberries,  near  water  ;  common.  \  •  June, 
July. 

256.  ANEMONE.  Gen.  pi.  948.  (Ranunculace*.) 

Calix  none.  Petals  5  to  9,  or  more.  Seeds 
many. 

1.    A.  flowers    umbellate,  involucrate  ;    radical  thaiictroidcs. 
leaves  biternate,  folioles  subcordate,  5-toothed; 
involucre  6-leaved,  folioles  petiolate,  umbel  few- 
flowered,  seeds  naked,  striate  ;  root  tuberous. — 
Willd.  and  Pursh. 
Thalictrum  anemonoides,  Mich. 

Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  866.  Annates,  du.  mus.  S.  t. 
21.  f.  2.  a.  6c  b.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  106.  f.  4.  Willd. 
hort.  berol.  44. 


£0 


POLYANDRIA,  POLYGYNIA. 


i   v 


Wild  Anemone. 

This  delicate  plant  is  universally  esteemed  for  its  beauty. 
Flowers  white,  with  a  tendency  to  duplication  in  the  petals, 
under  culture.  It  is  now  cultivated  in  gardens  and  in  flower- 
pots, in  this  double  state.  In  woods  or  rich  soil,  every  where 
very  common.     Perennial.    April,  May. 

itgiuiana.  o.  a.  stem  dichotomous,  leaves  thrice  ternate,  up- 
per ones  opposite ;  lolioles  cut-lobate,  serrate 
and  acute ;  pecuncles  solitary,  one-flowered, 
elongated ;  seeds  in  an  oblong  capitulum,  woolly, 
mucronate. — WiUd.  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Herm.  parad.  t.  18. 

Vi7'ginian  Anemone. 

From  fourteen  inches  to  two  feet  high.  Flowers  green- 
ish-white. In  open  woods,  hedges,  and  on  the  borders  of 
neglected  fields  ;  frequent.     Perennial.    May,  June. 


quinquefoiia.  3.  A.  stem  one-flowered,  stem  leaves  thrice  ter- 
nate, lateral  ones  deeply  bipartile ;  folioles  cu- 
neate,  cut-lobate,  dentate,  acute;  corolla  5 — 6 
petalled,  seeds  ovate,  pointed.  B. 

A.  nemorosa,  Mich. 

A.  nemorosa,  /3.  quinquefoiia,  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

A.  quinquefoiia,  Muhl. 

Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  106.  f.  3. 

Five-leaved  Anemone. 

A  very  delicate  and  handsome  species,  about  six  or  seven 
inches  high,  bearing  a  single  blossom-red  flower.  This  plant 
has  often  been  confounded  with  the  A.  nemorosa  of  Europe, 
but  it  is  certainly  specifically  distinct.  It  does  not  agree  either 
with  the  descriptions  or  figure  of  that  plant.  In  shady  woods 
and  copses,  forming  large  patches  together;  very  common. 
Perennial.     Early  in  May. 


257.  THALICTRUM.  Gen.pl.  951.  (Raminculacea:.) 

Calix  none.     Petals  4  or  5.     Stamina  very 
long.     Seeds  ecaudate,  striate,  terete. 


POLY ANDRIA,  POL\  G YNIA.  2t 

1.  T.  smooth;  leaves  supra-decompound,  folioles  dioicum« 
subrotuml,  cordate,  obtuse-lobate,  glaucous  be- 
neath, smooth  ;  panicles  axillary,  filiform,  shor- 
ter than  the  leaf;  flowers  small,  in  few-flowered 
umbels. — Tfllld.  and  Pursh. 

T.  lsevigatum,  Mich. 

Dioicous  Meadow-rue. 

The  smallest  species  of  the  genus  growing  about  this  neigh- 
bourhood. Flowers  twelve  to  fourteen  inches  high.  On  the 
rocJ-:s  on  the  Wissahickon,  and  on  those  in  the  woods  above 
the  falls  of  Schuylkill,  west  side.  Rare.  Perennial.  April,  May. 

2.  T.  stem  striate,  leaves  supra-decompound,  fo-  rugosuiu.  ^ 
lioles  ovate,  lanceolate  and  rugose,  veined,  ob- 
tuse-lobate,  panicles   large,  terminal. — TTilld. 

and  Pursh. 

Rough-leaved  Meadow-rue. 

A  very  tall  species,  frequently  attaining  a  height  of  five  or 
even  six  feet.  Flowers  white.  In  watery  thickets,  and  the 
magins  of  shrubbery,  borders  swamps  and  rivulets,  not  un- 
common.    Perennial.  June,  August. 

3.  T.  delicately  tomentose-pubescent;  leaves  su-  pubescent 
pra-decompound ;  folioles  ovate,  subcordate  and 
cuneate,  3-lobed  at  the  apex,  subrugose  above, 
sub-tomentose  beneath,  panicles  terminal,  pedi- 
cels sub-umbellate-divaricate;  flowers  polyga- 
mous.— Pursh.  p 

T.  pubescens,  Pursh. 
T.  polygamum,  Muhl. 

Polygamous  Meadow-rue. 

Also  a  very  tall  species,  very  much  resembling  No.  2,  and 
found  growing  in  similar  places,  as  well  as  in  low  wet  mea- 
dows. More  common  than  No.  2.  Flowers  also  white.- 

4.  T.  stem  twice  as  tall  as  the  leaves ;  leaves  com-  purpura* 
pound;  folioles  subrotund,  trifid,  incised;  pani-" 


22  POLYANDRIA,  POLYGYNIA. 

cles  somewhat  naked,  flowers  drooping,  sta- 
mens coloured. — Willd,  and  Pursh. 

Purple  Meadow -rue. 

About  eighteen  inches  or  two  feet  high.  Stem  and  filaments 
deep  reddish -purple ;  rare.  In  low  meadows  near  Woodbury, 
scarce.  On  the  margins  of  a  fosse,  on  the  lower  or  east  edge  of 
Powelton,  but  rare.  Perennial.  June. 

258.  HYDRASTIS.  Gen.  pi.  958.  (Rammculacece.) 

Calix  none.  Petals  3.  Nectary  none.  Berry 
compound,  granulations  1 -seeded. 

canadensis,    l.  H;  stem  above  oppositely  two-leaved ;  leaves 
petiolate,  emarginate  at  the  base,  palmate,  ser- 
rate, incised;  peduncle  terminal,  solitary,  one- 
flowered. — Willd,  and  Pursh, 
"Warnera  Canadensis,  Miller. 
Icon.  Mill.  ic.  t.  285. 

Fellow -root. 

About  a  foot  or  fourteen  inches  high.  Flowers  small,  incon- 
spicuous. Roots  very  yellow,  and  yield  a  fine  yellow  dye. 
Possesses  medicinal  properties.  A  very  rare  plant  in  this  vi- 
cinity. I  have  only  found  it  on  the  high  banks  of  the  Wissa- 
hickon,  near  Germantown.    Perennial.    April,  May. 

259.  CALTHA.  Gen.  pi.  957.    (Rcmunculacea.) 

Calix  none.    Petals  5  to  9.    Nectary  none. 
Capsules  several,  many-seeded. 

paiustris,       1.  C.  stem  erect,  corymbose,  leaves  cordate,  reni- 
form :  lobes  spreading,  the  circumference  acute- 
ly-crenate;  flowers  subsessile,  petals  ovate. — 
Willd,  and  Pursh, 
Populago  paiustris,  Scop. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  668.  Engl.  Bot.  506. 


POLYANDRIA,  POLYGYNIA.  23 

Marsh  Marigold.    Meadow  Cowslip. 

A  very  fine  plant,  with  deep  green  leaves  and  bright  deep 
yellow  shining-  flowers.  Whole  plant  has  the  habit  of  Ranun- 
culus. In  a  swampy  wood,  about  half  a  mile  or  three  quarters 
clue  west  of  the  three  miles-stone,  on  the  Germantown  road. 
Very  rare.  1  have  not  found  it  elsewhere.  Perennial.  April. 

260.  HEPATIC  A.  Willd.  enum.  (Banwuithicccc.) 

Calix  3-leaved.  Petals  6  to  9.  Seeds  naked. 

1.  H.  leaves  thrce-lobed,  very  entire,  lobes  round-  triloba.**' 
obtuse,  scape  one-flowered. —  Willd.  *  '"'">"• 

Anemone  Hepatica,  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  2.  p.  1273. 
Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  610.  Bot.  Mag.  10. 

Three-lobed  Liver-wort. 

One  of  the  earliest  blooming  spiing  plants,  often  flowering 
before  the  leaves  have  come  up,  and  while  snow  is  yet  on  the 
ground.  Flowers  purple,  rarely  white.  In  woods,  under  de- 
caved  and  fallen  leaves,  on  rich  soil.  Common.  Perennial. 
March  till  May. 

261.  RANUNCULUS.  Gen.  pi.  953.  (Ranunculacez.) 

Calix  5-leaved.  Petals  o ;  having  the  inner 
side  of  each  claw  furnished  with  a  melli- 
ferous pore,  often  membranaceously  mar- 
gined or  covered  by  a  separate  scale.  Seeds 
naked,  numerous. — Nutt. 

1.  R.  smooth ;  stem  declinate,  leaves  narrow-Ian- Fiamihuia. 
ceolate,  acute,  entire  and  denticulate;  the  lower 
ones    petiolate,    peduncles    terminal,    axillary, 
one-flowered ;  calices  subreflexed. — Willd.  and 
Pursh. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  575.  Engl.  Bot.  387. 

About  a  foot  or  two  feet  high,  leaning  obliquely  from  the 
root.    Leaves  of  a  delicate  blueish-green.   Flowers  small,  yel- 


POLYANDRIA,  POLYGYNIA. 

low.  In  ditches  in  Jersey,  along1  the  course  of  the  Delaware, 
and  in  ditches  in  the  Neck,  on  this  side  of  the  river,  not  unfre- 
quent.     Perennial.     July,  August. 

2.  R.  smooth;  stems  striate,  naked  below;  radi- 
cal leaves  cordate,  reniform,  obtuse-crenate ; 
those  of  the  stem  petiolate,  ternate,  angular,  the 
upper  ones  sessile ;  the  branchlets  sub-3-flower- 
ed. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Jbortire-flowered  Crow-foot, 

About  twelve  or  fourteen  inches  high,  with  very  small  incon- 
spicuous yellow  flowers.  In  woods,  and  shady  wet  places, 
common.     Perennial.    May,  July. 

3.  R.  smooth  ;  lower  leaves  palmate,  upper  ones 
sessile,  digitate;  fruit  oblong. — Willd,  and 
Pursh, 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  571.  Engl.  Bot.  681. 

Scelerij -leaved  Crow-foot, 

A  very  branclung  or  bushy  species,  about  twelve  or  fifteen 
inches  high,  with  small  yellow  flowers.  Stem  hollow.  Whole 
plant  very  acrid,  so  much  so  as  to  blister  when  applied  bruised 
for  any  length  of  time  to  the  cuticle.  It  is  used  medicinally.  In 
wet  meadows,  and  all  dirty  ditches  and  plashes,  on  commons 
and  road-sides,  and  in  wastes;  common  Perennial.  May, 
June. 

4.  R.  very  hirsute,  erect;  leaves  ternate,  folioles 
acutely  lobate;  stems  below  the  first  peduncle 
naked,  few-flowered;  calix  appressed. — Mich, 

R.  hispidus,  Mich. 
R.  hirtus. 

Hispid  Crow -foot. 

About  twelve  inches  high ;  flowers  small,  yellow.  In  the 
hilly  woods  above  the  falls  of  Schuylkill,  west  side,  frequent. 
Perennial.     June. 


5.  R.  hirsute ;  leaves  compound,  ternate,  trifid, 


POLYANDRIA,  POLYGYNIA.  25 

incised,  sarments  creeping;  peduncles  furrow- 
ed, calices  spreading. —  Willd. 

Icon.  FI.  Dan.  795.  Engl.  Bot.  516. 

Creeping  Crow -foot. 

A  fine  species,  which  spreads  rapidly  and  extensively  by  its 
creeping  roots.  Flowers  large,  deep-yellow.  In  damp,  shady 
woods,  and  unmolested  moist  places  near  shrubbery ;  frequent. 
Perennial.     July. 

6.  R.  very  hirsute;  leaves  compound,  ternate,  tri-  buibosus.  «> 
fid,  incised  and  toothed ;  stem  erect,  many-flow- 
ered ;  peduncles  furrowed,  calices  reflexed,  root 
bulbous. — Willd. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  551.  Engl.  Bot.  515. 

Common  Bulbous  Crow-foot,  or  Butter-cup. 

An  introduced,  but  naturalized  species,  found  every  where 
in  pastures,  grass-plots,  and  in  grassy  fields  and  lanes.  Leaves 
a  very  deep-green ;  flowers  fine  deep-shining-yellow.  Posses- 
ses medicinal  virtues.  Whole  fields  are  often  rendered  yel- 
low by  the  profusion  of  this  plant.  Perennial.  From  May 
till  August. 

7.  R.  hairy,  erect,  branched ;  leaves  ternate,  tri-  Pennsyhani. 
lid,   incised,   hairy   underneath;  peduncles  te-°l 

rete,  calices  reflexed,  petals  the  length  of  the 
calix. — Willd. 
R.  trifolius,  Bart.  Prod.  Fl.  Ph.  60. 

An  excessively  hairy  species,  which  comes  near  to  Penn- 
sylvanicus,  but  may  not  be  it  on  further  examination.  In  grassy 
retired  places;  not  common.  On  the  grounds  of  Lemon-hill. 
Perennial.     July. 

8.  R.  root  very  much  fascicled;  leaves  ternate, sub-  fascicular. 
pinnate,  glabrous.  B. 

R.  fascicularis,  Muhl. 

A  fine  species,  eighteen  inches  or  two  feet  high,  growing  on 
the  margins  of  our  rivers  and  creeks,  and  frequently  mistaken 
for  R.  acris,  from  which  it  materially  differs.  Perennial.  May, 
June. 


POLYANDRIA,  POLYGYNIA. 

9.  R.  leaves  all  dichotomously  capillaceous,  stem 
swimming. — Willd. 
Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  376. 

River  Crow -foot. 

A  deep-green  aquatic  plant,  covering  ditches  for  a  great  ex- 
tent, with  its  stems  and  leaves.  Flowers  white,  small,,  and 
raised  about  an  inch  above  the  surface  of  the  water.  In  all  the 
ditches  of  the  Neck,  and  in  those  of  Jersey;  very  common. 
Perennial.     June,  July. 

262.  BRASENIA.  Gen.  pi.  938.  (Hydrocharides.) 

Calix  6-leaved,  petaloid,  persistent,  the  3  in- 
terior longer.  Corolla  none.  Stamina  18 
to  36,  about  the  length  of  the  calix.  Utri- 
culi  oblong,  6  to  9;  3-seeded. — JWtt. 

peitau,        1.  B.  leaves  centrally  peltate,  oval,  very  entire, 
peduncles  solitary,  one-flowered. — Pursh. 
Hydropeltis  purpurea,  Mich. 

Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  1147.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  349.  f.  3. 

Water-shield. 

An  aquatic  plant,  which  I  have  never  seen.  Above  the  falls 
of  Schuylkill,  two  or  three  miles,  east  side  ;  Mr.  Collias.  Pe- 
rennial. June. 

263.  CYAMUS.  Salisbury.  (Hydrocharides.) 

Calix  petaloid,  4  or  5 -leaved.  Petals  many. 
Fruit  turbinate,  with  a  truncated  disk  ex- 
cavated with  numerous  cells,  each  contain- 
ing a  single  seed.  Seed  an  ovate  nut 
crowned  with  the  persistent  style. — J\Tutt. 


lute  us. 


1.  C.  leaves  peltate,  orbiculate,  very  entire;  co- 
rolla polypetalous,  anthers  linear  above. — Salis- 
bury. Peduncles  and  petioles  muricate. — Bart. 
Prod.  Fl.  Ph.  p.  59. 


P0LYANDR1A,  POLYGYNIA.  o7 

Cyamus  flavicomus,  Salisb. 

C.  nelumbo,  Smith,  Exot.  Bot. 

Nelumbium  spcciosum,  Willd.  and  Ait. 

N.  luteum,  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  2.  p.  1259. 

IN.  luteum,  Mich. 

Nymphsea  Nelumbo,  j8  L.  Sp.  PL 

Nelumbo  Indka,  Pers. 

Sacred-bean  of  India,  Egyptian-bean. 

There  is  not  surely  in  North  America  any  plant  comparable 
to  this  for  grandeur,  simplicity  and  beauty.  Truly  may  it  be 
styled  as  I  have  elsewhere  called  it,  the  Queen  of  American 
Floicevs.  I  regret  to  say  that  it  is  not  as  abundant  in  our  vici- 
nity as  it  was  five  years  ago.  This  may  be  an  accidental  or 
temporary  decrease,  owing  to  a  disturbance  of  the  site  where 
it  grows.  The  leaves  are  perfectly  round  and  centrally  peltate. 
They  are  from  a  foot  to  eighteen  inches  in  diameter,  of  a  rich 
velvety -green  above,  and  very  pale  underneath,  They  are  sup- 
ported by  petioles  from  two,  to  three  and  a  half  feet  in  lengtli. 
The  flowers  are  pale-yellow,  globose,  and  about  three  or  four 
inches  in  diameter,  supported  by  petioles  or  a  scape,  a  yard  in 
length,  frequently  muricate  towards  the  upper  part.  From 
this  circumstance,  together  with  an  accurate  examination  of 
a  fine  Chinese  painting  of  the  India  species,  which  differed  in 
nothing  from  our  plant,  except  in  the  rose-coloured  flower, 
Iconsideredthe  two  species  as  identical,  and  accordingly  added 
the  synonyms  which  stand  in  my  Prodromus.  Another  years* 
examination  of  our  plant  has  not  given  me  reason  to  alter  my 
opinion  on  this  subject,  nor  can  1  conceive  that  a  mere  differ- 
ence in  colour  of  the  flowers  should  be  considered  sufficient 
to  establish  the  difference.  Walter  says  his  Nelumbo  had 
white  flowers:  so  that  even  in  our  own  country,  a  discrepancy 
occurs  here.  I  am  glad  to  find  that  Mr.  Nuttall  has  als»  noticed 
in  his  work,  that  the  u  peduncles  are  partly  muricate." 


DIDYNAMIA. 


TEUCRIUM. 

MENTHA. 

HYSSOPUS. 

NEPETA. 

LAMIUM. 

STACHYS. 

LEONURUS. 

GLECHOMA. 

MARRUBIUM. 

PYCNANTHEMUM. 

CLINOPODIUM. 

ORIGANUM. 

MELISSA. 

PRUNELLA. 

SCUTELLARIA. 


TRICHOSTEMA. 

PHRYMA. 

VERBENA. 

LIMOSELLA. 

SCROPHULARIA. 

BIGNONIA. 

ANTIRRHINUM. 

GERARDIA. 

PEDICULARIS. 

MIMULUS. 

CHELONE. 

PENSTEMON. 

EUCHROMA. 

MELAMPYRUM. 

OROBANCHE. 


EPIFAGUS. 


VOL.    II. 


[30  J 


CLASS  XIII.— DIDYNAMIA. 

ORDER  I.  GYMNOSPERMIA.  (4  naked  seeds.) 

264.  TEUCRIUM.  Gen.  pi.  960.  (LabiaUe.) 

Upper  lip  of  the  corolla  none,  but  a  fissure  in 
its  place  through  which  the  Stamina  are 
exserted. — JSTutt. 

>  canaiicnse.  j#  t.  cano-hirsute;  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  ser- 
rate, all  petiolate;  stem  erect,  spikes  verticil- 
late,  crowded,  bracteas  twice  as  long  as  the  ca- 
lix. —  JVilld.  and  Fursh. 

Nettle-leaved  Germander. 

About  eighteen  incnes  or  two  feet  high.  Flowers  purple. 
Along  the  grassy  banks  of  our  rivers  and  creeks ;  and  in  low 
meadows,  common.     Perennial.     July. 

virginicum.  2,  T.  pubescent;  leaves  ovate,  oblong,  serrate, 
the  upper  ones  subsessile ;  stem  erect,  spikes 
^  erticillate,  crowded,  bractes  the  length  of  the 
calix.— Willd.  > 

Icon.  Schkuhr.  handb.  160.  (Pursh.)  * 

Resembles  the  preceding  exceedingly.  Flowers  also  pur- 
ple. Grows  with  No.  1,  but  is  very  rare. 

265.  MENTHA.  Gen.  pi.  967.  (LabiaU.) 

Corolla  subequal,  4-cleft;  having  the  broader 
segment  emarginate.  Stamina  erect  and 
distant. — J\Tutt. 


Boveaiis.       1.  M.  upright,  pubescent;  leaves  petiolate,  oval- 
lanceolate,  very  acute  at  each  end  ;  flowers  ver- 
ticillate;  stamens  exserted. — Mich. 
Mentha  Canadensis,  Kalm. 


DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA.  31 

In  similar  places  with  the  two  preceding  plants  ;  very  com- 
mon. Flowers  white,  or  very  pale-purple.     Perennial.    July. 

Mentha  viridis,  or  common  spear-mint,  and  Mentha  piperita, 
or  common  pepper-mint,  are  frequently  found  in  wet  mea- 
dows near  springs  and  rivulets,  where  they  have  been  plant- 
ed, or  found  their  way  from  gardens ;  but  they  are  not  pro- 
perly naturalized. 

266.  HYSSOPUS.  Gen.  pi.  963.  (Labiate.) 

Lower  lip  of  the  Corolla  3 -parted,  inter- 
mediate segment  snbcrenate.  Stamina 
straight,  and  distant. — J\Tutt. 

1.  H.  spikes  verticillate,  cylindrical  ;  styles  short- nePetoides'  * 
er  than  the  corolla;  leaves  subcordatc,  ovate- 
acuminate,  acutely  dentate. — Willd,  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  150.  f.  3.  Jacq.  hort.  1. 1. 
69.  (Pursh.) 

Catmint  Hyssop.     Tall  Hyssop. 

A  very  tall  plant,  often  flowering  at  a  height  of  two  feet, 
but  frequently  attaining  a  stature  of  six.  Flowers  in  long 
dense  spikes,  ochroleucous.  I  have  seen  them  purple,  though 
rarely.  In  thickets,  shady  woods,  hedges,  and  on  the  borders 
of  fields,  common,  particularly  six  or  ten  miles  from  the  city. 
Perennial.     July. 

o* 

2.  H.  spikes  verticillate,  cylindric;  styles  longer  8fc™[JuIari- 
than  the  corolla;    leaves  cordate-ovate,  acumi- 
nate, obtusely  dentate* — Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Agastache,  Gronovius,  Fl.  Virg.  88. 
Icon.  Herm.  parad.  t.  106. 

A  very  rare  plant,  easily  known  from  the  preceding.  From 
fourteen  inches  to  two  feet  high.  Flowers  purple.  On  the 
banks  of  the  Delaware,  Jersey  side,  on  the  walk  from  Kaighn's 
point  to  the  next  ferry  below,  close  to  a  shady  thicket.  Pe- 
rennial.    July. 

267.  NEPETA.  Gen.  pi.  964.  (Labiate.) 

Caluv  arid,  striated.  Tube  of  the  Corolla 
longish  5  intermediate  segment  of  the  lower 


32  DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA. 

lip  crenate ;   margin  of  the  orifice  reflected. 
Stamina  approximate. — Nutt. 

oataria.        l.  N.  flowers  spiked,  whorls  subpedicellate ;  leaves 
petiolate,  cordate,  dentate-serrate. — Willd. 
Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  580. 

Catmint.     Nep.     Catnep. 

A  well-known  herb,  in  common  use  in  domestic  medical 
practice.  Flowers  white.  Naturalized  in  cultivated  grounds,  in 
wastes  and  on  road  sides,  every  where.  Perennial.  July, 
August. 

268.  LAMIUM.  Gen.  pi.  971.  (Labiata.) 

Calix  5-cleft,  segments  subulate,  spreading. 
Upper  lip  of  the  corolla  entire  and  vault- 
ed :  lower  lip  S-lobed ;  the  margin  of  the 
orifice  toothed  on  either  side. — Nutt. 


amplexi- 
caule. 


1.  L.  floral  leaves  sessile,  amplexicaule,  obtuse. 

—Willd. 
Polichia  araplexicaulis,  Roth. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  752. 


Stem-clasping 


Archangel. 


Great  Henbit.     Dead- 


nettle.     Henbit  Jlrchangel. 

From  six  inches  to  a  foot  high.  Flowers  reddish-purple. 
In  all  cultivated  grounds,  and  particularly  on  the  margins  of 
fields,  very  common.     Annual.     All  summer. 

269.  STACHYS.  Gen.  pi.  979.  (Labiatx.) 

Calix  5-cIeft,  awned.  Upper  lip  of  the  co- 
rolla vaulted  ;  the  lower  reflected  at  the 
sides,  with  the  intermediate  segment  larger 
and  emarginated.  Stamina  at  length  re- 
flected to  the  sides. — Nutt. 

1.  S.  stems  erect,  very  hispid  backward;  leaves 
subpetiolate,   lanceolate,  acute,    serrate,    very 


DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA.  S3 

grab ro us ;   whorls  sub-6-flowered  ;    calicos  di- 
varicate, spinous. — Mich,  and  Pursh. 

S.  tenuifolia,  Willd.? 

S.  arvensis,  Walt. 

Rough  Wound-wort.    Hedge-nettle. 

From  one  to  two  feet  high.  In  full  flower  very  handsome. 
Flowers  purple.  Along  the  banks  of  rivers  and  creeks,  and  in 
low  meadows,  common;  particularly  along  the  bank-walks  of 
the  Delaware  and  Schuylkill.     Perennial.     July. 

270.  LEONURUS.  Gen.  pi.  977.  (Labiate.) 

Calix  pentangular,  5-toothed.  Upper  lip  of 
the  corolla  villous,  flat,  entire;  lower  lip 
3-parted,  with  the  middle  segment  undi- 
vided. "Lobes  of  the  anthers  parallel." 
R.  Brown. — JSTntt. 

1.  L.  leaves  cuneiform-ovate,  three  lobed,  den-  carfiaou  4 
tate;  corollas  larger  than  the  prickly  calix; 
middle  segments  of  the  lower  lip  acute. — Willd. 
Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  727.  Engl.  Bot.  286. 

Mother-wort.     Mug-wort. 

About  two  feet  high.  Flowers  white  and  red,  or  purple.  In- 
troduced, and  naturalized  abundantly  in  all  wastes  near  habi- 
tations.    Perennial.    July. 

271.  GLECHOMA.  Gen.  pi.  970.  (Labiate.) 

Calix  5-cleft,  subequal.  Anthers  approach- 
ing each  other  in  pairs,  each  pair  produc- 
ing the  form  of  a  cross. — JVutt. 

1.  G.  leaves  reniform-crenate. — Willd.  hedewcea.  ^ 

Icon.  Fl.  73an.  789.  Curt.  Lond.  2.  t.  44. 

Ground  Iry.     Gill.     Alehoqf. 

A  creeping  plant,  with  blue  flowers.  Mr.  Nuttall  is  inclined 

4# 


34  DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA. 


i 


to  think  it  indigenous,  having  found  it  abundant  along  the 
banks  of  the  Ohio  and  Potomac,  remote  from  settlements.  In 
wastes  and  hedges,  common.     Perennial.     May  to  August. 

272.  MARRUBIUM.  Gen.  pi.  976,  {Labiatce.) 

Calix  saberform,  rigid,  10- striate.     Upper 
lip  of  the  corolla  bifid,  linear,   straight. — 
*    Nutt. 

vuigare.       l.  M.  leaves  subrotund,  ovate,  dentate,  rugose- 
veined;  calix  teeth  setaceous,  hooked. —  Willd. 
Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  1036.  Engl.  Bot.  410. 

Horehound. 

Also  plentifully  naturalized  in  wastes.  Whole  plant  of  a 
grey  aspect.  Flowers  white.  Much  used  as  a  domestic  medi- 
cine.    Perennial.    July. 

273.  PYCNANTHEMUM.  Mich.  fl.  am.  2.  p.  7.  {Labiatce.) 

Capituluin  surrounded  by  an  involucrum  of 
many  bractes. — Calix  tubular,  striate,  5- 
toothed.  Upper  lip  of  the  corolla  nearly 
entire ;  lower  trifid.  "  Middle  segment 
longer.  Stamina  distant ;  cells  of  the  an- 
thers parallel.*'     fl.  Brown. — JWtt. 

1.  P.  leaves  oblong-ovate,  acute,  subserrate,  cano- 
tomentose ;  capituli  compound,  the  lateral  ones 
pedunculated ;  bractes  setaceous. — Mich,  and 
Pursh. 

Clinopodium  incanum,  L. 

Origanum  incanum,  Walt. 

Icon.  Pluk.  mant.  t.  344.  f.  7.  (Pursh.) 

Hoary  Basil. 

About  three  feet  high.  Whole  plant  grey  or  hoary.  Flow- 
ers white  and  pale -red.  It  possesses  the  fine  odour  of  Origanum 


DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA.  35 

vulgare.    On  a  bluff  bordering-  the  Schuylkill,  "Woodlands; 
abundant.     Perennial.    July,  August. 

2.  P.  stem   upright,  very  much  branched,  rough-  fiw&ttam.  w 
ish;  leaves  linear,  3-nerved,  very  entire  ;  capi- 

tuli  terminal,  fasciculate-corymbose. — Pursh. 
Brachvstenuim  linifolius,  Willd. 
B.  Virginicum,  Mich.  » 

Thymus  Virginicus,  L. 
Pycnanthemum  Virginicum,  Ait. 
Satureja  Virginiana,  Sp.  PI.  2.  p.  793. 
Origanum  flexuosum,  Walt. 

Icon.  Herm.  parad.  t.  218.  (Pursh.)  Pluk.  aim. 
t.  54.  f.  2. 

Flax-leaved  Basil,     Virginian  Thyme, 

About  eighteen  inches  high.  Flowers  small,  white.  Whole 
plant  smells  like  Thyme.  On  the  borders  of  open  damp 
woods,  and  along1  water-courses  in  thickets,  frequent.  In  the 
woods  bordering  the  Mantua-road,  and  on  the  bank  walks  of 
the  Delaware  and  Schuylkill,  common.  Perennial.  July, 
August. 

3.  P.  stem  upright,  very  much  branched,  rough-  lanceuiatwn. 
ish;  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  veined,  very  en- 
tire; capituli  terminal,  fasciculate-corymbose. 

— Piwsh. 
Bachystemum  lanceolatum,  Willd.  enum. 

Lance-leaved  Basil, 

Resembles  No.  2,  very  much  in  general  habit,  but  easily 
known  from  it  by  the  broader  leaves.  Flowers  also  white.  In 
similar  places  with  No.  2,  but  less  common.  Perennial.  July 
August. 

4.  P.  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  subdentate,  smooth-  muticum.  ^ 
ish  ;  capituli  terminal,  bractes  lanceolate,  some- 
what acute. — Pers, 

Bachystemum  muticum,  Mich. 
Icon.  Mich.  fl.  am.  2.  t.  32. 

About  eighteen  inches  or  two  feet  high.  Flowers  pale  blos- 
som-red.  On  the  margin  of  a  small  open  wood  in  the  Neck, 


36  DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSt>ERMIA. 

about  half  a  mile  south-east  of  the  corner  of  Federal  and  Fifth 
streets,  Southwark.  Very  rare.  Perennial.  July. 

vertkiiiatum.  5.  p.  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  very  entire ;  whorls 
sessile,  compact,  bractes  acuminate. — Pers.  and 
Pursh. 

Brachystemum  verticillatum,  Mich. 

Origanum  clinopodoides,  Walt. 
Icon.  Mich.  Fl.  am.  2.  t.  31. 

This  species  resembles  No.  4,  exceedingly.  It  is  also  very 
rare;  I  have  only  found  it  on  the  bank  walk  from  Gray's  ferry 
to  Kingsess  gardens,  in  the  low  ground.  Perennial.  July, 
August. 

274.  CLIXOPODIUM.  Gen.  pi.  980.  (Labiate.) 

Verticill  surrounded  by  a  setaceous  involu- 
crum. — Upper  lip  of  the  corolla  flat,  ob- 
cordate  and  strait. — J\Tutt. 

vuigare.  i.  C.  capituli  verticillate,  bractes  setaceous,  his- 
pid ;  leaves  hairy  above,  remotely  dentate,  stem 
nearly  simple. — ff?$ld. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  930.  Engl.  Bot.  1401. 

Common  Wild  Basil. 

About  a  foot  high;  flowers  purple,  and  sometimes,  though 
rarely,  white.  In  dry  fields,  and  in  dry  thickets.  Perennial. 
August. 

275.  ORIGANUM.  Gen.  pi.  981.  (Labiate.) 

Flowers^ollected  into  a  4-sided  strobilus  or 
dense»pike. — Upper  lip  of  the  corolla 
erect?lnit$  lower  3-parted;  segments  equal. 
— Nutt.  ' 

Tuigfire.       1.  O.  spikes  subrotund,  paniculate,  conglomerate, 
bractes  ovate,  longer  than  the  calix. — Willd. 
Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  638. 


DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA.  37 

Common  Marjoram. 

A  fine  plant,  exhaling  a  very  grateful  odour.  From  one  to 
two  feet  high.  Flowers  red.  Indigenous;  on  stony  hills  and 
the  borders  of  dry  stony  fields;  frequent.  Perennial.  July, 
August. 

276.  MELISSA.  Gen.  pi.  983.  (LabiaU.) 

Calix  avid,  above  nearly  flat ;  upper  lip  sub- 
fastigiate.  Upper  lip  of  the  corolla  partly 
vaulted,  bifid ;  middle  lobe  of  the  lower  lip 
cordate. — JSTutt. 

1.  M.  whorls  dimidiate,  bractes  oblong,  pedicel-  officinalis. 
late;  leaves  ovate-acute,  serrate. — Willd. 

Balm. 

Common  balm  is  well-known.  It  is  not  unfrequently  found 
along  the  edges  of  fields  and  by  road  sides,  appearing  naturaliz- 
ed. Its  domestic  use  as  a  tisan,  is  extensive,  and  merited.  Pe- 
rennial. July. 

277.  PRUNELLA.  Gen.  pi.  990.  (Labia**.) 

Upper  lip  of  the  calix  dilated.  Filaments  o 
the  stamina  forked,  only  one  of  the  points 
antheriferous.  Stigma  bifid. — JWtt. 

1.  P.  leaves  petiolate,  ovate  and  lanceolate,  den-  vpmflr* 
tate  at  the  base;  calix  lips  equal,  the  upper  trun- 
cate, three  avvned,   stem   adscendent — IVilld. 
hort.  berol. 

leaves  ovate.  *«*». 

leaves  lanceolate.  $  umceoiata. 

Self-heal. 

From  eight  inches  to  a  foot  high.  Flowers  deep  purple,  rare- 
ly white.  Var.  ct.  flowers  in  June;  /2.  flowers  in  August,  and  is 
a  large  plant.  In  fields  and  by  road  and  fence  sides,  very  com- 
mon. Perennial. 


38 


DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA. 

278.  SCUTELLARIA.  Gen.  pi.  989.  (Labiat*.) 


Margin  of  the  Calix  entire,  after  flowering 
closed  with  a  galeate  lid.  Tube  of  the  co- 
rolla elongated. — Nutt. 


gaiericuiata,  l.  S.  branching ;  leaves  cordate-lanceolate,  cre- 
nate,  under  side  pulverulently  pubescent,  paler  ; 
flowers  axillary. — Nutt. 
Not  S.  galericulata,  of  Pursh. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  637.  Engl.  Bot.  523. 

Common  Skull-cap. 

A  very  elegant  species,  with  fine  blue  flowers.  From 
eighteen  inches  to  two  feet  high,  weak,  branching.  On  the 
margins  of  meadow-drains  and  ditches,  and  sometimes  among 
sedge  in  wet  meadows  of  Jersey,  not  unfrequent.  Perennial. 
July. 


gracilis. 


l     lateriflora. 


2.  S.  stem  mostly  simple;  leaves  remote,  broad- 
ovate,  dentate,  smooth  and  sessile,  scabrous  on 
the  margin,  upper  ones  smaller,  entire ;  flow- 
ers axillary. — Nutt. 

S.  gracilis,  INutt. 

S.  galericulata,  Pursh  ? 

Slender  Skull-cap. 

A  small  species,  with  simple  erect  stems,  and  every  where 
very  glabrous.  On  the  edges  of  woods  and  thickets  bordering 
the  Schuylkill,  particularly  between  Kingsess  gardens  and 
Gray's  ferry ;  very  common.     July. 

3.  S.  very  much  branched,  somewhat  smooth ; 
leaves  with  very  long  petioles,  ovate,  dentate, 
nerved ;  raceme  terminal,  loose,  leafy. — Willd. 

Side-flowering  SkuU-cap. 

From  a  foot  to  two  feet  high,  with  a  profusion  of  blue  flow- 
ers.  A  very  handsome  species.  On  the  borders  of  all  our 
waters,  and  on  the  edges  of  pools  and  ditches,  very  common. 
Perennial.     July  to  September. 


DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA.  39 

4.  S.  somewhat  simple,  densely  pubescent;  leaves  inteprifoiia.  - 
subsessile,  oblong  or  linear,  obtuse,  very  entire, 
attenuated  at   base;    racemes   loose,  leafy. — 

nuid. 

Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  441.  f.  6. 

Entire-leaved  Skull-cap. 
Leaves  all  linear. — Willd.  &  h/nyifi  :«•• 

Hyssop-leaved  Skull-cap. 

A  verv  elegant  and  striking1  species,  with  a  profusion  of 
large  blue  flowers.  In  meadows  and  fields  of  Jersey,  very- 
abundant.  Also  in  fields  west  of  the  Delaware.  /2.  is  more  rare 
— generally  in  woods  and  thickets.     Perennial.    July,  August. 

5.  S.  somewhat  simple,  pubescent ;  leaves  remote,  ovaiifoiia.  ^ 
rhomboid-ovate,  obtuse,  round-crenate,  attenu- 
ated at  base,  with  short  petioles ;  racemes  ter- 
minal,  loose,    lor    the    most   part    branched ; 
branches  lanceolate,  entire. — Mich,  and  Pursh. 

S.  ovaiifoiia,  Muhl.  - 
S.  ovaiifoiia,  Pers.  ? 
S.  Caroliniana,  Walt. 
S.  pilosa,  Mich,  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  313.  f.  4. 

A  very  common  and  ordinary  looking  species.  In  woods, 
every  where  abundant.     Perennial.     July,  August. 

279.  TRICHOSTEMA.  Gen.  pi.  988.  (Labiate.) 

Calix  resupinate.  Upper  lip  of  the  corolla 
falcate.  Stamina  very  long  and  incarved. 
— JSTutt. 

1.  T.  leaves  rhomboid-lanceolate,  the  flower-bear-  dichotoma.    * 
ing  branchlets  bifurcate,  stamens  very  long. — 
Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Bastard  Pennyroyal. 
From  six  to  ten  inches  high.     Flowers  Prussian-blue,  band- 


40  DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA. 

some.  Whole  plant  possessing-  in  a  small  degree,  the  scent 
of"  Pennyroyal.  In  sandy  fields  and  on  exposed  road  sides; 
every  where  very  common,  especially  in  Jersey.  Annual.  July. 

linearis.  g#  t.  leaves  linear,  smooth,  sessile,  attenuated 
somewhat  at  either  end  ;  dentures  of  the  ca- 
lix  conspicuously  awned,  stamina  very  long. — 

Mat. 

Trichostema  linearis,  Nutt. 

T.  dichotoma,  /3.  linearis,  Walt,  and  Pursh. 

Linear -leaved  Bastard  Pennyroyal. 

Resembles  the  preceding  exceedingly,  but  is  very  distinct.  I 
have  heretofore  considered.it  only  as  a  variety,  but  my  atten- 
tion being"  particularly  directed  to  the  plant  by  the  observa- 
tions of  Mr.  Xuttall,  I  have  no  hesitation  in  adopting-  it  as  a 
g-enuine  species.  1  have  found  it  all  through  Maryland,  pre- 
serving its  character.  In  the  sandy  fields  of  Jersey,  near 
Woodbury.     Annual.     July,  August. 

•'^'t    ^  "  280.  PHRYMA.  Gen.  pi.  994.  (Labiatx.) 

Calix  cylindric,  upper  lip  longer,  trifid ; 
lower  bidentate.  Upper  lip  of  the  corolla 
emarginate,  lower  much  larger.  Seed  one. 

.     —Nutt. 

Leptostachia.  l.  P.  leaves  ovate,  deeply  serrate,  petiolate ;  spikes 
terminal,  slender;  flowers  opposite. — Willd. 
Icon.  Pluk.  amalth.  t.  380.  f.  5.  Lam.  Illust. 
t.  516. 

From  one  to  two  feet  high.  Flowers  on  very  long,  slender 
weak  spikes  ;  small,  white  and  purple.  In  shady  rich  woods, 
particularly  along  the  western  banks  of  the  Schuylkill  towards 
and  above  the  falls ;  common.    Perennial.    June. 

281.  VERBENA.  Gen.  pi.  43.  (Vitices.) 

Calix  5-cleft.  Corolla  funnelform,  tube  in- 
curved, limb  unequal,  5-lobed.  Stamina 
%  fertile.     Seeds  4. 


D1DYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA.  41 

1.  V.  stem    decumbent,   very  much    divaricate- spuria, 
branched;  leaves  multifid,  laciniate,  spikes  fili- 
form, bractes  longer  than  thecalix. — Willd.  and 
Pursh. 

Bastard  Vervain. 

About  twelve  or  fifteen  inches  high.  Leaves  greyish-green. 
Flowers  blue,  very  small.  The  whole  plant  strongly  resembles 
Verbena  officinalis.  In  the  suburbs  of  Southwark  and  Northern 
Liberties  ;  among  rubbish  in  the  streets  of  Camden,  and  by 
Kaighn's  point,  forming  large  patches.  Biennial.  July,  August. 

2.  V.  erect,  tall ;    leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate,  hastata.  ^ 
cut-serrate,  sometimes  cut-hastate;    spikes  li- 
near, paniculated,  subimbricate. — Willd. 

Icon.  Herm.  parad.  242. 

Tall  Vervain. 

A  very  fine  species,  from  two  to  four  feet  high,  with  deep- 
blue  flowers,  larger  and  handsomer  than  those  of  No.  1.  On 
the  banks  of  all  our  waters,  on  the  margins  of  ditches,  and  in 
wet  meadows,  very  abundant;  more  particularly  in  Jersey. 
Perennial.     July. 

Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  deeply-serrated,  acute ;  @  ooiongi/one. 

spikes  filiform,  paniculate;  flowers  smaller,  pale 

blue. — Nutt. 
V.  hastata,  /S.  oblongifolia,  Nutt. 

Resembles  No.  2,  very  closely,  and  grows  with  it.     July. 

3.  V.  erect,  subpubescent ;  leaves  ovate-acute,  ser-  mtkiioiia.  c 
rate,  petiolate;  spikes  filiform,  distinct,  axillary 

and  terminal. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Riv.  monop.  57.  Rob.  ic.  26.  (Pursh.) 

Nettle-leaved  Vervain. 

About  fifteen  inches  or  two  feet  high,  being  a  common  weed 
in  wastes,  road-sides  and  on  the  borders  of  cultivated  grounds. 
Flowers  minute,  white.     Perennial.  All  summer. 
VOL.  If.  5 


42  DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA. 

282.  LIMOSELLA.  Gen.  pi.  1039.  (Lisimachia.) 

Calix  5-cleft.  Corolla  4  and  5  lobed,  equal. 
Stamina  approximating  by  pairs.  Cap- 
sule &-valved,  subbilocular,  many-seeded. 
— Nutt. 

tenuifoiia.     1.  L.  leaves  linear  and  very  n arrow;  scarcely  di- 
lated  at  the  points;    scape   1 -flowered,  about 
equal  in  length  with  the  leaves. — Nutt. 
Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Ph.  vol.  1.  p.  115. 

Root  surculose.  Leaves  radical,  succulent  and  somewhat 
fragile,  erect,  subcylindric-filiform,  a  little  compressed  and  ob- 
tuse towards  the  point,  membranaceously  sheathing  and  radi- 
cant  at  the  base,  radical  fibres  white,  compressed,  and  flaccid. 
Scapes  or  peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves,  one-flowered, 
radical,  axillary,  terete,  at  first  erect,  in  fruit  deflected.  Calix 
cylindric-campanulate,  border  four  and  five-toothed,  dentures 
acute.  Corolla  monopetalous,  tubular,  white,  shaded  with 
greyish  blue  outside,  tube  yellowish  and  glandular  within, 
border  spreading  four  and  five-lobed,  lobes  oblong-oval,  or 
oval,  obtuse.  Stamina  four,  approximating  by  pairs,  included 
in  the  tube  of  the  corolla;  filaments  short;  anthers  pale  blue, 
two-celled.  Style  included,  stigma  capitate.  Capsule  nearly 
spherical,  smooth,  bursting  the  calix,  bivalve,  subbilocular, 
many-seeded.  Seeds  numerous,  angular,  somewhat  gibbous, 
attached  to  a  large  and  rounded  receptacle,  compressed  at  its 
base,  and  dilated  on  two  sides,  producing  imperfect  dissepi- 
ments, which  are  continued  to  the  margin  of  the  valves,  hence 
the  capsule  is  bilocular  near  its  base,  and  only  one-celled 
above. — JYutt. 

Icon.  Transactions  of  the  Physico-Medical  Society  of  New 
York,  vol.  1.  p.  439. 

Mudwort. 

First  discovered  on  the  low  gravelly  banks  of  the  Dela- 
ware, above  Kensington,  by  Mr.  Nuttall.  It  has  also  been 
found  in  Connecticut  by  Dr.  Ives.  It  is  abundant  on  the  shores 
of  the  Delaware  at  low  tide,  but  must  be  vigilantly  searched 
for,  or  from  its  minuteness  it  will  be  overlooked.  I  have  also 
,  found  it  at  low  tide  on  the  shores  of  the  Schuylkill,  a  little  be- 
low Breck's  island.    July. 


DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA.  43 

283.  SCROPHULARIA.  Gen.  pi.  1014.  (ScrophularU.) 

Calix  5 -cleft.    Corolla  sub  globose,  resupi- 
nate.     Capsule  S-celled. 

1.  S.  leaves  cordate,  serrate,  acute,  roundish  at  Mariiamiica. 

base;  petioles  ciliated  below,  the  fascicles  of 

the  panicle  loosely  few-flowered. —  Willd. 
S.  nodosa,  &.  Americana,  Mich. 

Figwort. 

From  three  to  four  feet  high.  Flowers  brownish.  On  the 
borders  of  fields,  and  along  fences  bordering  road-sides ;  not 
frequent.    Perennial.     August. 

284.  BIGNONIA.  Gen:  pi.  1018.  (Bignonix.) 

Calix  5  -toothed,  cyathiform,  partly  coria- 
ceous. Corolla  5-lobed,  campanulate,  ven- 
tricose  on  the  under  side.  Silique  S-celled. 
Seeds  membranaceously  alated. — Nutt. 

1.  B.  leaves  pinnate,  folioles  ovate,  dentate,  acu-  radicam. 
minate,  with  a  terminal  corymb ;  tube  of  the 
corolla  three  times  as  long  as  the  calix,  stem  ra- 
dicant. —  JVillil.  4nd  Pursfi. 


1 

3j< 


impel  Creeper. 

This  well-known  creeper  grows  wild,  on  the  rocks  bor- 
dering the  Schuylkill  near  the  falls,  and  in  a  watery  thicket 
three  miles  below  Kaighn's  point,  Jersey;  near  the  spot  where 
Salsola  Caroliniana  grows.  Flowers  red  and  orange,  lj  .  July, 
August. 

285.  ANTIRRHINUM.  Gen.  pi.  1035.  (ScrophuhwU.) 

Calix  5 -parted ;  the  lower  segments  remote. 
Corolla  calcarate,  ringent,  orifice  closed  by 
the  prominent  palate.  Capsule  ovate,  2- 
f S?ed,  2-valved,  bursting  at  the  summit 
ior 


44  DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA. 

with  3  to  5  reflected  dentures,  a  stapediform 
styliferous  arch  remaining  betwixt  either 
aperture. — Gcertner. 

m  Lmaiia.  l.  A.  erect,  glabrous;  leaves  scattered,  lanceo- 
late-linear, crowded  ;  spikes  terminal,  thickly 
flowered;  calices  glabrous,  shorter  than  the 
spine. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  982.  Engl.  Bot.  658. 

Toad  Flax.     Ransted-weed.     Wild  Snap-dragon. 

A  very  elegant  plant,  but  disgusting  from  its  offensive  phos- 
phoretic  smell.  Leaves  greyish-green.  Flowers  bright  yellow ; 
said  to  contain  phosphorus.  Introduced,  but  every  where  ex- 
tensively naturalized,  in  the  United  States.  On  road-sides, 
commons,  wastes,  and  the  borders  of  fields,  very  common  and 
abundant.     Perennial,  from  July  till  October. 

anadense.  2.  A.  assurgent,  glabrous,  very  simple;  leaves 
scattered,  erect,  narrow-linear,  obtuse,  remote ; 
flowers  racemous,  shoots  creeping. — Willd.  and 
Pursh. 

Icon.  Vent.  hort.  eels.  49. 


purpurea, 


Purple  Toad  Flax. 

A  very  delicate  plant,  with  small  oval  radical  leaves,  acute 
at  each  end ;  narrow  linear  stem  leaves,  and  purple  flowers. 
\\\  sandy  fields,  roads,  and  woods  of  Jersey;  common.  An- 
nual.   June,  July. 

286.  GERARD! A.  Gen.  pi.  1004.  (Scrophularix.) 

Calix  half  5-cleft,  or  5-toothed.  Corolla  sub- 
campanulate,  unequally  5-lobed?  segments 
mostly  rounded.  Capsule  2-celled,  open- 
ing at  the  summit. — Nutt. 

1.  G.  stem  opposite,  very  much  branched,*  leaves 
linear ;  flowers   axillary,    opposite,    sessile. — 
Willd.  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Pluk.  mant.  t.  388.  f.  1. 


(Pursh^ 


DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA.  45 

From  fifteen  to  eighteen  inches,  or  two  feet  high.  Flowers 
large,  purple,  handsome.  Along  all  our  waters,  in  marshes, 
and  in  damp  low  grounds  and  rich  moist  woods,  very  com- 
mon.    Biennial.     July,  August. 

2.  G.  paniculate-branched,  leaves  linear;  pedun- tenoifoii*.  v 
cles  axillary,  opposite,  longer  than  the  flower. 

Willd. 
G.  ciecta,  Walt,  and  Mich. 
Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  12.  f.  4. 

A  small,  slender  and  delicate  species,  resembling  small  spe- 
cimens of  the  preceding.  From  a  span  to  a  foot  high.  Flowers 
like  those  of  No.  1.  In  woods  and  fields,  very  common.  Pre- 
fers a  dryer  soil  than  No.  1.  Biennial.  July,  August. 

3.  G.  pubescent;  stems  sub-simple;  leaves  lan-fl"*.  u 
ceolate,  very  entire  or  dentated,  the  lower  ones 
sub-pinnatifid-incised ;  flowers  axillary,  oppo- 
site, subsessile. —  Willd,  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Pluk.  mant.  389.  f.  3. 

A  fine  showey  species,  with  large  yellow  flowers.  From  two 
to  three  feet  high.  In  dry  shady  places,  and  on  rocks  in  woods, 
common.  Perennial.  July. 

4.  G.  glabrous ;  stem  paniculate,  leaves  petiolate,  querela. 
pinnatifid :  segments  lanceolate-acute,  entire  or 
cut-dentate  behind,  the  upper  ones  lanceolate- 
entire;  flowers  axillary,  opposite,  pedicellate. — 
Pursh. 

G.  quercifolia,  Pursh. 

G.  flava,  siveglauca,  Muhl.? 

Rhinanthus  Virginicus,  Willd. 

Also  a  very  elegant  and  showey  plant,  with  yellow  flowers. 
As  I  have  found  this  species  near  Lancaster,  I  conclude  Dr. 
Muhlenberg  must  have  intended  it  by  his  G.  flava,  sive  glauca. 
In  Jersey,  near  swampy  thickets,  three  miles  below  Kaighn's 
point,  and  in  the  woods  near  Woodbury.  Rare.  Perennial. 

5.  G.  pubescent,  brachiate-paniculate;  leaves  ob-  Pedicular*. 
long,  doubly  cut-serrate  and  pinnatifid;  flowers 

5# 


46  DIDYNAMIA,  GYMN0SPERM1A. 

axillary,  opposite-pedicellate;  calicine  segments 
leafy,  cut-dentate. —  Willd.  and  Fursh. 
Icon.  Lam.  Illust.  t.  529.  f.  2. 

About  two  feet  high  and  bushy.  Leaves  resembling"  those 
of  Pedicularis,  orLousewort.  Flowers  yellow,  large.  In  shady 
woods  on  the  Schuylkill  above  the  falls,  and  in  similar  situa- 
tions in  Jersey.  In  the  woods  of  the  Woodlands;  tolerably 
frequent.  Biennial.  July,  August. 

287.  PEDICULARIS.  Gen.pl.  1003.  {Pedicular es.) 

Calix  ventricose,  half  5-cleft.  Galea  (or  up- 
per lip  of  the  corolla)  emarginate  and  com- 
pressed. Capsule  bilocular,  mucronate,  ob- 
lique. Seeds  angular,  tunicated. — JSTutt. 

pallida.  i#  p.  stem  branched,  tall,  glabrous;  leaves  sub- 
opposite,  lanceolate,  crenate-dentate;  spike  leaf- 
less, glabrous,  galea  of  the  corolla  obtuse ;  ca- 
lix  bifid,  roundish. — Herb.  Banks. 

P.  Virginica,  Lamark. 

P.  serotina,  Muhl. 

F  ale -flowered  Louse-wort. 

About  a  foot  or  two  feet  high,  with  pale  or  straw -yellow 
flowers.  This,  which  is  so  common  a  species  at  Lancaster,  is 
rare  in  this  vicinity.  I  have  only  found  it  sparingly  in  the 
swampy  thickets  near  Woodbury,  Jersey.  Mr.  Nuttall  thinks 
it  the  P.  lanceolata,  of  Mich.  Perennial.  August,  September. 

canadensis.  2.  P.  stem  simple,  leaves  pinnatifid,  cut-dentate; 
capitulum  leafy  at  the  base,  hirsute;  galea  of 
the  corolla  bristly-bidentate,  calices  at  length, 
truncate. — Willd.  and  Fursh. 

Common  Louse-wort. 

About  six  or  ten  inches  high.  Flowers  whitish,  sometimes 
tinged  with  purple.  In  meadows  and  damp  low  woods;  com- 
mon.   Perennial.    May,  June. 


DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA.  4? 

28S  .  MIMULUS.  Gen.  pi.  1049.   (Scrophnlarix.) 

Calix  prismatic,  5-toothed.  Corolla  ringent: 
upper  lip  reflected  at  the  sides ;  palate  of 
the  lower  lip  prominent.  Stigma  thick  and 
bifid.  Capsule  2-celled,  many-seeded. 
Seeds  minute. — J\*utt. 

1.  M.  erect,  glabrous  ;   leaves  sessile,  lanceolate,  ringens.    v 
acuminate-serrate,  peduncles  axillary,  opposite, 
longer  than  the  flowers,  calicine  teeth  oblong- 
acuminate. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  283.  Pluk.  amalth.  t.  393.  f.  3. 

Gaping  Monkey -Jiower. 

A  fine  plant,  about  fifteen  inches  high,  with  large  blue  flow- 
ers. In  boggy  meadows  and  low  grounds,  every  where  com- 
mon.    Perennial.     July,  August. 

2.  M.  erect,  glabrous ;  leaves  petiolate,  ovate-acu-  aiam*. 
minate,  serrate,  peduncles   axillary,   opposite, 
shorter  than  the  flower ;  teeth  of  the  calix  round, 
mucronate,  stem  four-angled,  winged. —  Willd. 

Wing-stemmed  Monkey -Jiower. 

Besembles  No.  1,  so  closely  as  to  be  easily  mistaken  for  it. 
It  is  a  taller  plant.  Flowers  the  size  and  colour  of  No.  1.  In  si- 
milar places.  On  the  bank  walk  from  the  Navy  Yard  to  Glou- 
cester point;  frequent.     Perennial.     July,  August. 

289.  CHELONE.  Gen.  pi.  1005    (Bignonue.) 

Calix  5-parted,  tribracteate.  Corolla  rin- 
gent, veutricose.  Sterile  filament  shorter 
than  the  rest ;  anthers  lanuginous.  Cap- 
sule 2-celled.  S-valved.  Seeds  membrana- 
ceously  margined. — J\Tutt. 

1.  Cleaves  opposite,  lanceolate-oblong,  acumi-  glabra,  *J 
nate,  serrate:   spikes  terminal,  close-flowered. 

—Willd. 


48  DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA 

Snake-head. 

From  two  to  three  feet  high.  Flowers  cream-coloured. 
The  corolla  has  some  faint  resemblance  to  a  snake's  head. 
Tn  similar  places  with  Mimulus  ringens,  and  alatus.  Perennial. 
July,  August. 

290.  PENTSTEMON.  Gen.  pi.  1753.  (Scrophularia.) 

Calix  5-leaved.  Corolla  bilabiate,  ventri- 
cose.  The  fifth  sterile  filament  longer  than 
the  rest  and  bearded  on  the  upper  side. 
Anthers  smooth.  Capsule  ovate,  S-celled, 
S-valved.      Seeds    numerous,    angular. — 

JVty#- 

pubescens.     \,  p.  stem  pubescent;,  leaves  serrulate,  lanceolate- 
oblong,  sessile  ;  flowers  paniculate,  sterile  fila- 
ment bearded  from  the  apex  as  far  as  below 
the  middle. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 
Chelone  Pentstemon,  Mant.  415. 

A  very  elegant  plant,  from  ten  to  fifteen  inches  high.  Flow- 
ers pale-purple  or  blue.  On  the  borders  of  open  woods  and 
fields;  common.     Perennial.     July. 

291.  EUCHROMA.  Nutt.  Gen.  Am.  pi.  vol.  2.  p.  54. 
(Pedicular es.) 

Calix  spathseform,  bifid,  and  emarginate,  or 
quadrifid,  with  the  segments  subulate.  Co- 
rolla bilabiate,  upper  lip  very  long  and 
linear,  embracing  the  style  and  stamina; 
lower  lip  short  and  trifid,  without  glands. 
Anthers  linear,  with  unequal  lobes,  all  co- 
hering in  the  form  of  an  oblong  disk.  Cap- 
sule compressed,  ovate,  oblique,  2-celled, 
2-valved;  dissepiment  medial,  bipartile. 
Seeds  numerous,  and  small,  surrounded 
with  a  membranaceous  inflated  vesicle. — 
JVutt. 


DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA.  49 

1.  E.   leaves  and  coloured   bractes   divaricately  ***** 
trifid  ;  calix  bifid,  nearly  equal  with  the  corolla, 
segments  rctuse  and  emarginate. — Nutt. 

Bartsia  coccinea,  L. 
Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  102.  f.  5. 

Painted-cup. 

A  gorgeous  and  much  admired  plant.  The  rich  scarlet  brac- 
tes which  are  usually  mistaken  for  flowers,  constitute  the 
great  beauty  of  the  plant.  Under  afoot  high.  In  the  meadows 
bordering-  the  Wissahickon.  Rare.     Perennial.    July. 

292.  MELAMPYRUM.  Gen.  pi.  999.  (Pediatlares.) 

Calix  4-cleft.  Upper  lip  of  the  corolla  com- 
pressed, margin  folded  back;  lower  lip 
grooved,  trifid,  subequal.  Capsule  S-cell- 
ed,  oblique,  opening  on  one  side ;  cells  2- 
seeded.  Seeds  cartilaginous,  cylindric-ob- 
long. — JVutt. 

1.  M.  slender;  lower  leaves  linear,  entire;  floral Hneare.    L 
leaves  lanceolate,  toothed  behind  ;  flowers  axil- 
lary, distinct. — Lamark. 

M.  Americanum,  Mich. 

all  the  leaves  lanceolate.  £  laf/oUum. 

Cow -wheat. 

About  a  foot  hig-h.  Flowers  yellowish-white,  tinged  with 
pale-red.  In  woods  and  copses  every  where  common.  /2.  dif- 
fers in  having  much  broader  leaves.  I  have  only  found  it 
in  the  woods  near  Woodbury,  where  it  is  abundant.  Annual. 
July.  /3.  August  and  later. 

293.  OROBANCHE.  Gen.  pi.  1045.  (Pediculares.) 

Calix  4<  or  5-cleft,  segments  often  unequal. 
Corolla  ringent.  Capsule  ovate,  acute,  1- 
celled,  2-valved ;  seeds  numerous.  A  gland 
beneath  the  base  of  the  germ. — Nutt. 


50  DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA. 

Americana,  i.  O.  stem  very  simple,  squamae,  oval-lanceolate, 
imbricate,  closed;  spike  terminal,  glabrous; 
corollas  recurved,  stamens  exserted. — Willd. 
and  Pursh. 


jfcrv 


Parasitic.  On  the  authority  of  Mr.  Bartram,  I  have  introduced 
this  plant,  never  having  met  with  it  myself.  He  says  it  grows 
in  the  woods  near  Philadelphia^  Perennial.     July. 

294.  EPIFAGUS.  Nutt  Gen.  Am.  pi.  vol.  2.  p.  60. 

(Pediculares.) 

Polygamous. — Calix  abbreviated,  5-toothed. 
Corolla  of  the  infertile  flower  ringent,  com- 
pressed, 4-cleft,  lower  lip  flat :  fertile  flow- 
er minute,  4-toothed,  deciduous.  Capsule 
truncate,  oblique,  1 -celled,  imperfectly  2- 
valved,  opening  only  on  one  side. — Nutti. 

vhginianus.  1.  E.  stem  branched,  flowers  alternate,  distant; 
corollas  deciduous,  4 -toothed. — Willd, 
Epifagus  Americanus,  Nutt. 
Orobanche  Virginiana,  L. 

Cancer  Root.     Beech-drops. 

A  parasitic  plant,  always  found  under  beech-trees.  It  is 
powerfully  astringent,  and  possesses  medicinal  virtues.  Com- 
mon where  the  beech-tree  is  found.  Perennial.  July,  till 
September. 


ns 


TETRADYNAMIA. 

DRABA. 

LEPIDIUM. 

THLASPI. 

DENTARIA. 

CARD  AMINE. 

BARBAREA. 

SISYMBRIUM. 

ERYSIMUM. 

ARABIS. 

TURRITIS. 


(  52  ) 


CLASS  XIV— TETRAD YNAMIA. 

ORDER  I.    SILICULOSA. 

296.  DRAB  A.  Gen.  pi.  1076.  (Crucifera.J 

Silicle  entire,  oval-oblong,  valves  flattish, 
parallel  with  the  dissepiment,  Style  scarce- 
ly any. 

Tema.         1.  D.  scape  naked,  leaves  oblong-acute,  subser- 
rate,  hairy;  petals  bifid,  stigma  sessile. — Willd. 

D.  hispid ula,  Mich. 

D.  verna,  £.  Americana,  Pers. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  983.  Engl.  Bot.  586. 

Whitlow -grass.    Shad-blossom. 

A  very  humble  plant,  but  extremely  interesting,  because  it 
is  the  earliest  blooming1  plant  of  our  country.  It  is  often  found 
in  flower  in  the  last  of  February  or  early  in  March,  when  only 
one-half  or  three  quarters  of  an  inch  high.  It  afterwards  ac- 
quires a  greater  size,  and  sometimes  is  four  inches  high.  It 
flowers  twice  in  the  season.     Annual.    • 

279.  LEPIDIUM.  Gen.  pi.  1077.  (  Cruciferx.) 

Silicle  emarginate,  elliptic,  cells   1 -seeded, 
valves  carinate,  dissepiment  contrary. 

viiginicum.    i#  l.  radical  leaves  pinnatifid,  stem  leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  sub-cut-serrate ;  flowers  4-petalled, 
diandrous,  silicle  lentiform. — Willd.  smdPursh. 
Icon.  Sloan.  Jam.  1. 1.  123.  f.  3.  (Pursh.) 

Wild  Pepper-grass  or  Pepper-wort. 

From  twelve  to  fifteen  inches  high.  Flowers  very  minute.  In 
stony  roads  and  way -sides,  on  dry  soil,  and  in  dry  fields,  every 
where  common.  Whole  plant  tastes  pepperish.  Biennial.  All 
summer. 


TETRADYNAMIA,  SILIQUOSA.  53 

298.  THLASPI.  Gen.pl.  1078.  (Crucifera.) 

Siiicle  emarginate,  obcordate,  many  seeded  : 
valves  navicular,  with  a  carinate  margin. — 
Nutt. 

1.  T.    hirsute,  siiicle  deltoid-obcordate,  radical  Bursa  pasto- 

ris. 

leaves  pinnatilid. — Willd. 
Icon.  Engl.  Bot.  1485. 

Shepherd? $  Purse, 

One  of  the  common  weeds  growing  every  where,  even  in 
the  crevices  of  brick  pavements.  It  sometimes  covers  whole 
fields.  The  young  radical  leaves  are  brought  to  market  and 
sold  for  greens,  in  the  spring  of  the  year.  Annual.  From  April 
till  October.  ,  r 


ORDER  II.    SILIQUOSA. 

299.  DENTARIA.  Gen.  pi.  1087.  (Cmcifene.) 

Silique  springing  open  elastically  and  the 
valves  "  nerveless"  and  revolute.  Dissepi- 
ment partly  fungose.  Stigma  emarginate. 
Calix  longitudinally  conuivent. — JVutt. 

1.  D.  leaves  thrice  ternate,  folioles  tripartile-li-  laciniata. 

near-oblong,  cut-dentate ;  roots  tuberous,  mo- 

niliform. — Willd. 
D.  concatenata,  Mich. 

Jagged-leaved  Tooth-wort. 

A  handsome  plant,  near  a  foot  high.    Flowers  pale-purple 
and  white.    On  the  shady  hilly  woods  bordering  the  Schuyl- 
kill, near  the  falls,  particularly  on  rocks ;  also,  on  the  rocky 
banks  af  the  Wissahickon,  very  common.  Perennial.  May. 
VOL.  II.  6 


54  TETRAD YNAMIA,  SILIQUOSA. 

heterophyiia.  2.  D.  stem  2-leaved,  leaves  ternate,  petiolate, 
leaflets  linear,  sublanceolate,  acute,  entire,  mar- 
gin asperate,  ciliatc;  radical  leaflets  ovate-ob- 
long, incisely  and  grossly  toothed.  Obs.  The 
smallest  species  with  which  I  am  acquainted. 
Root  concatenately  and  also  simply  tuberous, 
tubers  oblong,  dentoid.  One  radical  leaf  always 
present  upon  a  long  petiole  arising  from  the  base 
of  the  scape,  deeply  toothed,  dentures  obtuse, 
with  a  small  abrupt  point;  cauline  leaflets  very 
rarely  subserrate,  generally  entire,  invariably 
ciliated,  nearly  linear,  more  than  an  inch  long, 
and  only  about  2  lines  wide.  Corymb  small, 
about  9-flowered;  flowers  pale  purple,  nearly 
the  size  of  those  of  Cardamine  pratehsis,  petals 
oblong,  entire,  longer  than  the  stamina.  Flow- 
ering in  June.  Figure  Pluk.  Amalth.  t.  435.  f. 
2.  ?  but  in  this  figure  the  leaves  are  a  little 
toothed. — Natt. 
D.  heterophyiia,  Nutt. 

In  the  shady  fir  woods  on  the  banks  of  the  Wissahickon ; 
Mr.  Nuttall.  I  have  not  met  with  it. 

300.  BARBAREA.  R.  Brown.  (  Crucifer<e.) 

Silique  4-sided-ancipital.  Cotyledones  ac- 
cumbent.  Seeds  in  a  single  series.  Calix 
erect.  Glands  disposed  at  the  internal  base 
of  the  shorter  filaments. — R.  Brown. 
Hort.  Kew.  4.  p.  109. 

vulgaris.       i#  B.  leaves  lyrately  pinnatifid  :  stem  branched  ; 
flowers  yellow,  terminally  racemose. — Nutt, 
Barbarea  vulgaris,  R.  Brown. 
Erysimum  Barbarea,  L. 

Water  Cress. 

From  fifteen  inches  to  two  feet  high,  bearing-  a  profusion  of 
elegant  flowers.  The  plant  is  eaten  in  its  young  state  at  our 
tables  as  a  sallad,  under  the  above  English  name.     On  the 


TETRADYNAMIA,  SILIQUOSA.  55 

retired  banks  of  the  Wissahickon,  and  on  the  edges  of  grassy- 
lanes,  not  unfrequent.     Perennial.     June,  July. 

301.  SISYMBRIUM.  Gen.  pi.  1089.  (Cruciferx.) 

Silique  terminated  by  a  short  terete  rostrum, 
valves  nearly  straight,  not  elastic.  Calix 
and  corolla  spreading. — Nutt. 

1.  S.  siliques  declinate,  oblong-ovate;    leaves  ob-  amphibium.  ^ 
long-lanceolate    or  pinnatifid,   serrate,  petals 

longer  tban  the  calix. — Willd. 
Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  984. 

Water  Radish. 

From  fifteen  inches  to  three  feet  high.  Whole  plant  of  a 
very  yellow-green.  Flowers  small,  yellow.  Leaves  subject  to 
be  eaten  by  insects.  On  the  margins  of  our  rivers  and  creeks ; 
and  along  the  borders  of  dirty  ditches,  very  common.  Peren- 
nial. July,  August. 

2.  S.  silique  declinate,  leaves   pinnate ;    leaflets  ruigare. 
lanceolate,  incisely  serrate.  L. 

S.  vulgare,  Pers. 
S.  sylvestre,  L. 

Creeping  Water-cress. 

Scarcely  more  than  a  foot  or  fifteen  inches  high.  Flowers 
yellow,  and  not  unhandsome.  This  plant  covers  large  patches 
of  ground  on  the  low  wet  margins  of  the  Delaware,  just  above 
Kensington;  and  it  has  every  appearance  of  being  a  native 
there.  It  is  not  improbable,  however,  that  it  has  been  acci- 
dentally introduced  in  that  neighbourhood,  where  at  least  it  is 
unequivocally  naturalized.  I  have  this  summer  found  young 
leafing  specimens  four  miles  higher  up  the  Delaware.  Peren- 
nial.    July. 

302.  ERYSIMUM.  Gen.  pi.  1090.  (Cruafercc.) 

Silique  columnar,  4-sided.     Calix  closed. 

1.  E.  siliques  of  the  spike  adpressed,  leaves  unci-  officinale.  »- 
nate. — WiLld. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  560. 


56  TETRADYNAMIA,  SILIQUOSA. 

Officinale  Hedge-mustard. 

A  straggling  plant,  with  very  small  yellow  flowers,  and  a 
hot  pungent  taste.  About  a  foot  or  two  feet  high.  On  the 
borders  of  fields  and  along  fences,  every  where  common. 
Annual.     July. 


303.  ARABIS.  Gen.  pi.  1049.  (Crucifene.) 

Silique  linear  (mostly  compressed)  crowned 
with  the  subsessile  stigma;  valves  venose 
or  nerved.  Seeds  disposed  in  a  single  se- 
ries. Cotyledones  accumbent.  Calix  erect. 
— R.  Brown.  Hort.  Kew.  4.  p.  104. 


thaliann. 


1.  A.  radical  leaves  oblong,  petiolate ;  stem  leaves 
lanceolate,  sessile;    stem  erect,  hairy  at  the 
base ;  petals  twice  the  length  of  the  calix. — 
Willd. 
Icon.  Curt.  Fl.  Lond.  2.  t.  49. 


Mouse-ear  Wall-cress  or  Turkey-pod, 

From  six  to  ten  inches  high.  Flowers  small,  white.  In  sandy 
fields,  woods  and  road-sides,  every  where  common.  Annual. 
April  till  July. 

2.  A.  leaves  glabrous,  radical  ones  lyrate,  those 
of  the  stem  linear. — Willd. 

Lijre-leaved  Wall-cress. 

About  the  size  of  the  preceding,  but  has  much  larger  flow- 
ers— also  white  On  all  the  high  rocks  of  the  neighbourhood, 
at  the  roots  of  trees  in  the  woods  of  Jersey,  and  in  fields  and 
dry  road-sides,  every  where  abundant.  It  flowers  often  when 
snow  is  on  the  ground  in  March,  and  continues  in  bloom  till 
July.     Annual. 


faicata.        3.  A.  leaves  lanceolate,  narrow  at  each  end,  re- 
motely dentate,  hastate-sessile ;  siliques  pendu- 
lous, two-edged,  scythe-shaped. — Mich. 
A.  Canadensis,  Mich. 


TETR ADYNAMIA,  SILIQU08A,  57 

Turritis  foliis  lanceolatis,  dentatis,  &c. 
Icon.  Piuk.  aim.  t.  86.  f.  8.  Gron.  Virg. 

Sickle-leaved  Wall-cress. 

A  large  species,  being-  often  two  or  three  feet  high.  Flow- 
ers white,  larger  than  those  of  Turritis  laevigata.  Siliques  ar- 
cuate, rigid,  a  little  better  than  an  eighth  of  an  inch  broad, 
with  a  line  on  each  side.  On  the  rocks  bordering  Schuylkill, 
not  common.     Perennial.     May. 

4.  A.  leaves  glabrous,  rhomboid,  repand-obsolcte,  rhomiwidea.  , 
dentate;  the  lower  ones  on  long  petioles,  root 
tuberous. — Pers. 

A.  rhomboidea,  Pers.  and  Pursh. 

A.  bulbosa,  Muhl. 

A.  amara,  Banks.  (Pursh.) 

Cardamine  rotundifolium,  Mich  ? 

Bulbous-rooted  Wall-cress  or  Turkey-pod. 

From  ten  to  fifteen  inches  high.  Flowers  large,  white  ; 
root  tuberous.  Along  the  marshy  borders  of  the  Delaware : 
on  the  borders  of  the  Schuylkill  and  Wissahickon ;  in  mea- 
dows near  rivulets  and  in  ditches;  common.  Perennial.  March, 
April. 

304.  TURRITIS.  Gen.pl.  1095.  (Cruciferx.) 

Silique  elongated,  ancipital ;  valves  nervose 
or  carinate.  Seeds  disposed  in  a  double  se- 
ries. Cotyledones  accumbent. — R.  Brown. 

1.  T.  leaves  glabrous,  radical  ones  obovate,  ser-  laevigata,  w 
rate,  those  of  the  stem  lanceolate- linear,  very 
entire,  amplexicaule. — Willd. 

Smooth  Tower -mustard. 

From  one  foot  to  two  feet  high,  very  smooth.  Flowers  yel- 
lowish-white, small.  The  plant  resembles  Arabis  falcata.  It 
differs  however,  strikingly  in  fruit.  Siliques  from  three  to  four 
inches  long,  very  numerous,  quite  flat,  straight  and  little  more 
than  one-sixteenth  of  an  inch  broad.  On  the  high  shady  banks  of 
the  Schuylkill,  east  side,  about  a  mile  or  two  south  of  the  falls.  I 
have  found  it  sparingly  on  the  west  side  above  the  falls,  on 
rocks;  rare.    Biennial.     April,  May. 

6* 


MONADELPHIA. 

LOBELIA. 
GERANIUM. 

SIDA. 

MALVA. 

HIBISCUS. 


C  60] 


CLASS  XV.— MONADELPHIA. 


ORDER  I.    PENTANDRIA. 

305.  LOBELIA.  Gen.  pi.  1363.  {Lobeliacex.) 

Calix  5-cleft.  Corolla  monopetalous,  irregu- 
lar, on  the  upper  side  cleft  nearly  to  its  base. 
Stamina  united  into  a  tube.  Stigma  2- 
lobed  ;  involucrate !  involucrum  (or  indu- 
sium)  bearded.  Capsule  inferior  or  semi- 
superior,  2  or  3-celled,  opening  at  the  sum- 
mit.    Seeds  minute,  scabrous. — JSTutt. 

v  ciaytoniana.  1.  L.  erect,  simple,  subpubesceiit ;  leaves  oblong, 
somewhat  obtuse,  radical  ones  entire,  those  of 
the  stem  above,  denticulate;  raceme  virgate, 
bractes  subulate. — Mich,  and  Pursh. 

L.  spicata,  Lamark. 

Rapuntium  foliis  villosis  mollibus,  &c.  Gron.  Virg. 

Clayton's  Lobelia. 

About  eighteen  inches  high ;  flowers  blue.  In  cultivated 
fields  and  woods,  common.     Perennial.     July,  August. 

KaimiL  2.  L.  slender,  erect,  somewhat  simple ;  radical 
leaves  spathulate,  stem  leaves  linear,  very 
sligbtly  denticulate ;  flowers  racemose,  alter- 
nate, remote,  pedicellate. — Willd. 

A  delicate  species,  about  a  foot  high,  with  blue  flowers.  In 
fields  and  meadows,  common.     Annual.     July,  August. 

Does  this  plant  differ  from  the  one  below,  which  I  have  quot- 
ed on  the  authority  of  Mr.  Nuttall  ?  The  plant  intended  by  me 
referred  to  the  above  name,  was  considered  by  Dr.  Muhlenberg 
the  Kalmii,  and  without  any  doubt.  Mr.  Nuttall  makes  this 
different ;  and  as  the  plant  has  not  flowered  since  I  have  seen 


M0NADELPH1A,  PENTANDRIA.  61 

his  work,  I  have  consequently  no  opportunity  of*  examining 
more  accurately.  The  plant  described  by  Mr.  Nuttall  as  gra- 
cilis, is  the  one  so  common  in  Jersey,  and  is  the  same  intend- 
ed by  me  in  the  present  head.  It  appears  to  be  Willdenow's 
Kalmii,  as  it  certainly  is  Muhlenberg's. 

[L.  stem  erect,  minutely  scabrous,  simple  or  fill-  gracilis.  y 
formly  branched ;  leaves  oblong-linear,  mi- 
nutely denticulate,  partly  obtuse  and  remote; 
flowers  slenderly  racemose,  distant;  peduncle 
coloured,  shorter  than  the  flower,  bibi-acteate  at 
the  base-f  segments  of  the  calix  subulate,  lon- 
ger than  the  capsule  which  is  obtuse  below. 
Obs.  The  radical  leaves  are  spathulate  and 
mostly  hirsute;  stem  leaves  remote,  sessile, 
scarcely  ever  exceeding  an  inch  in  length.  Stem 
filiform,  often  somewhat  flexuous,  but  erect. 
Peduncles  only  2  or  3  lines  long,  in  the  flower 
blue;  segments  of  the  calix  nearly  double  the 
length  '  the  capsule.  Flower  blue;  palate  of 
the  lower  lip  marked  with  2  acute  white  lines, 
and  2  greenish  spots  with  2  others  also  near  the 
base  of  the  tube.  The  root  is  slender  but  appa- 
rently perennial. — Nutt.] 

5.  L.  erect,  branched,  very  hirsute;  leaves  ovate, infl»ta. 
serrate ;    racemes   leafy,    capsules    inflated. — 

mad. 

Icon.  Bart.  Veg.  Mat.  Med.U.  S.  vol.  1. 1.  16. 
Indian  Tobacco.     Wild  Tobacco.     Emetic-weed. 

An  ordinary  looking  plant,  of  a  grey  aspect,  from  one  foot 
to  eighteen  inches  high,  having  large  inflated  capsules  and 
small  blue  flowers.  Possesses  powerful  medicinal  virtues. 
(See  Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S.)  In  pastures,  neglected  fields,  and 
on  road-sides,  every  where  frequent.  Annual.  From  June 
till  September. 

4.  L.  erect,  simple,  a  little  hairy;  leaves  ovafe-  siphiiinca.  < 
lanceolate,   subserratc,  raceme  leafy ;    calices 


62  MOXADELPHIA,  DECANDRIA. 

hirsute,  with  the  divisions  reflexed. — Jfft/d.  and 
Pursh. 
Icon.  Wood  vihVs  Med.  Bot.  vol.  l.p.  177.  t.  63. 

A  very  elegant  plant,  from  eighteen  inches  to  three  feet 
high.  Flowers  Prussian-blue,  very  large,  and  handsome. 
Possesses  medicinal  virtues,  and  has  been  much  celebrated. 
On  the  east  margin  of  the  Schuylkill,  a  mile  or  two  south  of 
the  falls  ;  and  in  swamps  eight  or  ten  miles  from  this  city,  west. 
Not  common.  Perennial.   July,  August. 

cardiuaiis.     5.  L.  erect,  simple,  pubescent ;   leaves  ovate-lan- 
ceolate-acuminate,   erose-denticulate;     raceme 
subsecund,  many-flowered,  the   organs  longer 
than  the  corolla. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  320. 

Cardinal  Plant. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  superb  plants  of  the  United  States; 
it  is  highly  deserving  cultivation  in  gardens,  where  with  a  little 
attention  it  thrives  exceedingly  well.  Flowers  rich  velvety- 
crimson.  Plant  from  fifteen  inches  to  three  feet  high.  On  the 
marshy  borders  of  all  our  waters  and  ditches.  In  low  wet  mea- 
dows and  watery  thickets;  abundant.  Perennial.  July,  August. 

pallida.  6.    xj. 

L.  pallida,  Muhl. 

L.  goodenoides,  Willd. 

I  have  a  specimen  of  a  lobelia,  common  in  this  neighbour- 
hood, marked  by  Dr.  Muhlenberg,  "  L.  pallida,"  with  which 
he  makes  the  L.  goodenoides,  Willd.  synonymous.  I  know  not 
in  what  this  pallida  differs  from  Claytoniana,  which  Pursh 
makes  synonymous  with  the  goodenoides,  of  Willd.  For  the 
present  I  leave  it  undecided. 


ORDER  III.  DECANDRIA. 

306.  GERANIUM.  Gen.  pi.  1118.  (Gerania.) 

Calix  5 -leaved.  Petals  5,  regular.  JVecta- 
rium  5  melliferous  glands  ad n ate  to  the 
base  of  the  longer  lilameuts.      Arilli  5, 


MONADELPHIA,  DECANDRIA.  63 

1 -seeded,  tuvned,  awns  naked  and  straight. 
Nutt. 

1.  G.  erect,  rctrorsely  pubescent ;    stem   dichoto-macu,aturn-  v- 
mous;     leaves    opposite,    3 -5 -parted,    incised, 

upper  ones  sessile  ;    peduncles  elongated,  two- 
flowered,  petals  obovate. —  Willd. 
Icon.  Bart.  Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S.  vol.  1. 1.  13. 

Wild-geranium,      Common  Crane' 's -bill.      Spotted 
Crane's-bill. 

A  fine  showy  species,  with  large  purple  flowers.  About 
fifteen  or  eighteen  inches  high.  Possesses  medicinal  virtues. 
(See  Veg.  Mat.  .Med.  U.  S.)  In  shady  woods,  meadows,  bor- 
ders of  fields,  and  in  hedges;  very  common.  Perennial.  June, 
July. 

2.  G.  diffuse,  pubescent;  leaves  opposite,  5-lobed,  caroiinian- 
trifid,  incised;  peduncles  2-flowered,  S!tbiasci-um* 
culate;    petals  emarginate,  of  the  length  of  the 

awns  of  tbe  calix,  arillus,  villose. —  Willd,  and 

Pursh. 
G.  Carolinianum,  /3.  album,  Mubl. 
G.  lanuginosum,  Jacq.  hort.  scarce  nb.  2.  t.  140. 

(Pursh.) 

White -flowered  Crane's-bill. 

Almost  procumbent,  but  very  spreading.  Flowers  quite 
small,  white.  In  the  sandy  fields  of  Jersey,  and  cultivated  fields 
elsewhere  ;  common.  Biennial.  July. 

3.  G.  peduncles  two-flowered,  longer  than  the  leaf,  coiumbinum, 
leaves  5-parted  ;    lobes  multifid,  linear,  petals 
emarginate:  capsules  smooth,  seeds  reticulate. 

— Smith,  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

A  small  species,  scarcely  exceeding  six  inches  in  height, 
with  deep  purple  flowers  on  a  very  long  peduncle.  On  the 
borders  of  fields  and  thickets,  near  Woodbury ;  common.  I 
have  not  found  it  elsewhere.  Annual.     July. 

4.  G.  peduncles  2-fiowered,  flowers  pentandrous,  rwafam. 
petals  emarginate,  of  the  length  of  the  awn  less 


64  MONADELPHIA,  POLYANDRIA. 

calix:  loaves  sub-7-lobed,  trifid;  arillus  pubes- 
cent.— JVilld. 

Smallest -Jlowered  Crane's-bill. 

This  species  has  very  minute  purple  flowers.  On  the  road- 
sides close  to  Kaighn's  point,  and  in  other  similar  places  of 
Jersey;  rare.  Annual.  June. 


ORDER  IV.  POLYANDRIA. 

307.  SID  A.  Gen.  pi.  1129.  (Malvacea.)  # 

Calix   5-cleft,    simple.     Style   multipartite. 
Capsules  many^  1  or  3-seeded. 

spinosa.  1.  S.  stem  spreading,  axills  subspinous,  leaves  on 
long  petioles,  ovate-lanceolate,  obsoletely  cor- 
date-dentate; peduncles  solitary,  axillary ;  sti- 
pules setaceous,  longer  than  the  peduncle ;  cap- 
sules birostrate. — Willd, 
Pluk.  aim.  t.  9.  f.  6. 


Thormj  Indian  Mallow. 

About  a  foot  high.  Flowers  yellow.  In  and  about  Camden, 
and  on  road-sides  and  among  rubbish,  both  in  Jersey  and  west 
of  the  Delaware.  Not  uncommon.  Annual.  July. 

AbutUon,      2.  S.  leaves  subrotund-cordate,   acuminate,  den- 
tate, tomentose;  peduncles  solitary,  shorter  than 
the   petiole;   capsules  bi-aristate,    truncate. — 
Willd. 
Icon.  Schkuhr.  handb.  190.  (Pursh.) 

Round-leaved  Indian  Mallow. 

From  one  to  four  orfive  feet  high.  Leaves  soft.  Flowers  pale- 
yellow.  In  cultivated  grounds  and  in  wastes,  every  where  very 
common.  Annual.  Julv.  August. 


MONADELPHIA,  POLYANDRIA.  65 

308.  MALVA.  Gen.  pi.  1134.  (Malvacex.) 

Calix  tlouble;  the  exterior  mostly  3-leaved. 
Petals  5.  Capsules  many,  1- seeded,  dis- 
posed orbicularly. — Nutt. 

1.  M.  stem  prostrate;  leaves  cordate-orbiculate, rotumiifoiia.  • 
obsoletely  5-lobed;  peduncles  of  the  fruit  decli- 
n  ate. — Willd. 
Icon.  FT.  Dan.  721. 

Round-leaved  Mallow. 

An  Introduced  and  well-known  weed,  found  always  among 
rubbish,  near  habitations,  and  in  cultivated  grounds,  where  it 
is  perfectly  naturalized.  Perennial.  All  summer. 

309.  HIBISCUS.  Gen.  pi.  1139.  (Malvace*.) 

Calix  double;  exterior  many-leaved.  Stigmas 
mostly  5.  Capsule  5-celled,  many-seeded. 

1.  H.  leaves  broad-ovate,  obtusely  serrate,  sub-  paiustm.    w 
trilobed,  3-nerved,  tomentose  beneath ;  pedun- 
cles axillary,  longer  than  the  petiole. — Willd. 
Icon.  Cavan.  Diss.  3.  t.  65.  f.  2. 

Marsh  Hibiscus. 

This  elegant  plant  is  very  ornamental  to  our  swamps  and 
water-sides.  From  two  to  four  feet  high.  Flowers  very  large, 
reddish-purple;  rarely  white.  Along  the  Delaware,  on  either 
side,  below  the  city;  very  abundant.  Perennial.  August,  Sep- 
tember. . 


VOL.    II. 


DIADELPHIA. 


CORYDALIS. 

POLYGALA. 

LUPTNUS. 

CROTALARIA. 

LATHYRUS. 

VICIA. 

TRIFOLIUM. 

STYLOSANTHES. 

LESPEDEZA. 


HEDYSARUM. 
^SCHYNOMENE. 
-  PHASEOLUS. 
APIOS. 
GLYCINE. 
GALACTIA. 
CLITORIA. 
ROBINIA. 
TEPHROSIA. 


[68  j 


CLASS  XVI.— DIADELPHIA. 
ORDER  II.  HEXANDRIA. 

310.  CORYDALIS.  Vent,  choix  de  pi.  19.  (Papaveracea.) 

Calix  2-leaved.  Corolla  ringent.  Filaments 
2,  membranaceous,  each  bearing  3  anthers. 
Capsule  siliquose,  many  seeded. — JSFutt. 

1 .  C.  scape  naked,  raceme  simple,  secund ;  nec- 
taries divaricate,  the  length  of  the  corolla,  style 
included ;  root  bulbous. — Pers. 

Fumaria  Cucullaria,  Willd.  and  Mich. 
Bicucullata  Canadensis,  Marchant. 
Diclytra  Canadensis,  Bosc. 
Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  1127. 

Dutch-mans9  Breeches, 

A  very  elegant  plant ;  with  cream-coloured  flowers,  on  a 
naked  scape.  On  the  high  woody  banks  of  the  Schuylkill, 
east  side,  a  little  south  of  the  falls,  in  the  greatest  profusion. 
Perennial.    April. 

2.  C.  stem  branched,  diffused ;  leaves  bipinnate, 
folioles  divided,  linear-lanceolate,  acute  at  each 
end;  racemes  leaning  one  way;  bractes  broad- 
lanceolate,  sub-denticulate;  siliques  terete,  tur- 
gid, twice  the  length  of  the  peduncle. — Willd. 
enum. 


5laucn. 


Golden-Jlowered  Corydalis. 

Flowers  smaller  than  the  preceding,  and  of  a  golden-yellow. 
On  the  high  rocks  bordering  the  Wissahickon ;  rare.  Also 
on  the  east  banks  of  the  Schuylkill,  two  miles  above  the  falls, 
but  scarce.     Annual.    April,  May. 

3.  C.  stem  branched,  erect;  leaves  glaucous,  those 
of  the  stem  biternate  ;  racemes  subcorymbose, 


DIADELPHIA,  OCTANDRIA.  69 

bractes  minute,  siliques  linear,  thrice  as  long  a9 
the  peduncle. — Pers. 
Fumaria  sempervirens,  Willd. 
Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  179. 

On  the  banks  of  the  Schuylkill  above  the  falls;  and  on  the 
Wissahickon  above  Langstroth's  Mills;  rare.  Annual  or  Bien- 
nial. 


ORDER  III.— OCTANDRIA. 

311.  POLYGALA.  Gen.  pi.  115.  (Pediculares.) 

Calix  5 -leaved  ;  %  of  the  leaves  in  the  form 
of  wings,  and  coloured.  Capsule  obcor- 
date,  2-celled,  2-valved. — Nutt. 

1.  P.  stem  simple  or  branched ;    lower  and  radi-  i^a.     » 
cal  leaves  spathulate,  the  rest  lanceolate ;  spike 
cylindrical-capitate,  crowded  with  flowers,  pe- 
dunculated.— Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Pluk.  amalth.  t.  438.  f.  6. 

Fellow -flowered  Milk-wort. 

About  ten  or  twelve  inches  high.  Flower-heads  yellow.  In 
bogs  near  Haddonfield,  Jersey.     Rare. 

2.  P.  stem  fastigiately    branched ;    leaves  alter-  purpurea. 
nate,  oblong-linear ;    flowers  beardless,  imbri- 
cated in  obtuse  cylindric  spikes ;    rachis  squar- 

rose ;  wings  of  the  calix  cordate-ovate,  erect, 

twice  as  long  as  the  capsule. — Nutt. 
P.  purpurea,  Nutt. 
P.  sanguinea,  Mich,  and  Pursh. 
P.  sanguinea,  Bart.  Prod.  Fl.  Ph. 

From  three  to  ten  inches  high.  Flowers  reddish -purple, 
in  terminal  oblong-oval  capituli.  In  the  boggy  grounds  of 
the  Wopdlands ;  abundant.  In  low  grounds  and  fields  of  Jersey ; 
common.  This  plant  has  been  considered  the  real  P.  san- 
guinea of  L..,  but  according  to  Mr.  Nuttall  it  differs  specifi- 
cally.   Annual.    July,  August. 

7# 


TQ  MADELPHIA,  OCTANDRIA. 

sanguinea.  3.  P.  stem  fastigiately  branched  ;  leaves  alternate, 
narrow-linear;  flowers  beardless,  disposed  in 
long  and  crowded  spikes;  rachis  squarrose; 
calicine  wings  obovate,  the  length  of  the  capsule. 
— Nutt. 
P.  sanguinea,  L.,  not  of  Mich,  and  Pursh. 
Pluk.  Mant.  153.  t.  438.  f.  5. 

A  smaller  plant  than  No.  2.  Leaves  narrow,  short;  spikes 
becoming  finally,  two  or  three  inches  long.  Flowers  dark 
red,  mingled  with  yellow  and  green.  In  the  woods  near  Wood- 
bury, Jersey ;  not  uncommon.  Annual.  July,  August. 

vevticiiiata.  4.  P.  leaves  verticillate,  linear  and  remote ;  flow- 
ers cristate,  greenish ;  calicine  wings  roundish, 
nearly  veinless,  and  shorter  than  the  fruit  to 
which  they  are  appressed;  spikes  pedunculate, 
subacute;  bractes  deciduous;  stem  erect  and 
branched. — Nutt. 

Icon.  Pluk.  Mant.  t.  438.  f.  4. 


From  six  to  twelve  inches  high,  very  much  branched.  Flow- 
ers small,  white  and  pale-red.  In  open  woods,  common.  An- 
nual. June,  August. 

ambigua.  5.  p.  first  leaves  verticillate,  linear,  the  rest  al- 
ternate ;  stem  virgately  branched ;  spikes  acute, 
upon  very  long  peduncles ;  flowers  cristate,  pur- 
plish; calicine  wings  round  and  venose,  equal 
wTith  the  fruit  to  which  they  are  appressed; 
bractes  deciduous. — Nutt. 
P.  ambigua,  Nutt. 

Hitherto  confounded  with  No.  4,  which  it  closely  resem- 
bles. In  woods,  road-sides  and  the  borders  of  cultivated  fields; 
not  uncommon.  Annual.  July,  August. 


DIADELPHIA,  DECANDRIA.  71 


ORDER  IV.  DECANDRIA. 

312.  LUPINUS.  Gen.  pi.  1176.  (Ltgwninone.) 

Calix  bilabiate.  Five  of  the  anthers  oblong, 
and  5  partly  round.  Legume  coriaceous, 
torulose. — Nutt. 

1.  L.  perennial,  repent;  stem  and  leaves  smooth- perennis. 
ish;' leaves  digitate ;  folioles  (8-9)  lanceolate, 
somewhat  obtuse;  cahces  alternate,  without  ap- 
pendices ;    upper  lip  emarginate,  lower  one  en- 
tire.—  Willd.  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  202. 

Perennial  Lupin. 

From  one  foot  to  eighteen  inches  high.  Flowers  fine  purple. 
This  elegant  plant  ought  to  be  cultivated  in  gardens.  In  the 
woods  of  Jersev,  every  where  abundant.  Perennial.  May  till 
July. 

313.  CROTALARIA.  Gen.  pi.  1172.  (Leguminosx.) 

Vex  ilium  large  and  cordate;  carina  acumi- 
nate. Filaments  united  in  one  body,  with 
a  dorsal  fissure.  Legume  pedicellate,  tur- 
gid.— Nutt. 

1.  C.  hirsute,  erect,  branched ;  leaves  simple,  ob-  sagittal.*. 
long-lanceolate;  stipules  lanceolate-acuminate, 
decurrent ;  racemes  opposite-leaved,  sub-3-flow- 
ered  ;  corollas  smaller  than  the  calix. —  JFilld. 

CI  sagittalis,  /3.  oblonga,  Mich. 

Arrow  Rattle-box. 

From  four  to  ten  inches  high.  Flowers  yellow.  The  pods 
are  indigo-blue  or  black,  and  very  hard,  so  that  the  seed  con- 
tained within,  rattle  against  the  sides ;  hence  the  name.  In  the 
sandy  fields  of  Jersey,  very  abundant.  In  a  stony  field  above 
the  falls  of  Schuylkill  and  elsewhere,  frequent.  Annual.  July. 


72 


DIADELPHIA,  DECANDRIA. 

314.  LATHYRUS.  Gen.  pi.  1186.  (Leguminosa.) 

Style  flat,  broader  above  and  villous  on  the 
upper  side.  The  upper  segments  of  the 
calix  shorter. — JSTutt. 


myrtifoiiuj.  \9  L#  stem  naked,  tetragonous ;  stipules  semi-sa- 
gittate, lanceolate-acuminate ;  folioles  4,  oblong- 
lanceolate,  acute,  mucronate,  venose-reticulate ; 
peduncles  longer  than  the  leaf,  sub -3 -flowered. 
— Willd.  ^  •     ~ 

Myrtle-leaved  Pea-vine. 

Flowers  pale  purple.  Among  the  large  autumnal  plants 
in  the  marshy  borders  of  the  Delaware ;  common.  Perennial. 
July,  August.  s? 

'  315.  VICIA.  Gen.  pi.  1187.  (Legumi?iosa.) 

Stigma  transversely  bearded  on  the  under  . 
side.       Calix   emarginate   and   bidentate 
above,  the    3   lower   dentures   long   and 
straight.      Vexillum  emarginate. — JSTutt. 

Americana.  i.  V.  peduncles  many-flowered,  shorter  than  the 
leaf;  stipules  semi-sagittate,  dentate  ;  folioles 
8-12,  elliptic-lanceolate,  obtuse,  glabrous.— 
Willd. 

American  Vetch. 

Resembles  Lathyris  palustris,  somewhat.  Flowers  purple. 
On  the  Schuylkill  above  Lemon-hill;  rare.  Perennial.  July. 


C race a? 


2.  V.  spikes  many-flowered,  retrorsely  imbricated, 
longer  than  the  leaf;  stipules  semi-sagittate, 
linear-subulate,  very  entire;  folioles  numerous, 
lanceolate-oblong,  pubescent. — Willd.  Sf  Pursh. 

Flowers  blue.  Resembles  No.  1,  but  much  more  rare.     In 
watery  thickets,  scarce.  Perennial.  July. 


DIADELPHIA,  DECANDRIA. 

316.  TRIF0L1UM.  Gen.  pi.  1211.  (Leguminosx.) 

Flowers  subcapitate. — Legume  valveless,  co- 
vered by  the  calix,  2  to  4-seeded. 

1.  T.  procumbent,  pubescent;    folioles   obovate,  reflexum. 
stipules  oblique  cordate;   capituii  many-flower- 
ed, flowers  pedicellate,  all  finally  reflexed;  le- 
gumens  sub-3-seeded. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Baffaloe  Clover. 

A  handsome  species,  with  large  rosaceous  flowers.  On  the 
bluff  bordering  the  Schuylkill,  Woodlands ;  rare.  Perennial. 
June. 

2.  T.  repent ;    folioles  ovate-oblong,  emarginate,  repew. 
serrulate ; capituii  umbelled,calicine  teeth  nearly 
equal ;  legumens4-seeded. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  990. 

White  Clover. 

A  well-known  clover  with  white  flowers.  In  pastures,  com- 
mons, woods,  and  on  new-cleared  grounds ;  every  where 
abundant.   Perennial.     May  till  September. 

3.  T.  spikes  dense;  stem  adscending ;  corollas  un-  pratense. 
equal ;  four  of  the  calix  teeth  equal ;  stipules 
awned. — Smith. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  989. 

Red  Clover. 

Common  red  clover,  though  not  a  native,  is  completely  na- 
turalized. In  pastures,  on  commons,  and  in  woods.  Perennial. 
All  summer. 

4.  T.  erect,  very  much  branched,  villous;  folioles  arvense. 
linear-lanceolate,  serrulate  at  the  apex;  stipules 
connate,  subulate  at  the  apex;  spikes  very  vil- 
lose,  subcylindrical;  calicine  teeth  longer  than 

the  corolla. —  JVilld. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  724.  Curt.  fl.  Lond.  50. 


74  DIADELPHIA,  DECANDRIA. 

Hares'1 -foot.    BulVs  Clover, 

From  ten  to  twelve  inches  high.  Capituli  reddish.  In  fields 
of  Jersey  in  the  greatest  profusion,  rendering  them  quite  red 
at  a  distance.  This  plant  is  said  to  be  medicinal,  and  it  is 
brought  to  our  markets  for  use  in  domestic  medicine.  It  is 
found  in  cultivated  grounds,  and  on  the  edges  of  open  woods, 
every  where.  Flowers  white,  with  red  spots.  Annual.  July 
till  September. 

agrarium.  5.  T.  erect,  subpubescent ;  folioles  lanceolate-cu- 
neate,  obtuse,  the  intermediate  sessile  ;  stipules 
lanceolate,  acute ;  spikes  oval,  imbricate ;  vex- 
illum  deflexed,  persistent;  calicine  teeth  subu- 
late, glabrous,  unequal. —  Willd. 

T.  aureum,  Pollich.  fl.  palat.  708. 

T.  strepens,  Crantz.  fl.  aust.  411.  m.  8.  (Pursh.) 
Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  558. 


Large  Hop-trefpil. 

About  twelve  or  fifteen  inches  high,  with  bright  golden- 
yellow  capituli.  This  elegant  species  I  have  only  found  along 
the  course  of  the  Schuylkill,  west  side,  in  woods.  In  the  woods 
near  Mantua  and  Powelton,  abundant.  Annual.  June,  August. 

procumbens.  6.  T.  procumbent;  stem  hairy,  folioles  obovate, 
emarginate,  glabrous;  stipules  lanceolate-acu- 
minate, pubescent  or  ciliate ;  capituli  oval,  im- 
bricate ;  vexillum  deflexed,  persistent,  furrow- 
ed. B. 

T.  procumbens,  Schreber. 

T.  minus,  Smith? 

Small  Hop-trefoil. 

Intermediate  in  size  between  No.  5,  and  No.  7;  procumbent. 
Capituli  pale  straw -yellow,  ovate ;  stipules  and  stem  very  pu- 
bescent.   In  Jersey,  on  commons  and  in  pastures ;  frequer 
July,  August. 

minimus.      7.  T.   semi-procumbent ;  stem  glabrous ;  folioles 
long-cuneate,  emarginate,  denticulate,  glabrous; 
stipules  ovate-acuminate,  peduncles  filiform,  ca- 
pituli nearly  round,  vexillum  deflexed.  B. 
Is  this  T.  campestre,  Muhl.  Cat.? 


DIADELPHIA,  DECANDR1  A.  75 

Least  Hop-trefoil. 

Stem  from  an  inch  or  two  long-,  to  thirteen  inches,  always 
glabrous.  I  have  found  this  species  common  in  Jersey,  particu- 
larly near  Woodbury,  on  commons  and  in  pastures.     July. 

317.  STYLOSA^THES.  [Swartz.]  Gen.  pi.  1203.  (Leguminos*.) 

Calix  tubulous  and  very  long,  bearing  the  co- 
rolla. Germ  beneath  the  corolla.  Loment 
with  1  or  2  articulations,  hooked. — Nutt. 

1.  S.  stem  pubescent ;  folioles  lanceolate-glabrous ;  eiatior. 

bractes  lanceolate-cilliate  ;  capituli  2-3-flower- 

ed. — Mich. 
Stylosanthes  elatior,  Swartz. 
S.  hispida,  /3.  hispidissima,  Mich. 
Trifolium  biflorum,  Sp.  PL  1088. 
Arachis  aprica,  Walt. 

Hispid  Stijlosanthes.  ^r 

From  six  to  twelve  inches  high.  Flowers  yellow.  In  sandy 
fields,  woods,  and  on  road-sides  in  Jersey;  every  where  com- 
mon. West  of  the  Delaware,  more  rare.  Perennial.  July, 
August. 

318.  LESPEDEZA.  Mich.  Fl.  Am.  (Leguminosce.) 

Calix  5-parted;  bibracteate  at  the  base,  seg- 
ments subequal.  Carina  transversely  ob- 
tuse. Loment  lenticular,  unarmed,  (^- 
seeded. — Mich. 

1.  L.  erect  and  somewhat  ramose ;  leaflets  ob-  lessiiiflora. 
long-oval,  obtuse;  fascicles  of  flowers  subses- 
sile,  axillary  ones  partly    racemose;    loment 
naked,  acute. 

Hedysarum  reticulatum,  Muhl. 

H.  sessiflorum,  Lam.  "-  *  -  , 

H.  junceum,  Walt. 

H.  reticulatum,  Willd. 

Medicago  Virginica,  Syst.  Veg. 


76 


capitata. 


polystachya. 


DIADELPHIA,  DECANDRIA. 

Veined-leaved  Lespedeza. 

A  slender  and  handsome  species,  from  one  to  two  feet  high. 
Flowers  purple.  In  the  borders  of  sandy  fields  in  Jersey ;  fre- 
quent.    Perennial.    July. 

2.  L.  erect,  simple;  leaves  subsessile;  folioles  el- 
liptical; spikes  capitate,  shortly  pedunculated, 
axillary  and  conglomerate-terminal;  calices  vil- 
lose,  the  length  of  the  corolla;  loments  much 
smaller  than  the  calix. — Mich,  and  Pursh. 

Lespedeza  fruticosa,  Pers. 

Hedysarum  frutescens,  L. 

Shrubby  Lespedeza. 

Almost  three  feet  high.  Flowers  white,  or  very  pale  purple. 
On  the  borders  of  fields  in  Jersey ;  not  unfrequent.  In  the 
hedges  near  Kaighn's  point.   ^  .  June,  July. 

jttfc  erect,  branched,  very  villose;  leaves  subses- 
JFe ;  folioles  rotund,  oval ;  spikes  axillary,  on 
long  peduncles ;  corolla  nearly  equal  to  the  ca- 
lix; loment  nearly  equal  to  the  calix. — Mich. 

Hedysarum  hirtum,  Willd. 
Icon.  Mich.  fl.  am.  2.  t.  40. 


violacea. 


About  the  same  height  as  the  preceding,  with  handsomer 
foliage.  Flowers  small,  white.  Grows  with  No.  3,  but  much 
more  rare.  \  .  June,  July. 


# 


L.  leaves  ternate,  elliptical,  obtuse;  racemes 
umbellate,  the  length  of  the  petiole;  flowers  in 
pairs;   loments  rhomboid-reticulate,  glabrous. 
— Willd. 
Hedysarum  violaceum,  Willd. 


Violet -flowered  Lespedeza. 

A  handsome  species,  with  violet-coloured  flowers.  In  sandy 
woods,  six  or  ten  miles  west  of  the  Delaware,  and  in  similar 
places  in  Jersey;  not  very  common.  Perennial.  July. 


DIADELPHIA,  DECANDRIA.  ! 

5.  L.  diffuse,  branched ;  folioles  oblong,  obtuse,  diverge™ 
adpressed,  hairy   below;  racemes  longer  than 
the  petiole  flowers,  in  pairs ;  loinents  ovate,  re- 
ticulate, smooth. — Pursh, 

Hedysarum  divergens,  Willd. 

Diverging  Lespedeza. 

Proximately  allied  to  No.  4,  but  certainly  a  distinct  species, 
and  not  a  mere  variety.  I  am  quite  familiar  with  this  plant, 
which  grows  in  such  profusion  in  the  vicinity  of  Lancaster.  It  is 
common  also  through  the  woods  of  Maryland,  and  near  the 
city  of  Washington,  in  all  which  places  it  preserves  its  charac- 
ters. Flowers  purple.  In  the  sandy  woods  near  Woodbury ; 
very  rare.  Perennial.  July. 


6.  L.  procumbent  and  slender,  every  where  pubes-  procumtem. 
cent,  but  more  particularly  the  stem  petioles, 

and  peduncles ;    leaflets  oval ;  peduncles  very 
long  and  setaceous;  raceme  short,  subumbell^ 
flowers  by  pairs,  distinct;  loment  oval,  nei 
smooth. — NutL 

Hedysarum  Lespedeza,  Lamark. 

H.  prostratum,  Willd.,  not  H.  divergens,  Willd. 
(See  Persoon's  Synopsis.) 

Trailing  Lespedeza, 

This  delicate  and  handsome  plant  is  one  of  the  commonest 
species  of  the  genus  in  this  vicinity,  being  found  every  where 
in  sandy  grounds  of  Jersey;  and  west  of  the  river.   Mr.  Pursh^ 
and  Mr.  Nuttall,  have,  besides  this  species,  L.  prostrata,  Willd.^ 
which  is  identical  with  the  present  plant.  Flowers  rosaceous- 
purple.  Perennial.  June,  July. 

7.  L.  leaves  ternate,  subrotund-eliiptical,  emar-  repa- 
ginate;   racemes  axillary;  loments  repand. — 
Willd. 

Hedysarum  repens,  Willd.  and  Muhl. 

A  delicate  and  pretty  species,  found  in  the  shady  woods  of 
Jersey,  and,  in  woods  above  the  falls  of  Schuylkill,  east  side. 
Perennial.  July. 

vol.  li.  8 


78  DIADELPHIA,  DECANDRIA. 

319.  HEDYSARUM.  Gen.  pi.  1204.  (Leguminosa.) 

Calix  5-cleft.  Carina  transversely  obtuse. 
Loment  of  several  articulations ;  joints  1- 
seeded,  compressed,  and  mostly  hispid. — 
Nutt. 


canadense.  i.  H.  erect,  smoothish ;  leaves  ternate,  oblongo- 
lanceolate;  stipules  filiform;  flowers  racemose; 
the  joints  of  the  loment  obtuse,  triangular,  his- 
pid.— Willd. 


About  two  and  a  half  feet  high.  Whole  plant  of  a  greyish- 
green.  Flowers  purplish.  In  woods  and  thickets,  common. 
Perennial.     July,  August. 

2.  H.  erect,  branched,  hairy ;  leaves  ternate,  ob- 
A*long,    villous  beneath;    stipules    subulate;    ra- 
^Hemes  paniculate ;  loments  tri-articulate,  joints 
rhomboid,  reticulate,  hairy. —  Willd. 
Icon.  Dill.  elth.  t.  174.  f.  171.  (Pursh.) 


Marilandi- 

cum. 


About  the  size  of  "No.  1.  Flowers  also  purplish.  In  similar 
places  with  the  preceding.  Not  uncommon.  Perennial.  July, 
August. 

viridifiorum.  3.  H.  erect,  branched,  pubescent ;  leaves  ternate, 
f   ovate-oblong,    scabrous    underneath ;    stipules 
lanceolate-cuspidate;  racemes  paniculate,  brac- 
teate;  loments  rough,  joints  oval. —  Willd, 
Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  308.  f.  5. 


Three,  or  three  and  a  half  feet  high.  Flowers  first  purple 
or  reddish,  and  afterwards  bluish-green.  In  woods,  and  on 
the  borders  of  neglected  fields,  common.  Perennial.  July, 
August. 

bracteosum.  4.  H.  erect,  glabrous ;    leaves  ternate,   oblong- 
oval,  acuminate;  stipules  subulate;  raceme  ter- 


DIADELPHIA,  DECANDRIA.  T9 

minal,  few-flowered  ;   bractes  ovate,  acuminate, 
striate,  glabrous;  joints  of  the  loment  suboval. 
— Mich,  and  Pursh. 
H.  cuspidatum,  Willd. 

A  very  large  species,  often  four  feet  high.  Pursh  has  de- 
scribed this  plant  and  the  H.  cuspidatum  severally — they  are 
identical.  In  open  woods  and  thickets,  not  uncommon.  On  the 
bluff' at  the  Woodlands,  abundant.  Flowers  large,  purplish-red. 
Perennial.    July  to  September. 

5.  H.  erect,  smoothish  ;  leaves  ternate,  ovate,  pu-  ciiiare. 
bescent  beneath,   ciliated  on  the  margin ;  sti- 
pules filiform  ;  panicle  terminal ;  joints  of  the  lo- 
ment sejmi-orbiculate,  hispid. — Willd. 

% 

About  two  and  a  half  feet  high.     It  is  sometimes  pubes-    ~ 
cent.  Flowers  small,  violet-coloured.    On  the  margins  of  sandy 
fields  in  Jersey,  every  where  common.     Perennial.     July. 

6.  H.  erect,   glabrous ;    leaves   ternate,  oblong-  pankuiatum. 
lanceolate  or  elliptical,  smooth ;  stipules  subu- 
late ;  panicle  terminal ;  joints  of  the  loment  (4,) 
rhomboid  pubescent. — Willd. 

Icon.  Pluk.  Mant.  t.  432.  f.  6. 

Fram  two  to  three  feet  high.  Leaves  of  a  deep  green, 
with  a  whitish  central  longitudinal  spot.  Flowers  purple. 
Growing  in  thickets  and  woods ;  common.     Perennial.    July. 

7.  H.  very  erect,  glabrous,  simple  ;  leaves  petio-  strictum. 
late,  ternate,  linear-elliptical,  glabrous,  reticu- 
late, veined,  glaucous  beneath  ;   stipules  subu- 
late; panicle  terminal,  pedunculate,  few-flow- 
ered.— Pursh. 

Flowers  small,  pale  purple.  In  the  woods  of  Jersey,  near 
Woodbury;  rare.     Perennial.     July,  August. 

8.  H.  erect,  simple;    leaves  long,  petiolate,  ter- giutiuos»m, 
nate, subrotund-ovate  acuminate;  panicle  scape- 
form  from  the  base  of  the  stem  ;  peduncles  hairy, 
viscous;  joints  of  the  loment  oblong-triangular, 
smootish. — Willd. 


£0 


DIADELPHIA,  DECANDRIA. 


H.  glutinosum,  Muhl. 
H.  acuminatum,  Mich. 

About  a  foot  or  two  high.     Flowers  purple.     In  woods  and 
thickets,  common.     Perennial.     July. 

nudiflorum.  9.  H.  erect,  simple,  smoothish;  leaves  ternate, 
broad-ova],  acuminate;  scape  paniculate,  gla- 
brous; joints  of  the  loment  sub  rotund-triangular, 
smoothish. — Willd, 

Resembles  No.  8,  very  closely.  Flowers  like  the  preceding. 
Perennial.    June  to  September. 


rotundifoli* 
urn. 


10.  H.  trailing,  hirsute ;  leaves  ternate,  orbicu- 
lar,- every  yvhere  hairy ;  stipules  rotund-cordate, 
reflexed ;  racemes  axillary  and  paniculate,  ter- 
minal, few-flowered  ;  bractes  cordate ;  joints  of 
the  loment  sub-rhomboid,  reticulate,  scabrous. 
— Mich,  and  Pursh. 

H.  canescens,  Willd.  ? 


itispida. 


Easily  distinguished  from  any  of  the  species  of  this  elegant 
genus,  by  the  round  leaves.  Flowers  purple.  In  woods,  on 
rocks  and  in  dry  copses ;  common.     Perennial.    July. 

320.  iESCHYNOMENE.  Gen.  pi.  1202.  (Leguminosa.) 

••  Stamina  divided  into  2  equal  bodies." 
Brown.  Loment  exserted,  compressed, 
one  of  the  sutures  straight,  the  other  lobed ; 
articulations  truncated,  1 -seeded.  Calix 
bilabiate,  labia  dentate. — Nutt. 

1.  JE.  the  erect  stem  and  petioles  tuberculate-his- 
pid  ;  leaves  in  many-pairs ;  folioles  linear,  ob- 
tuse; stipules  membranaceous,  semi-saggittate; 
racemes  simple,  few-flowered;  loments  hispid. 
—Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3.  p.  1163. 

Hedysarum  Virginicum,  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3.  p.  1212. 

A  striking  and  elegant  plant,  about  two  feet  high.  Flowers 
yellow,  veined  with  red.    On  the  banks  of  the  Delaware  be- 


DIADELPHIA,  DECANDRIA.  81 

tween  Kaighn's  point  and  the  ferry  below.     Very  rare.     An- 
nual.   July. 

321.  PHASEOLUS.  Gen.  pi.  1180.  (Leguminosce.) 

Carina  with  the  style  and  stamina  spirally 
convolute.  Legume  compressed,  falcate. 
Seeds  compressed,  reniform. — Nutt. 

1.  P.  twining,  altogether  pubescent ;  leaves  broad- Perennis- 
ovate,  the  odd  one  subcordate ;  racemes  in  pairs, 
longer  than  the  leaf;  peduncles  in  pairs  ;  brae- 

tes  obsolete;  legumens  pendulous. — TFilld.  and 

Pursh, 
P.  paniculata,  Mich. 
Dolichos  polystachys,  Willd. 

Perennial  Kidney -bean. 

In  woods  among  rocks,  rare.      Perennial.     July,  August. 

2.  P.  twining,  perennial,  a  little  hairy  ;    folioles  peduncuiaris. 
oblong-oval,  subdeltoid,  somewhat  obtuse;  ca- 
pitulion  long  peduncles ;  vexillum  short;  wings 

large,  expanded ;  legumes  terete-linear. —  Willd. 

and  Pursh. 
Glycine  peduncuiaris,  Muhl. 
Glycine  umbellata,  Willd. 
Phaseolous  helvolus,  L.  and  Mich. 

Icon.  Dill.  elth.  t.  233.  f.  300.  (Pursh.) 

A  handsome  species,  trailing  on  the  ground.  Flowers  pink 
and  deep  purple  ;  peduncles  very  long.  In  fields  and  woods 
of  Jersey,  abundant;  sufficiently  common  in  similar  situations 
elsewhere.     Perennial.     July. 

leaves  lanceolate,  sub-acuminate;  peduncles  very  &  parabolic* 

long.   B. 
Glycine  peduncuiaris,  /g.  parabolica,  Bart.  Prod. 

Fl.  Ph.  p.  71. 
Phaseolus  parabolica,  Nutt. 

Resembles  No.  2,  very  much,  and  grows  with  it.  Flowers 
pink  and  dark  purple.     Perennial.     July. 

8* 


82 

mlobus. 


tuberosus. 


DIADELPftJA,  DECANDRIA. 

3.  P.  twining,  pubescent ;  low^fottJtes  rhomboid- 
oval,  upper  trilobate;  capituli  on  long* pedun- 
cles ;  legumens  linear. — Mich. 

Phaseolus  trilobus,  Mich,  not  of  Willd.  and  Ait. 
which  latter  is  Dolichos  trilobus,  L. 

P.  vexillatus,  Walt. 

Glycine  angulosa,  Willd. 

Is  this  P.  angulosus,  Pers.  ? 

On  the  high  sandy  banks  of  the  Delaware,  Jersey  side,  about 
four  miles  below  Kaighn's  point;  rare.     Annual.    July. 

322.  APIOS.  [Glycine.  Gen.  pi.]  (Leguminosce.) 

Calix  sub-bilabiate,  truncate,  with  but  a  sin- 
gle denture  situated  beneath  the  carina. 
Carina  falcate,  reflecting  the  apex  of  the 
vexillum.  Germ  cylindrically  sheathed 
at  the  base.  Legume  many-seeded. — JSTutt. 

1.  A.  twining,  glabrous:  root  tuberous;  leaves 
pinnate  ;  folioles  5-7,  ovate-lanceolate,  narrow 
above;  spikes  crowded,  shorter  than  the  leaves. 
— Pursh. 

Apios  tuberosus,  Pursh. 

Glycine  Apios,  Willd. 
Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  1198. 

Wild  Potatoe-riue. 

Root  tuberous,  esculent.  Flowers  brownish  purple.  In 
bogs  of  Jersey,  and  along  hedges  elsewhere;  not  uncommon. 
Perennial.    J  uly . 

323.  GLYCINE.  Gen.  pi.  1182.  (Legurrunos*.) 

Calix  4 -cleft,  subequal,  upper  segment  bifid, 
base  partly  attenuated.  Vexillum  oboval; 
wings  bidentate  at  the  base ;  carina  often 
incurved,  shorter  than  the  vexillum.  Germ 
naked  at  the  base.  Legume  oblong,  com- 
pressed, 2- seeded,  sessile.- — Nutt. 


DIADELPHIA,  DECANDRIA.  83 

1.  G.  stem  weak,  hairy  backward;  leaves  ter-m°noica, 
nate,  ovate,  acute,  glabrous,   membranaceous; 
racemes  cauline,  pendulous,  loose,  corollate  for 
the   most  part  sterile;    bractes  suborbiculate, 
concave. —  JfVld.  and  Pursh. 

G.  bracteata,  Sp.  PI.  p.  754. 

A  common  plant  in  shady  woods  and  thickets.  Flowers 
blue,  sometimes  white.     Annual.     July,  August. 

324.  GALACTIA.  Brown.  Mich.  PL  Am.  2.  p.  61. 

(Leguminoste .) 

Calix  4-cleft?  bibracteolate.  Petals  all  ob- 
long;, the  vexillum  broader  and  incumbent. 
Anthers  oblong.  Stigma  obsolete.  Stipe 
of  the  germ  naked.  Legume  terete,  many- 
seeded. — J\Tutt. 

1.  G.  nearly  smooth;  leaves  ternate,  elliptic-ob-slabelIa« 
long,  subcoriaceous  and  lucid,  at  either  extre- 
mity, emarginate;  racemes  pedunculate,  a  little 
shorter  than   the   leaves:  flowers   pedicellate; 
calix  and  legume  smooth ;  stem  prostrate. — JWitt. 

Dolichos  regularis,  VVilld. 

Ervum  volubile,  Walt. 

A  procumbent  trailing1  plant,  with  flowers  of  purple,  red 
and  white  mixed.  Peduncles  about  an  inch  and  a  half,  or  two 
inches  long.  In  sandy  fields,  and  a  sandy  grassy  lane,  a  little 
south  of  the  ferry,  three  miles  below  Kaighn's  point,  Jersey. 
Perennial.     June,  July. 

325.  CLITORIA.  Gen.  pi.  1183.  (Leguminosae.) 

Calix  campanulate  (the  2  lower  dentures 
longer  and  often  falcate)  or  tubnlous,  5- 
toothed.  Coro/Zaresupinate;  vexillumverj 
large  and  spreading,  overshadowing  the 
wings.  Legume  linear,  acuminate,  many- 
seeded. — J\'*utt. 


84  DIADELPHIA,  DECANDRIA. 

Mariana.  i.  C.  leaves  ternate ;  calix  much  larger  than  the 
linear-lanceolate  bractes,  oblong-tubulous,  5- 
cleft;  legumen  torulose,  with  convex  front; 
seeds  glutinous. — Mich. 

A  very  elegant  plant,  with  large  rose-coloured  flowers.  On 
the  rocks  bordering  the  Schuylkill,  about  half  a  mile  above 
Lemon-hill.  Scarce.  I  have  found  it  nowhere  else.  Perennial. 
July,  August. 

326.  ROBINIA.  Gen.  pi.  1195.  (Leguminos*.) 

Calix  small  aud  campanulate,  4-cleft,  upper 
segment  bifid.  Legume  compressed  and 
elongated,  many-seeded,  seeds  compress- 
ed, small. — Nutt. 

pseud-acacia,  l.  R.  leaves  oddly -pinnate ;  stipules  thorny ;  ra- 
cemes pendulous ;  calicine  teeth  awnless ;  le- 
gumes smooth. —  WilltL 

Icon.  Schmidt,  arb.  32.  (Pursh.) 

White  Locust-tree.     American  Locust.     False 
Acasia. 

A  very  ornamental  tree,  with  white,  sweet-scented  flowers. 
Its  wood  is  extremely  durable,  resisting  injuries  from  moisture, 
for  which  reason  it  is  much  used  for  making  the  posts  of  rail 
fences  throughout  the  United  States,  also  the  posts  of  gates. 
On  the  borders  of  fields  for  ten  miles  around  Philadelphia, 
common.     \ .     May,  June. 

327.  TEPHROSIA.  Persoon.  (Leguminosx.) 

Dentures  of  the  calix  subulate,  subequal.  Sta- 
mina monadelphous.  Legume  compressed, 
subcoriaceous. — Nutt. 

•Virginian*  l.  T.  erect;  white-villous ;  folioles  (17-21)  oval- 
oblong,  acuminate ;  raceme  terminal,  short, 
subsessile;  legumes  retro-falcate,  villous;  cali- 
ces  woolly. — Pers.  and  Pursh. 


DIADELPHIA,  DECANDRIA.  85 

Galega  Virginiana. 
Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  23.  f.  2. 

Goats'-rue. 

About  twelve  or  fifteen  inches  high.  An  extremely  elegant 
plant,  highly  deserving  universal  cultivation  in  our  gardens. 
Flowers  blossom-red  and  white  mixed.  In  the  high  woody 
banks  of  the  Wissahickon.  In  the  woods  of  Jersey,  abundant. 
And  in  dry  sandy  woods  elsewhere,  not  unfrequent.  Peren- 
nial. June. 


SYNGENESIA. 


-CICHORIUM. 
„  LEONTODON. 

PRENANTHES. 

LACTUCA. 

SONCHUS. 
-  HIERACIUM. 

KRIGIA. 

ARCTIUM. 

CNICUS. 

LIATRIS 

VERNONIA. 

KUHNIA. 

EUPATORIUM. 

MIKANIA. 

CACALIA. 

TANACETUM. 


GNAPHALIUM. 
ERIGERON. 
INULA. 
ASTER. 
,  SOLIDAGO. 
SENECIO. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM. 
ACHILLEA. 
HELIOPSIS. 
HELENIUM. 
HELIANTHUS. 
RUDBECKIA. 
BIDENS. 
ACT1NOMERIS. 
AMBROSIA. 
XANTHIUM 


[88] 

CLASS  XVIL— SYNGENESIA. 

ORDER  I.  POLYGAMIA  iEQUALIS. 

(Flowers  all  hermaphrodite,  fertile.) 

§  1.  Florets  all  ligulate. 
328.  CICHORIUM.  Gen.  pi.  1251.  (  Cichoracex.) 

Calix  caliculate.    Receptacle  subpaleaceous. 
Pappus  many-leaved,  paleaceous. 

mtybus.  i#  c.  flowers  axillary,  in  pairs,  subsessile;  leaves 
runcinate. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  907.  Engl.  Bot.  f  39.  Wood- 
ville's  Med.  Bot. 

Wild  Succory. 

A  straggling  plant,  with  ordinary  foliage,  but  rather  hand- 
some blue  flowers.  They  occur  occasionally  white.  Introduc- 
ed, but  naturalized  in  wastes  near  the  city;  abundant.  Possesses 
medicinal  virtues.  (See  Woodville's  Med.  Bot.)  Perennial. 
July,  August. 

329.  LEONTODON.  Gen.  pi.  1237.  (  Cichoracex.) 

Calix  double.     Receptacle  naked.   Pappus 
stipitate,  plumose. 

Taraxacum,  1.  L.  exterior  calix  reflexed ;  scape  one-flowered; 
leaves  runcinate,  glabrous;  segments  lanceo- 
late-dentate.—  Willd. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  574.  Engl.  Bot.  510.  Wood- 
ville's Med.  Bot.  vol.  l.t.  3. 

*k        Dandelion. 

Every  person  i^familiar  with  this  common  weed.  Like 
chickweed  and  the  common  plantanes,  it  is  little  injured  by 
hard  usage,  so  that  it  thrives  and  flowers  among  bricks  on  the 


SYNGENESIA,  ^QUALIS.  89 

pavements,  and  in  turnpike-roads.  In  pastures,  grass-plots, 
iields  and  road-sides,  every  where  abundant.  It  is  possessed 
of  medicinal  properties,  among  which  its  diuretic  power  is 
universally  known.     Perennial.     All  summer. 

330.  PRENANTHES.  Gen.pl.  1236.  (Cichoracece.) 

Flosculi  definite,  5  to  20.  Calix  caliculate. 
Receptacle  naked.  Pappus  simple,  sub- 
sessile. 

1.  P.  radical  leaves  angular-hastate,  dentate,  sub-  aiba. 
lobate;  those  of  the  stem  subrotund-ovate,  den- 
tate, petiolate ;  upper  ones  lanceolate ;  panicle 
loose,  fascicles  terminal,  nutant;  calices  8-fid, 
9-10-flowered. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

P.  suavis,  Parad.  Lond.  85. 
Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  1079. 

JVhite-flowered  Wild  Lettuce,  or  Ivy-leaf. 

From  two  to  five  feet  high.  Leaves  thick ;  flowers  yellow- 
ish-white; calices  purple.  On  the  edges  of  shady  woods ;  not 
rare.     Perennial.     August,  September. 

2.  P.  stem   paniculate   above ;    leaves   petiolate,  cordata 
cordate,  dentate,  ciliate;  floral  leaves  sessile, 
oblong,    y^ry   entire;     panicle  loose,   raceme- 
flowered  ;  flowers  nutant ;  calices  6-cleft,  6-flow- 
ered. — Willd.  hort.  berol.  2.5,  and  Pursh. 

From  eighteen  inches  to  two  and  a  half  feet  high.  Leaves 
thin,  or  semi-membranaceous.  Flowers  slender,  whitish-yel- 
low.  In  shady  woods;  rare.    Perennial.    August,  September. 

3.  P.  leaves  dentate,  rough ;  those  of  the  root  pal-  serpentaria. 
mate-sinuate,  of  the  stem  long,  petiolate,  sinu- 
ate-pin natifid,  nearly  three  lobed ;  intermediate 
divisions  three-parted,  upper  ones  lanceolate; 
racemes  terminal,  subpaniculate,  short,  nutant; 
calices  8-cleft,  12-flowered. — Pursh. 

P.  Serpentaria,  Pursh. 
Icon.  Pursh.  Fl.  Am.  Sep..  vol.  2.  t.  24. 

VOL.  II.  9 


90 


rubicunda. 


SYNGENESIA,  iEQUALIS. 

Lion's-foot.    Dr.  TVitVs  Snake-root. 

Seldom  exceeding  two  feet  and  a  half  in  height,  and  not 
unfrequently  flowering  much  under  this  size.  I  cannot  think, 
as  Mr.  Nuttall  has  intimated,  that  this  plant  is  scarcely  more 
than  a  variety  of  P.  alba,  for  I  have  met  with  hundreds  of  spe- 
cimens of  it  in  a  pedestrian  journey  through  Maryland,  con- 
stantly presenting  the  same  aspect  and  characters,  and  found  it 
in  company  with  P.  alba,  which  latter  is  always  a  much  larger 
plant,  frequently  attaining  a  height  of  six  feet.  On  the  border 
of  woods  about  9  or  10  miles  south-west  of  Philadelphia,  not 
far  from  the  Chester-road.  Very  rare  in  this  vicinity.  Stem  and 
flowers  dingy-purple  and  yellow.  Possesses  medicinal  virtues. 
(Pursh.)    Perennial.     September. 

4.  P.  leaves  ciliate,  radical,  hastate-angular,  sub- 
entire;  lower  ones  obovate,  attenuate  at  the 
base,  subangular;  the  upper  ones  lanceolate, 
very  entire;  raceme  simple,  flowers  nutant. — 
TVilld.  and  Pursh. 

P.  alba,  0.  Sp.  PI.  1122. 

P.  autumnalis,  Gron.  Fl.  Virg.  p.  89. 

About  fifteen  or  eighteen  inches  high.  On  the  edge  of  the 
woods  near  the  Lancaster  turnpike -road,  9  or  10  miles  from 
Philadelphia,  frequent.     Perennial.     August,  September. 

301.  LACTUCA.  Gen.  pi.  1234.  (  Cichoracea.) 

Calix  imbricated,  cylindric,  margin  (of  the 
segments)  membranaceous.  Receptacle  na- 
ked. Pappus  simple,  stipitate.  Seed  even. 
— Mutt. 


eiongata.      1 .  L.  leaves  smooth  beneath,  lowest  ones  runcinate, 
very  entire,  amplexicaule ;  lower  ones  dentate, 
upper  ones  lanceolate ;  flowers  corymbose-pani- 
culate.— Willd.  enum. 
L.  longifolia,  Mich. 

Long-leaved  Wild-lettuce.    Fire-weed. 

From  three  to  six  feet  high.  Flowers  small,  yellowish.  On 
the  borders  of  fields,  in  woods,  and  on  road-sides,  very  com- 
mon.   Biennial.    August,  September. 


SYNGENESIA,  JEQUALIS.  91 

302.  SOXCHUS.  Gen.  pi.  1233.  (Cichoracex.) 

Calix  imbricated;  ventricose.  Receptacle  na- 
ked. Pappus  pilose,  sessile. 

1.  S.  peduncles  sub-squamose;  flowers  paniculate;  Fio^anus. 
leaves  lyrate-runcinate,  denticulate,  petiolate. — 

J  J  Hid.  and  Pursh, 

Gall  of  the  earth.     Blue-flowered  Sow-thistle. 

From  three  to  six  feet  high.  Flowers  large,  blue.  Pursh 
says  this  plant  is  used  like  Prenanthes  Serpentaria,  to  cure 
the  bite  of  the  rattle-snake.  On  the  bank  walk  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill from  Gray's  ferry  to  Kingsess  Gardens.  Also  on  the 
Woodlands,  near  the  Schuylkill ;  not  common.  Perennial. 
July,  September. 

2.  S.  peduncles sub-tomentose,  umbellate;  calices  oieracem. 
glabrous;    leaves    oblong-lanceolate,  amplexi- 
caule-denticulate,  subsinuate. —  JVilld. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  682.  Curt.  Fl.  Dan.  58. 

Yellow -flowered  or  common  Sow-thistle. 

A  well-known  pestiferous  weed  to  farmers.  From  three  to 
six  feet  high.  Flowers  pale-yellow.  On  the  borders  of  fields 
and  the  edges  of  woods,  abundant  every  where.  Annual.  July, 
September. 

3.  S.  peduncles   squamose ;    flowers    racemose;  leucopiweus. 
leaves  runcinate,  acuminate  ;    stem  paniculate- 
virgate. —  Jf'illd. 

L.  spicatus,  Lamark. 

About  three  or  four  feet  high.  Flowers  small,  white ; 
slightly  tinged  with  blue.  On  the  bank  walk  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill from  Gray's  ferry,  to  Kingsess  Gardens.  Biennial.  July, 
September. 

4.  S.  peduncles  subsquamose ;  flowers  paniculate ;  acuminatus. 
radical  leaves  subruncinate;  stem  leaves  ovate- 
acuminate,  petiolate,  denticulate  in  the  middle. 

—  TFilld.  and  Pursh. 
Lactuca  villosa,  Jacqu.  ? 

Resembles  No.  1,  very  mucn^mt  the  flowers,  which  are 
blue,  are  half  the  size  of  them.  Grows  with  No.  1.;  not  com- 
mon.    Biennial.     August,  September. 


93  SYNGENESIA,  jEQUALIS. 

303.  HIERACIUM.  Gen.  pi.  1238.  (Cichorace*.) 

Calix  imbricate,  ovate.  Receptacle  nearly 
naked.  Pappus  simple,  sessile,  (pale  yel- 
lowish brown.) 

venosnm.  1.  H.  scape  naked,  corymbose-paniculate,  gla- 
brous; pedicels  filiform ;  leaves  obovate-lance- 
olate,  rarely  hairy  above ;  beneath  naked,  dil- 
ate at  the  margin,  glandulous-denticulate ;  veins 
coloured,  calices  smooth. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Veined-leaved  Hawk-weed.     Poor  Robert's  Plan- 

tane. 

From  one  to  two  feet  high.  Leaves  veined  with  red.  Flow- 
ers bright  yellow.  In  shady  woods,  every  where  very  com- 
mon.   Perennial.  June  to  August. 

Gronovii.  2.  H.  scape  leafy,  corymbose-paniculate ;  calices 
and  peduncles  glandulous-hairy  ;  leaves  obovate, 
obtuse,  very  entire  above ;  sparingly  strigose- 
villous,  the  middle  nerve  beneath  very  villous. 
— Willd.  and  Pursh. 

About  the  size  of  the  preceding.  Flowers  pale-yellow  and 
much  smaller.  In  woods  and  on  dry  exposed  places;  com- 
mon.    Perennial.  July,  August. 

panicuiatum.  3,  H.  smoothish ;  stem  erect,  leafy-paniculate, 
white-woolly  below  ;  pedicels  capillary ;  leaves 
lanceolate,  naked,  dentate,  membranaceous. — 
Willd.  and  Pursh. 

In  more  moist  places  than  Xo.  1,  and  2,  common.  Flowers 
yellow,  small.   Perennial.     July,  August. 

scabrum.  4.  H.  very  hirsute ;  stem  erect,  leafy,  hispid,  very 
scabrous  with  brown  dots;  leaves  oblong-ovate, 
entire,  every  where  hirsute ;  panicle  somewhat 
simple,  many-flowered,  with  gland ulous-hispid 
calices;  pedicels  short,  divaricate. — Mich,  and 
Pursh.  0t 

H.  marianum,  Muhl. 


SYNGENESIA,  iEQUALIS.  03 

Easily  known  from  all  the  preceding  species  by  its  being 
very  hairy.  In  woods  and  shady  places,  and  not  unfrequently 
on  the  borders  of  fields.  Common.  Perennial.  August,  Sep- 
tember. 

304.  KRIGIA.  Gen,  pi.  1244.  (Cichoracex.) 

Calix  many-leaved^  simple.  Receptacle  na- 
ked. Pappus  double,  external  membrana- 
ceous 5  or  S-leaved,  interior  about  5,  8,  or 
24<  scabrous  setae. — Nutt. 

1.  K.  small;    leaves  lyrate,  glaucous,  smoothish, vh-ginica. 
margin  ciliated;    scape  one-flowered,  twice  as 

long  as  the  leaves  ;  calix  about  8-leaved. — WiUd, 
and  Pursh. 
Hyosceris  Virginica,  Sp.  PI.  1138. 

Icon.  Lamark,  Jour.  Hist.  Nat.  1.  t.  12. 

About  three  or  six  inches  high.  Leaves  and  stem  of  a 
bluish-green.  Flowers  small,  deep-yellow.  On  commons  and 
road-sides;  in  pastures  and  fields,  every  where  common.  An- 
nual.    May  till  July. 

caulescent,  dichotomous;    leaves  sub-spathutate-  0.  dkhotom. 

linear,  nearly  entire,  sparingly  ciliate ;  scapes 

numerous,  long,  one-flowered.  B. 
Hyosceris  ?  ramosissima,  Bart.  Prod.  Fl.  Ph.  75, 
Krigia  dichotoma,  Nutt. 

From  ten  to  twelve  inches  high,  very  much  branched  from 
the  root.     Flowers  yellow,  and  of  the  same  size  as  in  No.  1. 

After  close  attention  to  this  plant,  I  believe  it  to  be  no  more 
than  a  variety  of  the  preceding,  having  found  a  few  speci- 
mens this  season,  (1818,)  approximating  towards  the  diffuse 
caulescent  variety  above.  I  have  found  tills  variety  in  the 
sandy  fields  of  Jersey,  opposite  South wark,  and  in  Maryland 
on  the  road  to  Baltimore.     Annual.  July,  August. 

2.  H.  glabrous,  glaucous;  stem  erect, in  S-S-divi-^P1^*"* 
sions,  nearly  naked ;    leaves  glabrous,  radical  ' 

ones  sublyrate,  those  of  the  stem  amplexicaule, 
lanceolate,  very  entire,  glabrous. — Pers. 

9*  . 


94  SYNGENESIA,  tEQUALIS. 

Hyosceris  amplexicaulis,  Mich. 

H.  prenanthoides,  Willd. 

H.  biflora,  Walt. 

Tragopogon  Virginicum,  Sp.  PI.  1111. 

Troximon  Virginicum,  Gsert.,  Pers.,  Pursh. 

Stem-clasping  Swines') -succory. 

About  a  foot  high.  Flowers  large,  deep  orange-yellow.  In 
shady  damp  woods,  meadows,  and  moist  copses ;  common. 
Perennial.     July,  August. 

§  2.  Flosculos^.  (Florets  all  tubular;  border  5-cleft.) 
305.  ARCTIUM.  Gen.  pi.  1253.  (CinarocephaLe.) 

Calix  globose  ;  scales  hooked  inwards  at  the 
points.  Receptacle  paleaceous.  Pappus 
setosely-paleaceous. 

Lappa,         1.  A.  stem-leaves  cordate,  petiolate-denticulate ; 
flowers  paniculate,  globose ;  calices  smooth. — 
TVillcL  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Woodville's  Med.  Bot.  vol.  l.  t.  15. 

Burdock. 

Common  Burdock  perhaps  has  been  introduced,  but  if  so, 
it  is  throroughly  naturalized,  being  found  every  where  in  old 
fields  and  wastes.  From  three  to  five  feet  high.  Leaves  very 
large,  flowers  purple.     Biennial.     July,  August. 

306.  CNICUS.  Gen.  pi.  1255.  (Cinarocephalx.) 

Receptacle  villous.    Pappus  capillary.    Ca- 
lix ventricose. 

ianccoiatus.   l.  C.  leaves  decurrent,  hispid,  pinnatifid  ;    seg- 
ments bilobed,  divaricate,  spinous ;  calices  ovate, 
with  a  gossamer  pubescence;  scales  lanceolate, 
spinous,  spreading. — Willd. 
Carduus  lanceolatus,  Sp.  PI.  1149. 


SYNGENESIA,  jEQUALIS.  95 

Common  Thistle. 

This  is  the  commonest  species,  being  found  every  where 
on  way-sides,  among  rubbish,  and  on  commons.  Flowers 
purple,  very  large.  Probably  introduced.  Biennial.  From 
June  till  autumn. 

2.  C.  leaves   sessile,   pinnatifid,    acute,    incised,  horridnius. 
very  spinous ;  involucrum  terminal,  one-flower- 
ed, many-leaved  ;  folioles  very  spinous  ;  calices 
unarmed. — Furs/i. 

C.  horridulus,  Pers. 

C.  horridus,  Muhl. 

C.  pubescens,  Gronovius. 

Serratula  discolor,  Lam  ark. 

Cirsium  horridulum,  Mich. 

Cai'duus  spinosissimus,  Walt. 

Yellow  Thistle, 

From  two  to  three  feet  high,  vary  thorny.  Flowers  large, 
pale-yellow.  Along  the  course  of  the  Delaware,  Jersey  side, 
from  Market  Street  ferry  to  Kaifchn's  point ;  rare.  Peren- 
nial.   July,  September. 

3.  C.  stem  tall,  leafy,  and  divaricately  branched  ;  discoier. 
leaves  lanceolate,  sessile  or  amplexicaule,  more 

or  less  deeply  pinnatifid,  above  smooth,  beneath 
tomentose;  segments  bilobed,  partly  ciliated  and 
terminated  by  spines  ;  calix  subglobose ;  scales 
ovate,  spiny. — Nutt. 
C.  discolor,  Muhl. 

This  common  species  is  surprisingly  omitted  by  Pursh.  It 
is  abundant  in  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania.  From  three  to  five 
feet  high,  very  much  branched.  Leaves  always  pinnatifid. 
Flowers  purple.  On  road-sides  and  in  woods  of  Jersey,  and 
in  similar  places  near  this  city ;  near  Hamilton  and  Mantua 
villages ;  common.  Perennial.  July,  September. 

4.  C.  stem   retrorsely  pilose,    1   to  3-flowered ;  odoratus. 
leaves  of  the  same  colour  on  both  sides,  amplexi- 
caule,  oblong-lanceolate    and  pinnatifid ;  seg- 
ments irregularly  lobed,  ciliated  and  terminated 
with  spines;  calix  large   and  partly  globose, 


96  SYNGENESIA,  jEQUALIS. 

naked ;  scales  apprcssed,  lanceolate,  acuminate, 

spiny. — Ntitt. 
C.  odoratus,  Muhl. 
C  pumilus,  Nutt. 

From  one  to  three  feet  high.  Flowers  reddish-purple,  very 
large.  On  the  borders  of  open  woods,  and  on  road-sides,  Jer- 
sey; frequent.  Perennial.  July. 

307.  LIATRIS.  [Schreber.]  Gen.pl.  1263.  (Corymbifera.) 

Calix  oblong,  imbricate.  Receptacle  naked. 
Pappus  plumose,  persistent,  (often  colour- 
ed.) Anthers  entire  at  the  base.  Seed 
pubescent,  striate,  and  inversely  conic. — 
JV»#. 

maerosta-      1.  L.  stem  simple,  tall;  leaves  linear,  glabrous, 
chra'  ciliate  at  the  base,  nerved  and  punctate;  spike 

very  long;  flowers  sessile;  calicine  scales  li- 
near-oblong,   obtuse,    appressed. — Mich,    and 
Pursh. 
L.  macrostachya,  Mich. 
L.  spicata,  Willd. 
Anonymos  graminifolius,  Walt. 
Serratula  spicata,  Sp.  PI.  1147. 
Suprago  spicata,  Gsert. 

Icon.  Bot.  Repos.  401.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  424.  f.  6. 

Blue  Blazing -star. 

From  two  to  five  feet  high,  a  very  elegant  plant.  Flowers 
purple,  in  long  crowded  spikes.  Near  Frankford,  and  on  the 
Woodlands;  rare.  Possesses  medicinal  virtues.  Perennial. 
August. 

308.  VERNONIA.  Gen.  pi.  1262.  (Corymb! f era.) 

Calix  ovate  imbricate.  Stigma  bifid.  Recep- 
tacle naked.  Pappus  double ;  exterior 
short  and  paleaceous,  interior  capillary. — 
Nutt. 


SYXGENESIA,  ^QUALIS.  97 

1.  V.  very  tall;  leaves  thick,  lanceolate,  serrulate,  **<****» 
scabrous;  corymb  fastigiate;  calicine  scales  fili- 
form.—  WilUL  and  Pursh. 

Scrratula  noveboracensis,  Hort.  cliff.  392. 
Chrysocoma  gigantca,  Walt. 

icon.   Dill.  elth.  t.  263.  f.  342.  (Pursh.)  Pink, 
aim.  t.  109.  f.  3. 

About  five  feet  high.  Flowers  purple;  leaves  narrow.  A 
very  showey  plant,  found  on  the  margins  of  all  our  waters,  in 
meadows  and  on  road  sides ;  common.  Perennial.  August, 
October. 

2.  V.  stem  very  high,  angular,  densely  pubescent;  pneaita. 
leaves  thick,  lanceolate,  acute,  serrate,  pubes- 
cent beneath;  corymb  fastigiate;  caiicine  scales 
ovate-acute,  awnless. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Serratula  prajalta,  Sp.  PI.  1146. 
Chrysocoma  tomentosa,  Walt. 
C.  pr^alta,  H.  P.  (Pers.  Syn.) 

Icon.   Dill.  elth.  t.  264.  f.  343.  Mill.  ic.   234. 
Pluk.  aim.  t.  280.  f.  6. 

Resembles  No.  1,  very  much.  Flowers  also  purple.  Leaves 
broader.  Grows  in  similar  places.  Perennial.  August,  Oc- 
tober. 

309.  KUHNIA.  Gen.  pi.  1272.   (Corymbifcra.) 

Critonia,  Geert.  carp.  2.  p.  411. 
Dalea,  Brown,  jam.  314. 

Calix  imbricate,  cylindric.  Receptacle  na- 
ked. Pappus  plumose.  Seed  pubescent, 
multistriate. 

1.  K.  glabrous;  leaves   petiolate,  broad-lanceo- Eupatorioi- 

late,  serrate;  corymb  terminal,  few-flowered, 

coarctatc. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 
Eupatorium  alternifolium,  Ard.  Spec.  2.  p.  40.  t. 

20.  (Pursh.) 

Icon.  Lin.  fil.  dec.  t.  11.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  87.  f. 

2.  (Pursh.) 


98  SYNGENESIA,  ^QUALIS. 

About  two  or  three  feet  high.  Resembles  an  Eupatorium 
very  much.  Flowers  white.  On  the  rocks  bordering  the 
Schuylkill,  about  half  a  mile  above  Lemon-hill.  Very  rare. 
Perennial.    August,  September. 

310.  EUPATORIUM.  Gen.  pi.  1272.  (Corymbifer<e.) 

Calix  simple  or  imbricate,  oblong.  Style  long 
and  seniibifid.  Itecejrtacle  naked.  Pajjpus 
pilose,  or  more  commonly  scabrous.  Seed 
smooth  and  glandular,  quinquestriate. — 
Nutt. 

byssopifo-  i.  E.  leaves  opposite,  sub-verticillate,  linear,  very 
entire,  pubescent,  three-nerved  punctate ;  radi- 
cal ones  subdentate. — Willd. 

Icon.  Dill.  elth.  t.  115.  f.  140.  Pluk.  aim.  t. 
88.  f.  2.  (Pursh.) 

Hyssop-leaved  Eupatorium. 

About  two  feet  high.  Leaves  verticillate  and  very  narrow; 
flowers  white.  In  hedges,  Jersey.  Not  common.  In  a  hedge 
bordering  a  sandy  field,  near  Kaighn's-point,  Jersey.  Peren- 
nial.  August  to  October. 

sessiiifoiium.  2.  E.  leaves  sessile,  amplexicaule,  distinct,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  rotund  at  the  base;  serrate,  very 
glabrous;  stem  smoothish. —  Willd. 

Sessile-leaved  Eupatorium. 

About  two  or  two  and  a  half  feet  high.  Whole  plant  very 
smooth,  and  destitute  of  that  grey  aspect  which  characterizes 
so  many  of  the  white-flowered  species.  Flowers  white.  In 
rocky  thickets  a  half  mile  east  of  Woodbury,  Jersey.  Rare. 
Perennial.  August,  September. 

gianduiosum.  3.  E.  leaves  subsessile,  oblong-lanceolate,  rough- 
ish,  serrate ;  interior  calicine  scales  elongated, 
lanceolate,  scariose,  coloured. — Willd. 

E.  gianduiosum,  Mich. 

E.  album,  L.,  Muhl.,  and  Pursh. 


SYNGENESIA,  jEQUALIS.  99 

Glandulous  Hemp-weed. 

Under  two  feet  high.  Flowers  white.  In  Jersey,  near  bogs, 
common.  Perennial.  August,  October. 

4.  E.  leaves  sessile,  distinct,  oblong-lanceolate,  lanceoiatum. 
scabrous,  deeply  serrate;    calicine  scales  of  a 
uniform  colour. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Spear-leaved  Hemp-weed. 

This  species  so  much  resembles  No.  3,  that  it  may  easily  be 
confounded  with  it  on  a  hasty  view.  About  the  same  size; 
flowers  white.  On  the  borders  of  fields  and  woods  in  Jersey, 
every  where  common.  Perennial.  August  till  November. 

5.  E.  leaves  sessile,  distinct,  ovate,  scabrous;  up- teucnfoUoM. 
per  ones  deeply  serrated  at  the  base,  those  at 

the  top  quite  entire. —  Willd. 
J  JVW  E.  verbensefolium,  of  Mich,  as  Pursh  sup- 
poses. 
E.  pilosum,  Walt.  ? 

Germander-leaved  Hemp-weed. 

About  two  feet  high,  not  unlike  the  two  preceding.  Flow- 
ers white.  In  Jersey,  with  No.  3,  and  No.  4,  common.  Peren- 
nial. August  to  October. 

6.  E.  leaves  sessile,  distinct,  sub  rotund-cordate,  romndifo- 
obtuse,  serrate,  veined  ;  calicine  scales  acunii-  hum* 
nate. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  88.  f.  4. 

Roundish-leaved  Hemp-weed. 

Eighteen  inches  high.  Flowers  white.  In  Jersey  near  Wood- 
bury, in  swampy  grounds;  rare.  Perennial.  August  to  No- 
vember. 

7.  E.  leaves  petiolate,  ovate,  somewhat  obtuse,  meUssioides. 
serrate,  veined,  smoothish. — Willd. 


100  SYNGENESIA,  ^.QUALIS. 

Balm-leaved  Hemp-weed. 

About  one  or  two  feet  high.  Flowers  white.  Leaves  resem- 
ble those  of  common  balm.  In  hedges  and  borders  of  sandy 
fields  of  Jersey,  every  where  common.  Perennial.  August,  Oc- 
tober. 

ageratoides.  8.  E.  leave  s  petiolate,  ovate-acuminate,  three - 
nerved,  unequal  and  deeply  serrate,  glabrous ; 
corymb  many-flowered,  divaricate ;  calices  sub- 
simple.—  Willd. 

E.  ageratoides,  L.  and  Willd. 

E.  urticse folium,  Mich. 

Ageratum  altissimum,  Sp.  PI.  ed.  2d.  p.  1176. 
Icon.  Morris.  Hist.  3.  s.  7.  t.  18.  f.  11. 

Two  or  two  and  a  half  feet  high.  Flowers  very  white.  Easi- 
ly known  from  other  species.  In  thickets  a  little  east  of  the 
Woodlands,  and  along  the  course  of  the  Schuylkill;  common. 
Perennial.  August,  October. 

trifoiiatum.    9.  E.  leaves  petiolate,  in  three's  or  four's,  ovate, 
attenuated  at  each  end,  serrate,  somewhat  sca- 
brous.— Willd. 
E.  trifoiiatum,  Willd.,  not  L. 

Three-leaved  Hemp-weed. 

From  four  to  five  feet  high,  unbranched.  Flowers  reddish- 
purple.  On  the  banks  of  our  waters,  in  watery  thickets  and 
meadows,  not  uncommon.  This  and  No.  10,  resembles  each 
other.     Perennial.     August,  September. 


purpureum.  10.  E.  leaves  petiolate,  in  four's  or  five's,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  serrate,  rugose-veined,  somewhat 
scabrous;  stem  fistulous. —  Willd. 

E.  purpurea,  L. 

JV*of..  E.  purpureum,  Mich. 

Icon.  Rob.  ic.  217.  Corn.  Canad.  t.  72.  (Pursh.) 

Morris.  Hist.  3.  s.  7.  t.   13.  f.  4.  Dod.  Mem.  t. 

217.  (Pursh.) 

Hollow -stemmed  Hemp-weed. 

From  five  to  six  or  seven  feet  high.  Stem  hollow,  by  which 
mark  it  can  be  always  known.    Flowers  dark  reddish-purple. 


SYNGENESIA,  ^LQUALIS.  101 

In  watery  thickets  and  near  swamps ;    common.     Perennial. 
August,  September. 

11.  E.  leaves  petiolate,  in  four's  or  five's,  ovate- macu,atum- 
lanceolate,    unequally    serrate,   pubescent    be- 
neath; stein  solid,  furrowed. — Willd. 

Icon.  Herra.  Parad.  t.  158.  (Pursh.)  Morris. 
Hist.  3.  s.  7.  t.  18. 

Maculated  Hemp-weed. 

Kcsembles  Xo.  10,  somewhat,  but  is  not  so  tall  Flowers 
purple.  In  swampy  thickets  near  the  Buck-inn  on  the  Lan- 
caster turnpike,  and  in  similar  situations  near  Frankford.  Rare. 
Perennial.     August,  September. 

12.  E.  leaves  petiolate,  in  three's  or  four's,  ovate-  verticiiiatum. 
lanceolate,  cuneate  at  the  base,  unequally  ser- 
rate  and   sinoothish ;    stem   solid,   smooth. — 

mild. 
E.  verticiiiatum,  Willd.  and  Muhl. 
E.  purpureum,  Mich. 
E.  trit'oliatum,  L.  ? 

Whorled-leaved  Hemp-weed. 

Near  six  feet  high.  Flowers  purple.  It  resembles  Xo.  10, 
exceedingly,  but  differs  in  its  solid  stem  and  smooth  leaves. 
In  similar  places  with  Xo.  10;  common.  Perennial.  July, 
September. 

13.  E.  leaves  sessile,  sub-lanceolate-oval,  acute,  verbenaefo,i- 

7  um. 

somewhat  obtuse,  cut-dentate,  roughish,  pubes- 
cent ;  calices  pubescent,  awnless,  5-flowered. — 
Mich. 
E.  verbensefolium,  Mich. 

Vervain-leaved  Hemp-weed. 

About  two  feet  high.  Flowers  white.  On  the  edges  of  open 
woods  in  Jersey,  not  unfrequent.     Perennial.     August. 

14.  E.  leaves  connate,  perfoliate,  oblong,  narrow  perfoiiamm. 
above,  serrate,  rough,  tomentose  beneath ;  stem 
villous. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

voj,.  ii.  10  ^ 


102  SYNGENESIA,  -EQUALIS. 

E.  connatum,  Mich. 

Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  87.  f.  6. 

Bone-set.     Thorough-wort.     Cross-wort.    Indian 


Sage. 

A  veiy  important  plant,  on  account  of  its  valuable  medicinal 
virtues.  (See  Veg-.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S.)  From  fifteen  inches  to 
three  feet  high.  Whole  plant  of  a  grey  aspect.  Leaves 
united  at  their  base  :  the  stem  appearing  to  go  through  them. 
Flowers  white,  rarely  purple.  It  is  not  improbable  that  some 
other  species  of  this  large  genus,  will  be  found  possessed  of  me- 
dicinal virtues  like  the  present.  In  swamps,  bogs,  and  wet 
meadows,  in  Jersey,  and  Pennsylvania  side  of  the  Delaware, 
v  ery  common  and  abundant.  Perennial.  August  till  October. 

311.  MIKANIA.  Willd.  Sp.  pi.  3.  p.  1142.  (Corymbi/ere.) 

Calix  4  or  6-leaved,  equal,  4  or  6-flowered. 
Receptacle  naked.  Pappus  pilous. 

scandens.  \t  \j.  stem  scandent,  smooth;  leaves  cordate,  re- 
pand-dentate,  acuminate;  lobes  divaricate,  un- 
equal ;  flowers  corymbose. — Jfilld. 

Eupatorium  scandens,  Sp.  PI.  1171. 

Icon.  Jacqu.  ic.  rar.   1.  t.  169,  (Pursh.)  Pluk. 

aim.  t.  163.  f.  3. 

Climbing  Mikania. 

A  climbing  plant,  resembling  in  its  flowers,  which  are  white, 
an  Eupatorium.  On  the  stone-wall  and  in  thickets  on  the 
bank  of  the  Delaware,  between  Kaighn's  point  and  the  next 
ferry  below,  Jersey.  Perennial.  July,  August. 

312.  CACALIA.  Gen.pl.  1275.  (Corymbifera.) 

Calix  cylindric,  oblong,  the  base  only  some 
what  caliculate.   Receptacle  naked.  Pap- 
pus pilous. 

atripiicifoiia.  1.  C.  stem  herbaceous;  leaves  petiolate,  glabrous, 

ri, glaucous  beneath;  radical  ones  cordate-dentate, 

those  of  the  stem  rhomboid,  every  where  sub- 


i'OLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA.  103 

dentate ;  flowers  corymbose,  erect ;  calices   5- 
flowerecL — JVilld.  and  Purs/i. 
C.  glauca,  Muhl. 

Icon.  IMuk.  aim.  t.  101.  f.  1. 

Orach-leaved  Cacalia. 

From  two  to  five  feet  high.  Lower  leaves  very  large;  all  the 
leaves  as  well  as  the  stem,  bluish  or  glaucous  beneath.  Flow- 
ers white,  inodorous.  On  the  high  banks  of  the  Wissahickon, 
and  in  the  woods  above  the  falls  of  Schuylkill,  west  side;  rare. 
Perennial.  August. 


ORDER  II.  POLYGAMIA  SUPERFLUA, 

{Florets  of  the  disk  bisexual,  of  the  ray  feminine ; 
V  all  fertile.) 

§  1.  Florets  discoid;  those  of  the  ray  obsolete. 
311.  TANACETUM.  Gen.  pi.  1280.  {Corymbiferx.) 

Calix  imbricated,  hemispherical,  scales  acu- 
minated. Rays  of  the  corolla  obsolete, 
trifid.  Receptacle  naked.  Pappus  sub- 
marginate.— -Nutt. 

1.  T.  leaves  bi pinnate,  incised,  serrate. — Willd,     vuigare. 
Icon.  Oed.  Dan.  871. 

Tansey. 

Common  tansey  is  often  met  with  on  the  edges  of  fields,  and 
on  road-sides,  with  the  appearance  of  growing  wild.  In  these 
places  it  is  completely  naturalized.  Well-known  in  domestic 
medicine  as  a  toon.  Leaves  deep  green.  Flowers  bright  yel- 
low. Perennial.  July. 

314.  GXAPIIALIUM.  Gen.  pi.  1282.  (Corymbiftrx.) 

Calix  imbricated,  marginal  scales  rounded, 
scariose,  shining  and  coloured.  Radii  none ; 
feminine  florets  marginal,  entire,  mostly  mi- 


margarita- 

Ct-UIl). 


planta»i- 
neum. 


104  POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA. 

merous.  Receptacle  naked.  Papj)as  pilous, 
or  scabrous. — Nutt. 

1.  G.  herbaceous;  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  gra- 
dually narrowed,  acute;  stem  branched  above; 
corymb  fastigiate;  flowers  pedicellate. — Willd. 
and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Eng.  Bot.  2018. 

Life-everlasting.  Dead-mail's  Flower.  Coffin-plant. 

A  fine  aromatic  plant,  with  a  most  agreeable  odour.  From 
one  foot  to  eighteen  inches  high.  Whole  plant  whitish.  Flow- 
ers white,  with  a  yellow  disk,  larger  than  in  any  of  the  suc- 
ceeding species.  In  old  fields,  on  road-sides  and  commons; 
every  where  abundant.  The  flowers  are  smoaked  through 
pipes  in  Lancaster  county,  to  cure  the  tooth-ach.  Perennial. 
August,  October. 

2.  G.  sarments  procumbent ;  stem  very  simple;  ra- 
dical leaves  ovate,  nerved,  mucronate ;  corymb 
contracted;  flowers  dioicous;  interior  calicine 
scales  elongated,  somewhat  acute,  coloured. — 
WiUd. 

G.  plantaginifolium,  L. 

Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  348.  f.  9. 

Plantaue-leared  Cudweed. 

About  six  inches  or  a  foot  high.  Radical  leaves  broad,  re- 
sembling somewhat  those  of  common  plantane.  Flowers  white. 
Whole  plant  more  or  less  covered  with  white  down.  In  woods 
and  on  hills,  every  where  common.  Perennial.  May,  July. 

dioicum.  3.  G.  sarments  procumbent;  stem  very  simple; 
radical  leaves  spathulate;  corymb  coarctate; 
flowers  dioicous;  interior  calicine  scales  elon- 
gated, obtuse,  coloured. —  Willd. 

About  five  or  seven  inches  high  ;  very  greyish.  Flowers 
white.  In  commons,  every  where  common.    Perennial.    July. 

Pennsyivani-  4.  G.  herbaceous ;  leaves  obovate-lanceolate,  acute, 
glabrous  above,  tomentose  beneath,  margin  pu- 
bescent ;  flowers  subsessile,  axillary  and  termi- 
nal, crowded.  B. 


POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA.  10J 

G.  Pennsylvanicum,  Muhl. 

About  ten  inches  high.  Flowers  white.  On  grassy  commons 
near  Woodbury  and  Frankford,  and  on  the  Darby  road.  An- 
nual.  July. 

5.  G.  herbaceous,  erect;  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  fl^cep,ia" 
acute,  glabrous  above,  pubescent  underneath; 

stem  paniculate,  tomentose;  corymbs  terminal, 
coarctate. — Mich,  and  Pursh. 
G.  obtusitblium,  Willd. 

About  six  or  seven  inches  high.  Diffuse  and  branched.  On 
the  commons,  west  of  the  city;  abundant.  Annual.  August. 

6.  G.  herbaceous ;    leaves   linear-spathulate,  to-  pm-pureum. 
mentose   beneath;    stem    erect,   very   simple; 
flowers  sessile,  glomerate,  terminal  and  axillary. 
—Willd. 

Icon.  Dill.  elth.  t.  109.  f.  132.  (Pursh.) 

About  a  foot  high.  Flowers  and  calices  dingy  purple.  This 
species  grows  very  large  and  luxuriantly  on  the  Chickisalunga 
rocks,  on  the  Susquehanna,  and  it  is  there  a  very  handsome 
plant.  It  is  not  very  common  in  this  vicinity,  and  seldom  ex- 
ceeds six  or  eight  inches  in  height.  In  Jersey,  near  Wood- 
bury, on  the  borders  of  woods.     Perennial.    July,  October. 

7.  G.  stem  herbaceous,  branched,  diffuse,  woolly ;  unguium. 
leaves  linear-lanceolate,  narrowed  at  each  end, 
tomentose;  flowers  terminal,  congest. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  859. 

About  ten  or  twelve  inches  high,  whole  plant  very  white. 
Flowers  small,  white,  inclining  to  yellow ;  calices  first  yellow- 
ish, afterwards  brown.  In  dry  ditches  and  other  places  that 
have  been  covered  with  water.  On  the  road  to  Lemon-hill. 
Oil  the  banks  of  the  Schuylkill  and  on  our  commons,  west  of 
the  city,  not  unfrequent.    Annual.    August,  September. 


cum. 


8.    G.    herbaceous ;     stem    erect,    dichotomous ;  Germani- 
leaves  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  tomentose ;  flow- 
ers globose-capitate. — Willd. 

Filago  Germanica,  Sp.  PI.  1311. 
Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  997.  Engl.  Bot.  946. 

10* 


106  POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA. 

About  six  or  ten  inches  high,  easily  recognized  by  its  di  - 
chotomous  habit,  which  is  constant.  Flowers  white,  calices 
pale-yellow.  This  species  is  extremely  common  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Washington,  (Columbia,)  all  through  Ma- 
ryland, and  from  York-town  to  the  Susquehanna.  Hence  I 
,  conclude  it  is  a  native.     In  this  vicinity  it  is  rare.     On  the 

road  to  Chester,  scarce.     Annual.     July,  August. 

315.  ERIGERON.  Gen.  pi.  1287.  {Corymbiferx.) 

Calix  imbricated,  sub-hemispherical,  in  fruit 
often  reflected.  Rays  of  the  corolla  linear, 
very  narrow,  and  numerous.  Receptacle 
naked.  Pappus  double,  exterior  minute, 
interior  pilous,  of  few  rays.  (12  to  25?) — 
Nutt. 

bcindifoiium.  i.  E.  hirsute,  hoary ;  radical  leaves  obovate,  sub- 
serrate  :  stem  leaves  few,  distant,  lanceolate, 
very  entire ;  stem  about  3-flowered ;  rays  elon- 
gated.—  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

E.  bellidifolium,  Mich.,  Muhl.,  and  Pursh. 

E.  Serpentaria,  Herb.  Banks.  Mss.  (Pursh.) 

E.  pulchellum,  Mich. 

E.  caule  simplicissimo,  &c.  Gron. 

Poor  Robert's  Plantane, 

From  eighteen  inches  to  two  feet  high.  Flowers  (rays)  pale- 
purple.  I  have  understood  through  Mr.  Heckevvelder,  (who 
described  the  plant  minutely)  that  this  is  one  of  the  vegeta- 
ble cures  among  the  Indians,  for  the  bite  of  the.  rattle-snake. 
Hence  perhaps  the  name  by  which  it  stands  in  the  herbarium 
of  Sir  Joseph  Banks,  as  quoted  above.  Though  the  name 
Poor  Robert's  Plantane  is  sometimes  applied  to  Hieracium  ve- 
nosum,  yet  the  plant  now  under  notice  is  much  more  com- 
monly recognized  by  that  appellation.  As  its  congener  Erige- 
ron  Philadelphicum,  and  E.  heterophyllum  are  possessed  of 
active  medicinal  virtues,  it  is  not  unlikely  that  the  remediate 
powers  attributed  to  this  species  by  the  Indians,  are  worthy 
of  attention.  In  shady  woods  and  especially  on  hills,  common. 
Perennial.    June,  July. 

phiiadeiphi-  2.  E.  pubescent ;  leaves  cuneate-oblong,  rarely  cut- 
dentate,  those  of  the  stem  semi-amplexicaule ; 


POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA.  1G7 

stem  weak,  simple,  corymbose  above;  pedun- 
cles elongated,  one-flowered;  rays  capillary, 
twice  the  length  of  the  hemispherical  calix. — 
Willd.,  Jlich..  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Bart.  Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S.  vol.  1.  t. 
20. 


Scabious.   Philadelphia  Flea-bane. 


From  two  to  three  feet  high.  Flowers  white  or  pale  blue. 
Possesses  medicinal  virtues,  and  on  this  account  is  valuable. 
(See  Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S.)  In  cultivated  fields,  every  where 
in  the  greatest  profusion.  Perennial    August,  September. 

3.  E.  radical  leaves  snbrotund-ovate,  deeply  den- heterophyt- 
tate,   petiolate ;  those   of  the    stem  lanccolate- 
acnte,  serrate  in  the  middle;  corymb  terminal. 

—  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  5.  p.  1956. 
Aster  annuus,  L.  and  Willd.  Sp.  PI.  3.  p.  2041. 
Icon.  Bart.  Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S.  vol.  1.  t.  21. 

Sweet  Scabious.     Various-leaved  Flea-bane. 

This  species  resembles  Xo.  2,  somewhat,  in  flowers  and 
habit.  It  differs  however,  strikingly,  in  its  leaves,  especially 
the  lower  and  radical  ones.  The  general  likeness  of  one  to 
the  other,  has  caused  them  to  be  collected  promiscuously  for 
medicinal  purposes;  thus  accidentally  leading  me  to  ascertain 
that  this  species  is  medicinal,  like  the  preceding.  (See  Veg. 
Mat.  Med.  U.  S.)  About  three  feet  high.  Flowers  purplish 
(rays).  In  cultivated  fields  with  Xo.  2,  but  not  so  abundant. 
Along  water-courses,  among  grass ;  frequent.  Biennial.  June, 
August. 

4.  E.  stem  hispid-paniculate,  very  much  branch-  canademe. 
ed;  leaves  lanceolate-linear,  ciliate;  calices  cy- 
lindrical, rays    crowded,  very   short. — Willd. 

and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Trans.  Physico-Medical  Society,  New- 
York,  vol.  1.  p.  49. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  noxious  weeds  of  our  country,  and 
has  perhaps  been  introduced.  It  varies  from  six  inches  to  four 
feet  in  height.  The  smallest  variety  Mr.  Xuttall  considers  a 
distinct  species — for  the  present  I  add  it  below  as  a  variety 


108  POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA. 

adopting  his  characters.  But  as  I  have  so  repeatedly  found  it  in 
all  the  grades  of  stature  from  two  or  three  inches  up  to  four 
feet,  I  am  rather  inclined  to  suspect  that  it  is  a  polymorphous 
plant,  assuming-  all  those  different  sizes  and  shapes,  from  the 
influence  of  situation,  soil,  8cc.  It  appears  to  be  possessed  of 
medicinal  properties.  (See  a  paper  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
New-York  Physico-Medical  Society,  by  Dr.  De  Puy,  vol.  1,  p. 
49,  accompanied  with  a  good  figure.)  In  cultivated  fields,  on 
commons,  road-sides,  and  particularly  on  the  borders  of  brick- 
ponds,  every  where,  unfortunately,  in  profusion.  Annual.  All 
summer. 

gpusMum.  erect,  low  and  slender;  stem  smooth;  panicle 
nearly  simple  ;  peduncles  almost  naked,  filiform 
and  divaricate;  leaves  lanceolate-linear,  all  en- 
tire, margin  scabrous;  discal  florets  4-cleft. 


316.  INULA.  Gen.  pi.  1295.  (Corymbiftrce.) 

Calix  squarrose  or  imbricate.  Mays  of  the 
corolla  numerous,  yellow.  Anthers  each 
bisetose  at  the  base.  Receptacle  naked. 
Pajjpus  simple. — JSTutt. 


ni&nana. 


1.  I.  villose;  leaves  sessile,  oblong-lanceolate,  at- 
tenuated at  the  base,  obtuse,  glandular-denticu- 
late ;  lower  ones  petiolate,  serrate ;  peduncles 
axillary,  corymbose,  glandular,  hairy. — Willd.. 
and  Pursh. 

I.  glandulosa,  Lamark. 
Icon.  Mill.  diet.  ic.  t.  57. 


Heleniurru 


Wild  Elecampane.  Yellow-aster. 

From  9ix  to  fifteen  inches  high.  Flowers  large,  yellow.  In 
woods  and  on  road-sides,  where  the  soil  is  arid  or  sandy; 
ever}7  where  common.  Perennial.  August,  October. 

2.  I.  leaves  amplexicaule,   ovate,  rough,  tomen- 
tose  beneath;  calix  with  ovate  scales. —  Willd. 

Icon.  FJ.  Dan.  728.  Engl.  Bot.  1546.  Wood- 
ville's  Med.  Bot.  vol.  2.  t.  108. 


POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA.  109 

Elecampane. 

This  well-known  plant,  is  becoming  naturalized  in  this  vici- 
nity, as  it  has  long-  been  in  different  parts  of  the  United  States. 
T  have  found  it  in  many  places  in  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Mary- 
land, and  Virginia,  with  every  appearance  of  being*  a  native 
plant.  On  the  borders  of  fields,  near  the  Buck  Inn,  on  the 
Lancaster  road.  In. Jersey  near  Woodbury,  and  on  the  Botanic- 
garden-ground  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  rare.  Pos- 
sesses medicinal  properties  and  has  been  much  esteemed  by 
physicians.  (See  Woodville.)  At  present  its  use  is  confined 
to  domestic  practice. — Plant  three  or  four  feet  high,  leaves 
very  large  and  rough.  Flowers  also  large  and  globose.  Pe- 
rennial.    July,  August. 

317.  ASTER.  Gen.pl.  1291.  (Corymbifera:.) 

Calix  imbricated,  the  lower  scales  partly  fo- 
liaceous  and  often  spreading.  Radial  flo- 
rets generally  more  than  10,  rarely  fewer, 
violaceous  or  white.  Receptacle  naked. 
Pappus  simple,  pilous. — J\Tutt. 

1.  A.  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  obsoletely  3-nerved,  jjjljfjjf'1 " 
very  entire,  obtuse,  rough  on  the  margin  $ 
branches  corymbose-fastigiate ;  flowers  sessile, 
crowded ;  ray  5-flowered ;  calices  iaibricated, 
shorter  than  the  disk ;  scales  oblong,  obtuse, 
adpressed,  somewhat  reflexed  at  the  apex. — 
WiUd.  and  Pnrsli. 

A.  SoHdaginoides,  Willd.  and  Muhl. 
A.  Solidagineus,  Mich. 
A.  Dracunculoides,  Lamark  ? 
Conza  linifolia,  L.  and  Walt. 
Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  79.  f.  2. 

White-topped  Star-wort.  Golden-rod  Aster. 

About  fifteen  or  eighteen  inches  high.  Flowers  white.  In 
Jersey,  on  the  borders  of  ppen  woods;  in  similar  places  west 
of  the  Delaware  ;  common.     Perennial.     July,  August. 

2.  A.  leaves  oblong,  3-nerved,  narrow  at  the  base,  conyzoides. 
acute;  upper  ones  sessile,  very  entire;    lower 


1 10  POLYGAMIA,  SUFERFLUA. 

ones  petiolate,  serrate;  stem  simple,  corymbose 
at  the  top;  calices cylindrical, squarrose ;  rays 
5,  short. —  Willd.  and  Pur sh. 

A.  Marylandicus,  Mich. 

Conyza  Asteroides,  Sp.  PI.  1206. 

Plow  maiis^  -wort. 

Resembles  No.  1,  somewhat  in  habit,  but  may  be  easily  dis- 
tinguished by  the  difference  in  the  leaves,  they  being  much 
broader  in  the  present  plant.  Flowers  white.  In  similar 
places  with  No.  1;  common.     Perennial.  August,  September. 

linanifoiius.  3.  A.  leaves  linear,  mucronate,  without  nerves  and 
without  dots,  carinated,  rough  and  stiff;  bran- 
ches recurved  ;  stem  sub-decumbent ;  branches 
fastigiate,  1-flowered;  calices  imbricate,  the 
length  of  the  disk. —  Willd.  Ait.  and  Pursh. 
A.  squarrosus,  Herb.  Banks.  Mss.  (Pursh.) 

Savoury -leaved  Star-wort. 

From  ten  to  twelves  inches  high.  Leaves  narrow  and  stiff. 
Flowers  pale-blue.  On  the  edges  of  sandy  woods  in  Jersey, 
abundant.     Perennial.     August,  October. 

cricoidei.  4.  A.  leaves  linear,  very  smooth,  those  of  the 
branches  subulate,  close  together;  those  of  the 
stem  elongated ;  calices  subsquarrose ;  folioles 
acute;  stem  glahrous. — Willd. 

Heath-leaved  Aster. 

This  is  by  far  the  commonest  species  in  this  vicinity,  grow- 
ing every  where  on  barren  ground,  even  among  the^turn- 
pike  stones,  and  along  the  edges  of  fences.  It  is  diffuse  or 
spreading.     Flowers  small,  white.     Perennial.  All  summer. 

concoior.  5.  A.  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  covered  all  over 
with  a  white  pubescence;  stem  quite  simple, 
erect,  pubescent ;  raceme  terminal ;  calices  im- 
bricated ;  scales  lanceolate,  silky,  adpressed. — 

Willd. 

Soft-leaved  Aster. 

A  very  elegant  species,  weD  worthy  of  cultivation  in  gar- 
dens.    I  have  transplanted  it  into  my  garden  where  it  thrived 


POLYGAMIC  SUPERFLl  A.  Ill 

exceedingly  well.  Flowers  deep-purple.  Leaves  soft,  small. 
In  Jersey,  along-  the  edges  of  woods  towards  Woodbury,  and 
immediately  near  that  village,  abundant.  1  have  not  found  it 
west  of  the  Delaware.     Perennial.     August,  September. 

6.  A.  leaves  lanceolate,  attenuated  at  the   base,  mnbeitaau. 
acuminate;  rough  on  the  margin  ;  stem  simple, 
corymbose-fastigiate  at  the  top  ;  calices  loosely 
imbricated;  scales  lanceolate-obtuse — Lamarh. 

A.  umbcllatus,  Ait.  and  Muhl. 

A.  amygdalinus,  Mich.,  Lamark,  and  Pursh. 

Umbelkd-jlowered  Star-wort 

From  two,  to  three  and  a  half  feet  high.  Flowers  large, 
white.  Leaves  remarkably  dry,  and  become  brittle  if  not  pre- 
pared for  the  herbarium  with  care.  In  the  boggy  ground  of 
the  Woodlands,  close  to  the  Darby  road.  In  a  swamp  near 
Woodbury.     Rare.  Perennial.  September. 

7.  A.  leaves  ovate-oblong,   acute,  amplexicaule,  ampiexicau- 
cordate,  serrate;    stem   paniculate,  glabrous;1 
branches  1-2-flowered ;    calicinc  scales  lanceo- 
late, closely  imbricated. —  Jf'illd.  and  Pursh, 

A.  amplexicaulis,  Willd.,  not  Mich. 

A.  cyanaeus,  far.  y,  according  to  Muhl. 

A.  Pennsylvanicus,  Lamark  ? 

About  three  feet  high.  Flowers  blue.  On  the  edges  of  woods 
and  thickets ;  not  uncommon.  Perennial.  August,  Septem- 
ber. 

8.  A.  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  nearly  entire,  gla-  sniisifoiius. 
brous  ;  stem  smooth,  panicled  at  the  top;  calices 
loose,  imbricated;  scales  acute,  spreading;  open- 
ing at  the  apex. —  Witld.  and  Pursh. 

A.  prsealtus,  Lamark. 

Icon.  Rob.  ic.  307.  (Pursh.) 

Willow -leaved  Aster. 

From  three  to  five  feet  high.  Leaves  resembling  exceeding- 
ly those  of  the  willow  tree.  Flowers  blue  or  reddish-blue.  On 
the  margins  of  ditches  and  in  boggy  thickets;  rare.  Near  a 


112  POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA. 

ditch  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  down  Eighth-street,  below  the 
hospital,  abundant.  Perennial.  August. 

spuiius.  9.  A.  leaves  lanceolate,  amplexicaule,  very  entire, 
auriculated  at  the  base;  stem  paniculate,  hairy; 
brandies  about  one-flowered;  calicine  scales 
loose,  lanceolate,  equal  to  the  disk. —  TVilld. 

A.  spurius,  Willd. 

A.  rubricaulis,  Lamark. 

A.  novse  anglise,  /3.  Ait. 

Spurious  Aster. 

Xear  three  feet  high.  Stem  very  hairy,  reddish.  Flowers 
reddish-purple,  handsome.  Near  swamps  and  watery  thick- 
ets in  Jersey  near  Woodbury,  rare.  Perennial.  September, 
October. 

Phiogifoiius.  jo.  A.  leaves  lanceolate,  cordate,  amplexicaule, 
pubescent  beneath,  rough  on  the  margin;  stem 
very  simple,  pubescent;  panicle  terminal,  loose, 
few-flowered ;  calicine  scales  loose,  imbricated, 
lanceolate. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

A.  phlogifolius,  Muhl. 

A.  amplexicaulis,  Mich. 

Phlox-leaved  Aster. 

A  very  elegant  species,  with  leaves  resembling  some  spe- 
cies of  Phlox.  From  two  to  three  feet  high.  Flowers  fine  vio- 
let-blue. In  thickets  among  large  autumnal  plants,  and  in 
woods,  not  uncommon.  Perennial.  August,  September. 

imduiatus.  11.  A.  leaves  oblong,  cordate,  amplexicaule,  en- 
tire, hairy,  somewhat  waved;  lower  ones  ovate, 
cordate,  subserrate,  petiolate ;  petioles  winged ; 
stem  paniculate,  hispid ;  branches  leaning  one 
way,  lealy,  one-flowered. —  Willd. 

A.  undulatus,  L.,  not  of  Ait. 

A.  amplexicaulis,  var.  /3.  Mich. 

Herm.  parad.  96.  (Pursh.)  Icon.  Hoff.  Phyt.  1. 

t.  c.  f.  1. 

Waved- stemmed  Aster. 

About  two  feet  high.  Flowers  violet.  In  similar  places  with 
No.  10.  Perennial.  August. 


POLYGAMI A,  SUPERFLUA.  1 13 

12.  A.  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  ciliate,  cordate,  patens, 
amplexieaule,  every  where  rough,  hairy ;  stem 
branched,  hairy ;  branches  spreading,  elonga- 
ted, few-flowered,  with  small  leaves ;  calicine 
scales  imbricated,  lanceolate,  spreading. — 
Willd.  and  Pursh. 

A.  patens,  »  illd.  and  Pers. 
A.  diversifolius,  Mich. 
A.  undulatus,  /3.,  Ait. 

Spreading  or  various-leaved  Aster. 

A  very  fine  species,  blooming-  with  a  profusion  of  flowers 
for  a  long  time.  From  six  inches  to  four  feet  high.  Lower- 
leaves  panduriform,  all  of  them  of  a  greyish-green.  The 
plant  when  vigorous  is  very  much  branched  or  bushy.  Flow- 
ers small,  pale-blue  or  purple.  In  the  woods  of  Jersey  this 
species  is  found,  at  the  roots  of  trees,  flowering  with  a  simple 
stem  scarce  six  inches  high.  In  more  favourable  situations 
it  becomes  as  large  as  above  described.  I  have  cultivated  it 
in  my  garden,  and  found  it  a  hardy,  showy,  perennial,  con- 
tinuing in  full  flower  for  two  months.  It  is  therefore  deserv- 
ing of  cultivation.  In  woods  and  thickets,  every  where  com- 
mon.    Perennial.     September  till  Xovember. 

13.  A.  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  sub- serrate,  petio-  panicuiatus. 
late,  glabrous  ;  those  at  the  root  ovate-cordate, 
serrate,  rough,  petiolate  :  petioles  naked ;  stem 

very  much  branched,  glabrous,  small :  branches 
hairy;  calices  loose,  nearly  imbricated. — Willd, 
Icon.  Corn.  Canad.  65,  (Pursh.) 

Panicled  Aster, 

A  well-marked  species,  from  eighteen  inches  to  four  feet 
high.  Flowers  reddish  and  white,  small,  numerous,  not  hand- 
some. In  thickets,  but  scarce;  seems  to  like  a  mosit  soil.  Pe- 
rennial.    August,  September. 

14.  A.  leaves  cordate,  hairy  beneath,  narrowly  coniifoiius. 
serrate,  petiolate  :  petioles  winged  ;  stem  pani- 
culate, somewhat  smooth  :    panicle  divaricate  ; 
calices  loose,  somewhat  imbricated, — WiUd.&nd 
Pursh. 

A.  cordifolius,  L.,  Mich.,  and  Pursh. 

VOX.  II.  11 


1 14  POLYGAMI A,  SUPERFLU A. 

Heart-leaved  Aster. 

From  one  to  three  feet  high.  Flowers  pale-blue  or  violet ; 
sometimes  whitish.  In  woods  and  thickets,  common.  Peren- 
nial.    August. 

In  Muhlenberg's  Catalogue,  this  Aster  stands  synonymous 
with  A.  heterophyllus  of  Willd. — perhaps  heterophyllus  of 
his  JWss.  or  Enwneratio — the  heterophyllus  of  his  species  plan- 
tarum,  being  given  on  the  authority  of  Thunberg,  from  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

corymbosus.  15.  a.  leaves  ovate,  narrowly  serrate,  acuminate, 
somewhat  smooth;  lower  ones  cordate,  p etio- 
late :  petioles  naked ;  stem  smooth,  corymbosc- 
fastigiate  ;  branches  hairy;  calices  oblong,  im- 
bricated; scales  obtuse,  closely  adpressed. — 
Willd.  and  Pursh. 
A.  corymbosus,  Ait. 

Corymbous-jlowered  Aster. 

From  fourteen  inches  to  two  feet  high.  Flowers  white,  in  a 
large  corymb.  On  the  shaded  rocks  bordering  the  Schuyl- 
kill ;  in  shaded  woods  and  thickets,  every  where  common. 
Perennial.     July. 

g.aiatus.      leaves  deeply  and  sharply  serrated,  long-acumi- 
nate; petioles  with  broad  wings.  B. 
A.  corymbosus,  &  alatus,  Bart.  Prod.  Fl.  Ph. 

This  is  a  permanent  variety  of  the  preceding,  which  I  have 
constantly  observed,  not  only  in  this  vicinity,  but  in  other 
parts  of  the  United  States.     Grows  with  No.  15.     July. 

comifoiius.    16.  A.  smooth ;    leaves  oblong-ovate,  acuminate, 
on  short  petioles,  margin   rough ;    stem    gla- 
brous ;  panicle  lew-flowered ;  branches  2-flow- 
ered;  calices  somewhat  imbricated. —  Willd. 
A.  Cornifolius,  Muhl. 

Dogwood-leaved  Aster. 

A  very  strongly  characterized  species,  with  leaves  resem- 
bling those  of  Dogwood.  It  is  one  of  the  most  common 
species  all  through  Maryland,  where  it  attains  a  height  of  four 
feet.  In  this  vicinity  it  is  very  rare,  and  I  have  not  met  with 
it  above  two  feet  high.  Flowers  white,  large.  In  the  thickets 
a  little  west  of  M'Mahon's  Garden,  and  in  those  four  miles 
above  the  falls  of  the  Schuylkill;  scarce.  Perennial.  August, 
September. 


POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA.  115 

1 7.  A.  leaves  ovate,  petiolate,  serrate,  rough  ;  up-  macrophyi- 
per  ones  ovate,  cordate,  sessile,  lower  ones  cor- 
date petiolate :  petioles  submarginate ;  stem 
branched,  diffuse;  calices  cylindric,  narrowly 
imbricated ;  scales  oblong,  acute. — WilkL  and 
Pursh. 


Large-leaved  Aster. 

About  twelve  or  fifteen  inches  high.  Flowers  bluish.  In  the 
shady  woods  above  the  falls  of  Schuylkill,  west  side,  abundant. 
Perennial.  September. 

18.  A.  leaves  amplexicaule,  lanceolate,  serrate,  punicem. 
roughish ;  branches  paniculate;  calices   loose, 
exceeding  the  disk;  folioles  linear-lanceolate, 
nearly  equal;  stem  hispid.— *Willd. 

A.  puniceus,  L. 

A.  hispidus,  Lamark. 

Icon.  Herm.  Lugdb.  651.  (Pursh.) 

Red-stalked  Aster. 

From  one  to  four  feet  high.  Stem  red,  very  hispid.  Flow- 
ers large,  blue.  A  fine  species  deserving  of  cultivation.  In  all 
the  swamps  and  watery  thickets  of  our  neighbourhood,  and  on 
the  margins  of  our  waters ;  common.  Perennial.  September, 
October. 

19.  A.  leaves  subamplexicaule,  remote,  oblong,  i«vis. 
very  entire,  shining;  radical  ones  subserrate; 
branches  simple,  one-flowered;  calices  imbri- 
cated; folioles  subcuneiform,  acute,  thickest  at 
the  apex;  stem  glabrous,  angular. —  Willd.  and 
Pursh. 

Smooth  Aster. 

A  pretty  and  well-marked  species,  with  simple  upright 
stems,  three  or  three  and  a  half  feet  high.  Flowers  bluish- 
purple.  In  thickets  about  half  a  mile  south-east  of  the  Buck- 
inn,  on  the  Lancaster  road.  Rare.  Perennial.  September. 


116  POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA. 

miser.  oq.  A.  leaves  sessile,  lanceolate,  serrate,  gla- 
brous ;  calices  imbricated,  folioles  acute ;  disk 
and  rays  equal ;  stem  somewhat  villous. — Willd. 


pcndulus. 


Small-flowered  Aster,     Small  Aster. 

A  small  species,  seldom  above  a  foot  high,  and  often  but 
six  inches.  Flowers  yellowish-white.  This  plant  is  nearly 
allied  in  aspect  to  small  specimens  of  Solidago  latifolia.  In 
the  damp  woods  near  Woodbury ;  rare.  Perennial.  Sep- 
tember. 

21.  A.  leaves  elliptic-lanceolate,  serrated,  gla- 
brous :  those  of  the  branches  somewhat  remote ; 
branches  very  divaricate,  pendulous ;  stem  pu- 
bescent.— Willd. 


divergens. 


Drooping  Aster. 

A  bushy  species  of  no  great  height,  the  branches  pendulous ; 
flowers  white,  turning  brown  after  a  few  days.  In  thickets, 
common.     Perennial.     October,  November. 

22.  A.  leaves  elliptic-lanceolate,  serrate,  gla- 
brous :  those  of  the  stem  linear-lanceolate,  elon- 
gated $  brandies  open;  calices  imbricated; 
stem  pubescent. — Willd. 


diffusus. 


Diverging  Aster. 

About  two  or  three  feet  high.  Flowers  small,  rays  white, 
disk  reddish-brown.  In  thickets,  not  rare.  Perennial.  Sep- 
tember, November. 

23.  A.  leaves  elliptic-lanceolate,  serrate,  glabrous, 
proportionate ;  branches  open ;  calices  imbri- 
cated ;  stem  pubescent. — Willd. 


Red-flowered  Aster. . 

Resembles  No.  22,  very  much.  Flowers  small,  white,  with 
a  reddish  disk.  In  similar  places  with  the  preceding.  Peren- 
nial.   September  till  November. 


POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA.  117 

24.  A.  leaves  lanceolate,  somewhat  scabrous,  sub-  spectabiiis. 
amplexicaule ;    lower  ones  serrate  in  the  mid- 
dle ;    branches    corymbous  ;    calicine*  folioles 
loose,  leafy,  sub-cuneiform*  somewhat  acute ; 
squarrose. — JVilld. 

Showij  Aster. 

From  two  to  three  feet  high.  Flowers  large,  blue.  In 
Jersey  near  Woodbury  ;  rare.     Perennial.     August,  October. 

25.  A.  leaves  linear,  smoothish  ;  stem  very  much  muitifloms. 
branched,  diffused*  pubescent:  branches  lean- 
ing one  way;  calices  imbricated;  scales  oblong, 
squarrose,  acute. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Dill.  elth.  t.  36.  f.  40.  (Pursh.) 

Many -flowered  Aster. 

A  very  common  species,  resembling  No.  4,  somewhat. 
Flowers  middle  size,  white,  rarely  pale-blue.  In  old  fields 
and  on  grassy  way -sides,  every  where  very  common.  Peren- 
nial.    September. 

leaves  ciliate,  those  of  the  stem  linear-lanceolate,  £.  **8*«* 
nerved — of  the  branches  very  short,  lanceolate, 
3-nerved  ;  stem  branched,  pubescent ;  branches 
paniculate;  calices  imbricated;  scales  spathu- 
late,  squarrose. — Willd. 

Fringed-leaved  Aster. 

Closely  allied  to  the  preceding,  but  easily  known  from  it  by 
the  above  characters.  Grows  with  it,  but  very  rare.  Septem- 
ber. 

26.  A.  leaves  linear,  or  linear-lanceolate,  obso-  n-agiiis. 
letely   and  sparingly  serrated   in   the   middle :  ^  tei)Uiculu« 
branches  weak ;  calices  imbricated ;  folioles  lan- 
ceolate-acute, margined.  B. 

A.  tenuiculus,  Bart.  Prod.  Fl.  Ph.  p.  81. 

11* 


ledifolius. 


tenuifolius. 


118  POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA. 

About  one  or  two  feet  high.  Very  slender  and  weak.  Flow- 
ers white,  rather  small.  In  swampy  thickets,  not  uncommon. 
Perennial.  August. 

27.  A.  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  attenuated  at  the 
base,  nerveless,  scabrous,  margin  revolutc ; 
branches  corymbose;  branchlets  filiform,  one- 
flowered,  somewhat  naked;  calices  loose,  im- 
bricated, twice  as  short  as  the  disk ;  folioles  very 
acute ;  ray  sub-20-flowered. — Pursh. 

A.  salsuginosus,  Bart.  Prod.  Fl.  Ph. 

Fifteen  inches  high.  In  the  swamps  of  Jersey,  near  Wood- 
bury; rare.  Perennial.  July. 

28.  A.  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  attenuated  at  each 
end,  hispid  on  the  margin;  stem  glabrous, 
branched,  erect ;  branchlets  one-flowered ;  cali- 
ces imbricated,  scales   oblong-acute,  loose. — 

mud. 

A.  Philadelphicus,  Bart.  Prod.  FL  Ph. 

From  one  to  two  feet  high.  In  neglected  fields.  August.  Re- 
sembles No.  4  and  No.  25,  but  very  distinct.  It  appears  to  me 
to  be  a  variety  of  A.  Tradescanti.  But  in  reality  this  polymor- 
phous genus  is  so  deceptive,  that  it  is  not  improbable  4,  25  and 
this  No.  will  turn  out  to  be  little  else  than  anomalous  varie- 
ties of  one  species.  The  same  observation  applies  to  many 
other  species,  which  I  have  enumerated  above,  though  I  give 
them  the  places  usually  assigned  to  them  in  the  books.  Close 
attention  to  the  cultivation  of  the  79  species  of  this  elegant 
genus,  and  their  enumerated  varieties,  would  in  all  proba- 
bility result  in  a  reduction  of  the  species  to  one  half  that  num- 
ber. 

318.  SOLIDAGO.  Gen.  pi.  1292.  (Corymbiferx.) 

Calix  imbricated,  scales  closed.  Radical 
florets  about  5,  yellow.  Receptacle  naked; 
punctate.     Pappus  simple,  pilose. 

canadensis,    j.  S.  stem  villous ;  leaves  lanceolate,  serrated,  three- 
nerved,  rough ;  racemes  paniculated,  leaning  one 
way,  recurved ;  ligula^  short. — Willd. 
Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  263.  f.  l. 


POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUAy  1 19 

Three-nerved  Golden-rod,       * 

This  is  one  of  the  finest  species  of  this  handsome  genus. 
From  two  to  five  feet  high.  Flowers  in  this  as  in  all  the  suc- 
ceeding species,  except  No.  10,  are  yellow.  On  the  borders 
of  fields,  and  in  natural  hedges,  every  where  common.  Pe- 
rennial.    July  till  September. 

2.  S.  stem  erect,  glabrous ;  leaves  lanceolate,  ser-  giRantea. 
rate,  with  a  scabrous  margin,  obsoletely  three- 
nerved ;  racemes   panicled,  leaning  one   way ; 
peduncles  hairy;  ligulse  short. — Willd. 

Large  Golden-rod. 

A  species  resembling  No.  1,  very  closely.  It  grows  in  simi- 
lar places.     Also  a  fine  plant.     Perennial.  July  till  September. 

3.  S.  stem  erect,  terete,  hairy;  leaves  ovate,  sub-  aspera. 
elliptical,  very  scabrous,  rugose,  serrate,  with- 
out nerves  ;   racemes  paniculate,  leaning   one 
way. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Dill.  elth.  t.  305.  f.  392.  (Pursh.) 

Rough  Golden-rod. 


lD 


From  two  to  three  feet  high.  Not  a  handsome  species,  and 
easily  known  by  its  rough,  rugose  leaves.  In  old  fields  and 
natural  hedges,  not  common.  Perennial.  September,  Oc- 
tober. 

4.  S.  stem  erect,  hairy;  leaves  lanceolate,  lower aitissin 
ones  deeply  serrated,  very  scabrous  and  rugose; 
panicle  leaning  one  way. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Mart.  Cent.  14.  (Pursh.) 

Tallest  Golden-rod. 

A  very  tall  species  of  which  there  are  two  or  three  varieties. 
In  thickets:  hedges  and  old  fields,  common.  Perennial.  Au- 
gust, September. 

5.  S.  stem  erect,  hairy,  furrowed  ;  leaves  oblong,  ^abra. 
attenuated  at  each  end,  acuminated,  glabrous 
above,  rugose,  scabrous  beneath,  adpressed-ser- 
rated  in  the  middle;  racemes  secund. — Willd. 


120  .POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA. 

Scabrous-leaved  Golden-rod. 

A  handsome  and  well-marked  species,  with  brilliant  flowers. 
From  eighteen  inches  to  three  feet  and  a  half  high.  In  damp 
places  and  boggy  grounds,  not  unfrequent.  In  the  lowest 
grounds  of  Powelton,  abundant.  Perennial.  August,  Sep- 
tember. 

patuia.         6.  S.  stem  erect,  glabrous;  leaves  elliptical,  ser- 
rated, glabrous;  those  of  the  root  oblong-spathu- 
late;    racemes   paniculate,    leaning   one    way, 
open  or  spreading;  peduncles  pubescent. — Willd. 
S.  patula,  Muhl. 

Spreading-branched  Golden-rod. 

From  two  to  three  and  a  half  feet  high.  Not  a  handsome 
species.  In  hedges,  neglected  fields  and  thickets,  not  un- 
common. Perennial.  August,  September. 

Himifoiia.  7.  S.  stem  erect,  glabrous,  striate;  leaves  ellipti- 
cal, deeply  serrate,  acuminate,  villous  beneath, 
those  at  the  root  obovale ;  racemes  paniculated ; 
peduncles  villous;  ligulse  short. — Willd.  and 
Pursh. 
S.  ulmifolia,  Muhl. 

Elm-leaved  Golden-rod. 

An  ordinary  looking  species,  with  leaves  somewhat  resem- 
bling those  of  an  elm-tree.  From  fourteen  inches  to  two  and 
a  half  feet  high.  In  woods,  fields  and  hedges,  and  the  edges 
of  swamps  in  Jersey,  common.  More  rare  west  of  the  Dela- 
ware. Perennial.  August  till  October. 

itrguta.  8.  S.  stem  erect,  smooth;  leaves  smooth,  finely 
and  unequally  serrated ;  those  of  the  stem  ellipti- 
cal, of  the  root  ovate-oblong  ;  racemes  panicu- 
lated, leaning  one  way ;  ligulai  long. — Mick. 

Sharp-notched  Golden-rod. 

A  very  handsome  and  well-characterized  species,  with  the 
leaves  finely  and  irregularly  serrated.  It  is  the  earliest  bloom- 
ing species  of  the  genus  in  this  vicinity.  Flowers  brilliant. 
Plant  from  eighteen  inches  to  four  feet  high.  In  hedges,  the 
borders  of  rivulets,  and  in  meadows,  every  where  common. 
Perennial.  Early  in  July,  September. 


POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA.  121 

9.  S.  stem  erect,  pubescent;  leaves  lincar-Iancco- o(lora- 
late,  very  entire,  glabrous,  rough  on  tbe  mar- 
gin ;  racemes  paniculated,  leaning  one  way. — 

mini. 

Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  116.  f.  6. 

Fragrant  Golden-rod. 

This  handsome  species  is  well-marked,  and  easily  distin- 
guished from  other  species  by  its  foliage,  but  more  especially 
by  its  delicious  fragrance,  somewhat  resembling  that  of  anise- 
teed.  The  whole  plant  exhales  this  scent.  Possesses  medicinal 
virtues.  In  Jersey,  in  thickets  along  the  course  of  the  Delaware, 
and  not  far  from  the  water.  Perennial.  August,  September. 

10.  S.  stem  and  leaves  elliptical,  hairy,  lower  ones  bicoior. 
serrated;  branches  leafy :  racemes  erect;  cali- 
cine  folioles  obtuse.—  Willd. 

Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  114.  f.  3. 

White-flowered  Golden-rod. 

From  fourteen  inches  to  three  feet  high.  Flowers  whitish, 
in  long,  dense  racemes.  This  species  is  strikingly  dissimilar  to 
any  of  the  rest,  in  its  white-rayed  flowers.  I  have  rarely  seen 
them  with  even  a  shade  of  yellow.  In  dry  woods,  particularly 
on  the  borders,  and  on  exposed  sunny  hills ;  very  common. 
Perennial.  August,  September. 

11.  S.  stem  tall  and  smooth,  simple  or  virgately  petioians. 
branched ;  leaves  lanceolate,  entire,  somewhat 
carnose,  scabrous  on  the  margin,  the  lower  very 
broad,  radical  ones  subserrate  ;  racemes  termi- 
nal, erect  and  compound,  pubescent;  peduncles 
mostly  shorter  than  the  calix ;  rays  elongated, 
about  5  ;  seed  smooth. — Nutt. 

S.  petiolaris,  Willd.  and  Muhl. 
S.  speciosa,  Nutt. 

Late-flowering  Golden-rod. 

This  elegant  species  is  extremely  rare.  It  attains  r  great 
height,  and  is  proportionably  large  in  other  respects.  I  have 
found  it  near  seven  feet  high  in  Jersey,  about  a  mile  east  of 
Woodbury.   Flowers  large,  leaves  fleshy.   The  plant  describ- 


122  POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA. 

ed  above  by  Mr.  Nuttall,  which  he  says  is  allied  to  petiolaris, 
is  the  real  S.  petiolaris  of  Muhl.  and  consequently  of  Willd.  Tt 
is  one  of  the  latest  flowering  species,  seldom  ever  in  full 
bloom,  till  the  last  of  October  or  beginning  of  November,  and 
continuing  a  month  in  flower.  In  Jersey,  near  Woodbury, and 
in  the  woods  above  the  falls  of  Schuylkill ;  rare.     Perennial. 


12.  S.  stem  hairy,  angular,  very  much  branched; 
leaves  lanceolate-linear,  very  entire,  somewhat 
erect,  3-5-nerved,  somewhat  scabrous;  nerves 
hairy  beneath ;  axills  naked ;  corymbs  terminal, 
fastigiate ;  branchlets  capitate ;  ligulge  as  high 
as  the  disk. — Willd.  and  Pursh, 

S.  lanceolata,  var.  «.,  Mich. 
Chrysocoma  graminifolia,  L. 

Spear-leaved  Golden-rod, 

A  very  handsome  species,  with  leaves  of  a  very  yellow- 
green.  From  two  to  three  feet  high.  Rather  rare.  On  the 
bank  walk  from  Gray's  ferry  to  Kingsess  gardens — and  on  the 
road  to  Lemon-hill,  not  far  from  the  Schuylkill.  Perennial. 
August. 

13.  S.  stem  scabrous,  angular,  corymbose,  branch- 
ed ;  leaves  very  narrow,  linear,  spreading,  ob- 
scurely three*-nerved,  scabrous ;  axills  leafy ; 
corymbs  terminal,  fastigiate;  branchlets  capi- 
tate ;  ligulse  scarcely  higher  than  the  disk. — 
Pursh, 

S.  tenuifolia,  Pursh. 

S.  lanceolata,  /3.  minor,  Mich. 

Slender-leaved  Golden-rod, 

From  twelve  to  fifteen  inches  high.  Leaves  very  narrow. 
A  very  rare  species  in  this  vicinity.  I  have  only  found  it  on 
the  bank  walk  from  Gray's  ferry  to  Kingsess  gardens,  and 
near  Cooper's  creek,  Jersey.     Perennial.     September. 

14.  S.  stem  even,  erect;  leaves  lanceolate,  gla- 
brous ;  racemes  erect ;  ligulse  middle  sized. — 
Willd, 

Icon.  Dill.  elth.  t.  307.  f.  395. 


POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA.  123 

Blue-stemmed  Golden-rod. 

A  very  elegant  species,  two  or  two  and  a  half  feet  high. 
Stem  blue.  Flowers  deep  brilliant-yellow.  In  woods  and 
shady  thickets  ;  common.     Perennial.     August,  September. 

15.  S.  stem  flcxuous,  glabrous,  angular;  racemes  flexieauiis. 
erect,  axillary  ;  ligulse  middle  size. — Willd.  and 
Pursh. 

Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  235.  f.  4. 

Waved-stemmed  Golden-rod. 

From  one  to  three  feet  high,  resembling  very  much  Xo.  14, 
and  from  which  it  does  not  seem  to  be  sufficiently  distinct. 
The  blue  stem,  however,  of  No.  14,  will  always  distinguish  it 
from  the  present  species.  In  similar  places  with  No.  14 ; 
common.     Perennial.     August,  September. 

16.  S.  stem  erect;    leaves  ovate-acuminate,  ser- ktifoiia. 
rate ;  racemes  lateral,  simple. — Sp.  PL 

S.  latifolia,  Mich. 

S.  flexicauiis,  0.  latifolia,  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

This  is  generally  considered  as  a  variety  of  No.  15,  from 
which  it  is  certainly  much  more  distinct  than  is  that  species 
from  No.  14.  I  have  followed  Muhl.  in  giving  it  as  a  distinct 
species.  A  very  handsome  plant,  from  eight  to  sixteen  inches 
high — leaves  very  broad,  subject  to  a  disease,  discovering  itself 
in  circular  raised  spots.  On  the  rocks  bordering  the  Schuyl- 
kill and  Wissahickon ;  abundant.  Perennial.  August,  Sep- 
tember. 

17.  S.  stem  erect,  hairy;  leaves  lanceolate,  very  mgosa. 
scabrous,  rugose;    lower  ones  adpressed-ser- 
rate ;    racemes  paniculated,  leaning  one    way, 
very  open. —  Willd, 

S.  altissima,  e.  Ait. 

Icon.  Dill.  elth.  t.  308.  f.  396.  (Pursh.) 

Wrinkled-leaved  Golden-rod. 

About  two  feet  high.  An  ordinary  looking  species.  In 
Jersey,  near  Woodbury  ;  rare.    Perennial.    August. 


POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA. 

18.  S.  stem  hairy  ;  leaves  ovate-oblong,  hairy,  sca- 
brous :  those  of  the  stem  entire,  the  lower  ones 
serrated;  the  flower-bearing  branches  panicu- 
lated;  racemes  compact;  ligulse  elongated. — 
Willd. 

Icon.  Herm.  parad.  243.  (Pursh.) 

Stiff  Golden-rod. 

About  two  feet  high,  not  handsome.  Resembles  an  Aster. 
Flowers  large,  pale-yellow.  In  Jersey,  near  Haddonfield; 
rare.    Perennial.    August  till  October. 

19.  S.  stem  erect,  tomentose;  stem-leaves  lanceo- 
late, hispid,  very  entire,  those  of  the  root  sub- 
cuneiform,  serrated;  racemes  paniculated,  lean- 
ing one  way. — Willd. 

From  one  to  two  feet  high.  Whole  plant  of  a  grey  aspect. 
Flowers  deep-yellow  and  handsome.  In  dry  woods  and  fields, 
common.     Perennial.     August  till  October. 

20.  S.  stem  villous,  erect ;  leaves  lanceolate,  ser- 
rated, three-nerved,  scabrous,  villous  beneath ; 
racemes  spike-form,  erect;  ligulse  short. — 
Willd. 

Great  Golden-rod. 

A  very  tall  species,  as  high  as  No.  4.  In  the  hedges  near 
Woodbury ;  rare.     Perennial.     July,  September. 


iiricta. 


21.  S.  stem  erect,  glabrous;  stem-leaves  lanceo- 
late, very  entire,  glabrous,  scabrous  on  the 
margin,  those  of  the  root  serrate  :  racemes  pa- 
niculated, erect;  peduncles  glabrous. —  Willd. 


About  two  feet  high.  In  the  dry  sandy  woods  of  Jersey,  be- 
tween Woodbury  and  the  Delaware ;  rare.  Perennial.  Au- 
gust, October. 


POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA.  V25 

319.  SENECIO.  Gen  pi.  1291.  (Corymbi/era.) 

Receptacle  naked.  Pappus  simple.  Calix 
cylindrical,  calyculate;  scales  sphacelate 
at  the  apex. 

1.  S.  leaves  amplexicaule,pinnatifid,  dentate ;  flow-  vulgaris, 
ers  corymbose,  coarctate. —  JFilld.  and  Pursh. 

Common  Groundsel. 

An  introduced  weed,  from  Europe.  Near  gardens,  and  the 
fields  of  our  vicinity,  not  unfrequent.  Annual.  From  April 
till  late  in  autumn. 

-2.  S.  stem  virgate,  paniculated;  leaves  amplexi-  hieracifoiuu. 
caule,  oblong,  acute,  unequally  and  deeply  den- 
tated;  calices  smooth. — T-Filld.  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Pluk.  phyt.  t.  112.  f.  1. 

Fire-weed.  Hawk-weed.  Groundsel. 

From  a  foot  to  three  feet  high.  Flowers  white.  This  is 
one  of  the  commonest  weeds  in  our  country,  growing  almost 
every  where,  even  on  the  roofs,  and  in  the  spouts  of  the 
roofs  of  old  houses.     Annual.  July,  August. 

3.  S.  radical  leaves  obovate,  crenate-serrate,  pe-  obovatus. 
tiolated;  stem-leaves  pinnatifid,  dentated;  flowers 
somewhat  umbelled,  on  long  peduncles;  stem 
smooth ish. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

S.  obtusatus.  Herb.  Banks,  Mss.  (Pursh.) 

Obovate-leaved  Groundsel 

About  twelve  or  fifteen  inches  high.  Resembles  No.  4, 
from  which  it  may,  however,  be  easily  distinguished  by  its 
obovate,  radical  leaves,  its  smaller  and  less  brilliant  flowers, 
being  besides  a  smaller  plant.  In  shady  woods,  on  rocks  ; 
rare.     Perennial.     June. 


4.  S.  radical  leaves  ovate-cordate,  serrated,  petio-  aureus. 
lated ;  those  of  the  stem  pinnatifid,  dentated,  the 

VOL.  II.  12 


^ 


126  POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA. 

terminal  segments  lanceolate;  peduncles  subum- 
bellate,  thickish. — W'dld.  and  Pursh. 

Golden-jlowered  Groundsel. 

A  very  ornamental  plant,  bearing  a  profusion  of  fine  brilliant 
yellow  flowers.  Every  where  on  the  margins  of  water-courses, 
common.  From  a  foot  to  three  feet  high.  It  improves  much  by 
cultivation,  as  I  have  found  by  experiment.  Perennial.  June, 
July. 


320.  CHRYSANTHEMUM.  Gen.pl.  1307.  (Cory?nbtfer<e.) 

Calix  hemispherical,  imbricated;  innermost 
scales  scariose.  Receptacle  naked.  Pap- 
pus none. 

Leucanthe-    1.  C.  leaves  amplexicaule,  lanceolate,  serrated; 
mum*  base  cut-dentate;  stem  erect,  branched. — Willd. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  994.  Engl.  Bot.  601. 

Ox-eye  Daisy.    White-weed.    Richardson'' s  Clover. 

About  a  foot  or  fifteen  inches  high.  Flowers  large,  white. 
This  is  an  introduced  plant,  which  has  become  a  pestiferous 
weed  to  our  farmers  all  through  the  country.  In  cultivated 
fields,  grassy  lawns,  and  on  road-sides,  every  where  in  profu- 
sion. It  is  impossible  to  extirpate  it.  Perennial.  June,  July. 


Cotula. 


321.  ANTHEMIS.  Gen.  pi.  1312.  (Corymbiferce.) 

Calix  hemispherical,  subequal.  Mays  more 
than  5.  Receptacle  paleaceous ;  paleae  fiat, 
with  rigid  acuminated  points.  Pappus 
none  or  marginal. — JSTutt. 

1.  A.  receptacle  conical,  its  scales  bristle-shaped  ; 
seeds  naked;  leaves  doubly  pinnatifid,  some- 
what smooth. — Smith. 

A.  arvensis,  Pursh,  not  L.  and  others. 

Icon.  Bart.  Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S.  vol.  1. 1. 14. 


POLY  GAMIA,  SUPERFLUA.  127 

May -weed.     Wild  Chamomile.      Stinking  Chamo- 
mile.   Dog's  Fennel. 

A  well-known  weed,  resembling  common  Chamomile. 
Flowers  white.  In  wastes  every  where,  and  in  profusion  in 
the  streets  of  our  suburbs.  Possesses  medicinal  virtues.  (See 
Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U,  S.)    Annual.  All  summer. 

322.  ACHILLEA.  Gen.  pi.  1313.  (Corvmbiftra.) 

Calix  ovate,  imbricated.  Kays  5  to  10, 
roundish.  Receptacle  paleaceous.  Pappus 
none. 

1.  A.  leaves  bipinnatifid,  hairy;  the  segments  li- millefolium. 
near-dentate,    mucronatej     stem    furrowed.-— 
Smith  and  Willd. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  737.  Engl.  Bot.  758.  Wood- 
ville's  Med.  Bot.  vol.  1.  p.  179.  t.  64. 

Yarrow.    Milfoil. 

Yarrow  has  been  introduced  from  Europe,  but  is  now  per- 
fectly naturalized.  About  eighteen  inches  high.  Flowers 
white.  Possesses  medicinal  virtues.  (See  Woodville's  Med. 
Bot.)  In  fields,  hedges,  and  by  fences,  every  where  common. 
Perennial.     June,  July. 

323.  HELIOPSIS.  Pers.  Syn.  2.  p.  473.  (Corymbiferce.) 

Calix  imbricated,  scales  subovate,  lined. 
Rays  large  and  linear.  Receptacle  palea- 
ceous, conic,  pal»a  lanceolate.  Seeds  4- 
sided.     Pappus  none. — JSTutt. 

1 .  H.  leaves  opposite,  ovate-serrate,  three-nerved.  i*vis. 

— Pers. 
Heliopsis  la^vis,  Pers. 
Bupltthalmum  helianthoides,  Willd. 
Helianthus   lsevis,   Sp.    PL    1278.   and   L'Herit. 

Stirp. 
Rudbeckia  oppositifolia,  Sp.  PI.  1280. 
Silphium  solidaginoides,  Sp.  PI.  1302. 


\S 


128 


autumn  ale. 


POLYGAMIA,  FRUSTRANEA. 

Smooth  Ox-eye. 

About  two  or  three  feet  high.  Flowers  large,  yellow,  and 
very  handsome.  Resembles  the  species  of  the  succeeding 
genus.  On  the  banks  of  the  Delaware,  between  Kaighn's 
point  and  the  next  ferry  below,  in  profusion,  in  thickets  else- 
where.    Perennial.     August,  October. 

324.  HELENIUM.  Gen.  pi.  1299.  (Conjmbifene.) 

Calix  simple,  niauy-parted.  Rays  of  the 
flower  semitrifid.  Receptacle  naked,  glo- 
bose ;  the  rays  only  paleaceous.  Seed 
villous ;  pappus  paleaceous,  about  5-leav- 
ed,  leaflets  awned. — J\Tutt. 

l.  H.  leaves  lanceolate,  serrated,  sub-decurrent; 
stem  corymbose  above ;  corrollulse  of  the  disk 
5 -cleft,*  rays  flat,  reflexed. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Sneeze-weed. 

From  three  to  four  feet  high.  Flowers  yellow.  Possesses 
errhine  properties,  and  may  consequently  be  useful  in  medi- 
cine. In  watery  thickets,  and  on  the  mashy  shores  of  the  De- 
laware, Schuylkill,  and  other  waters;  abundant.  Perennial. 
October,  November. 


mollis. 


ORDER  III.— POLYGAMIA,  FRUSTRANEA. 

(Discal  florets  bisexual;  rays  neutral,  sterile.') 

325.  HELIANTHUS.Gen.pl.  1322.  (Corymbifene.) 

Calix  imbricated,  subsquarrose,  foliaceous, 
Receptacle  paleaceous,  flat.  Pappus  pa- 
leaceous, 2-leaved,  caducous. — Nutt. 

1.  H.  leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  three-nerved;  ad- 
pressed-serrate,  scabrous  above,  white  pubes- 


POLYGAMIA,  FRUSTR ANEA.  I  29 

cent,  and  very  soft  underneath  ;  calicine  scales 
lanceolate,  adpressed. —  Willd.  enum. 
H.  tomentosus,  Mich. 

Sojt-leaved  Sun-flower. 

From  two  to  three  feet  high.  Leaves  remarkably  soft  un- 
derneath, and  rough  above.  Flowers  yellow.  In  fields  and 
meadows,  and  along  fences,  every  where  common.  Peren- 
nial. July  till  October. 

2.  H.  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  serrated,  traeheiifoiitu. 
three-nerved,    all   over   very  rough  ;   calicine 

scales  linear-lanceolate,  ciliate,  exterior  ones 
longer. — JFilld. 
H.  Gigas,  Mich. 
• 

Throat-wort-leaved  Sunflower. 

About  the  size  of  No.  1.  Flowers  also  yellow.  In  woods, 
thickets,  meadows,  and  dry  swamps ;  common.  Perennial. 
August  till  October. 

3.  H.  stem  glabrous,  very  much  branched ;  leaves  divaricate. 
sub-opposite,    sessile,   lanceolate-ovate,    three- 
nerved;    panicle   trichotoinous,   weak,    small- 
flowered. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Small -flowered  or  Bough-leaved  Sun-flower. 

Resembles  both  No.  1,  and  No.  2,  but  is  taller  and  has 
smaller  flowers,  and  narrower  leaves.  Flowers  entire,  pale- 
yellow.  In  similar  places  with  No.  1,  the  commonest  species 
in  this  neighbourhood.     Perennial.     August  till  October. 

4.  H.  leaves  ovate-acuminate,  remotely  serrated,  decaPe,a,u% 
tripli-nerved,  scabrous;  calicine  scales  lanceo- 
late, nearly  equal,  sub-ciliate;  rays  ten  or  ele- 
ven.—  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Rob.  ic.  235.  (Pursh.) 

Ten-petalled  Sunflower. 

From  three  to  four  feet  high.  Flowers  large.  In  dry  woods 
of  Jersev,  rare.     Perennial.  August,  September. 


130  POLYGAMIA,  FRUSTRANEA. 

326.  RUDBECKIA.  Gen.  pi.  132£.  ( Corymbiferx.) 

Calix  subequal,  mostly  consisting  of  a  double 
series  of  leaflets.  Receptacle  paleaceous, 
conic.  Pappus  a  4- toothed  margin. — JWtt. 

laciniata.  1.  R.  lower  leaves  pinnate;  wings  three-lobed, 
upper  ones  ovate;  pappus  crenate;  stem  gla- 
brous. — Schrader.  Willd.  enum. 

Icon.  Corn.  Canad.  t.  179.  (Pursh.)  Morris. 
Hist.  3.  s.  6.  t.  6.  f.  5S. 

Jagged-leaved  Rudbeckia. 

A  fine  showy  plant,  from  three  to  six  feet  high.  Flowers 
very  large,  yellow,  with  the  petals  long,  drooping.  I  have 
cultivated  this  plant,  in  my  garden,  and  found  it  hardy.  In 
watery  thickets,  and  on  the  margins  of  all  the  neighbouring 
waters;  common.    Perennial.     August,  October. 

pinnata  ?  2.  R.  all  the  leaves  pinnate,  orfe  or  both  of  the  lower 
wings  bi-partile,  the  rest  undivided ;  pappus  very 
entire;  stem  furrowed,  hispid. — Schrader  and 
Willd,  enum. 

R.  digitata,  Willd.  Sp.  PL 

R.  odorata,  Hortul. 

Icon.  Smith  Exot.  Bot.  38.  Vent.  jard.  eels.  71. 

Resembles  No.  1,  very  much.  I  am  not  certain  that  this  is 
the  true  pinnata;  it  seems,  however,  to  fit  the  description.  In 
thickets  near  the  Buck-inn  on  the  Lancaster-road,  very  rare. 
Flowers  yellow.  Perennial.  July,  August. 

327.  BIDENS.  Gen.  pi.  1267.  ( Corymbiferx.) 

Calix  subequal,  caliculate.  Rays  often  want- 
ing. Receptacle  paleaceous,  flat.  Pappus 
&  or  4  reflected  or  erect  and  retrorsely  sca- 
brous awns.  Seed  4-sided. — J\*utt. 

cemua.        !•  B.  flowers  subradiated,  drooping;  exterior  ca- 


POLYGAMIA,  FRUSTRANEA.  131 

lix   longer  than  the  flower ;  leaves  lanceolate, 
sub-connate,  dentated. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  841.  Cent.  fl.  Lond.  3.  t.  55. 

A  showy  plant  with  yellow  flowers,  that  are  either  with  or 
without  rays,  inhabiting  ditches,  low  wet  meadows,  and  the 
marshy  borders  of  all  our  waters.  Annual.  August,  September. 

leaves  lanceolate,  serrated,  opposite,  amplexicaule.  $  coreopsis. 
Sp.  PL 

Icon.  Barrel,  ic.  t.  1209.  Loess,  fl.  Pruss.  t. 
11.  (Pursh.) 

In  similar  places  with  the  preceding".  Common.  Flowers 
either  with  or  without  rays.     August. 

2.  B.  flowers  with  rays,  drooping ;  the  ray  three  chiysamhe-  i 
times  as  long  as  the  subequal  calix;  leaves  ob-m 

long,  attenuated  at  each  end,  dentated,  connate 

at  the  base. —  Willd.  and  Mich. 
Coreopsis  perfoliata,  Walt. 
C.  flammula,  Herb.  Banks,  Mss.  (Pursh.) 

This  is  the  most  elegant  species  of  the  genus,  which  grows 
in  this  neighbourhood.  Flowers  very  large,  and  of  a  deep 
yellow.  In  all  overflowed  places,  especially  the  borders  of 
our  waters;  common.  Annual.     August,  September. 

3.  B.   flowers  discoid;   outer  calix  six  times  as frondosa. 
long  as  the  flower,  its  leaves  ciliate  at  base; 
lower  leaves  pinnate,  upper  ones  tcrnate,  lan- 
ceolate, serrated. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Morris.  Hist.  3.  s.  6.  t.  5.  f.  21. 

Burr  Marigold. 

About  a  foot  or  two  high.  \In  shady  woods  on  good  soil, 
and  in  shady  thickets  ;  common.  Flowers  without  rays.  An- 
nual.   July,  September. 

4.  B.   flowers    sub-radiate;   exterior    calix   the  wpinnat 
length  of  the  interior ;  leaves  bi-pinnate:  foli- 
oles  lanceolate,  pinnatih'd. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Herm.  Farad,  t.  123.  (Pursh.) 


132  POLYGAMIA,  FRUSTRANEA. 

Spanish  Needles. 

From  ten  to  eighteen  inches  high.  The  seeds  are  long, 
prickly,  and  adhere  to  the  cloths  of  persons  who  pass  through 
fields  or  woods  where  the  plant  grows.  The  rays  of  the  flow- 
ers are  very  small,  and  yellow.  In  neglected  fields  and  woods, 
abundant.     Perennial.     July,  October. 

328.  COREOPSIS.  Gen.  pi.  1325.  (Conjmbiferoe.) 

Calix  double,  both  many -leaved,  (8  to  IS,) 
interior  equal,  subcoriaceous  and  coloured. 
Recejrtacle  paleaceous,  scales  flat.  Seed 
compressed,  em  alginate,  bidentate,  den- 
tures rarely  awned. — JWtt. 

*urea.         %m  q#  leaves  serrated,  those  of  the  root  S-parted, 

of  the  stem  tiiiid  or  entire,  lanceolate-linear. 
—  Willd. 
C.  aurea,  Muhl. 

Golden  Thickseed  Sun-Jlower. 

This  elegant  plant  I  have  heretofore  only  found  in  Jersey. 
Flowers  large,  golden-yellow,  showy.  On  the  margins  of 
Timber-creek,  and  rivulets  near  Woodbury,  Jersey.  Bien- 
nial.    August. 

329.  ACTINOMERIS.  Nutt.  Gen.  Am.  pi.  vol.  2.  p.  181. 
(  Corymbifera.) 

Calix  simple,  many-leaved,  foliaceous,  sub- 
equal.  Mays  remote,  elongated,  (4  to  8.) 
Meceptacle  small  and  paleaceous,  the  leaf- 
lets embracing  the  margin  of  the  seed. 
Seed  compressed  and  marginated,  with  the 
summit  persistently  2-awned. — JWtt. 

aktrmroiia.    1.  A.  leaves  broad-lanceolate,  serrated ;    corymb 
paniculated ;    calix  spreading,  loose,-  disk  sub- 
globose,  in  fruit  squ ariose. — JWtt. 
Actinomeris  squarrosa,  Nutt. 


POLYGAMIA,  FRUSTRANEA.  135 

Coreopsis  altcrnitblia,  L.  and  others. 
Yerbesina  Coreopsis,  Mich,  and  Pursh. 

From  three  to  seven  feet  high.  Flowers  not  handsome, 
yellow.  On  the  marshy  shores  of  all  our  waters,  abundant. 
Perennial.     July,  September. 


ORDER  IV.     POLYGAMIA  NECESSARIA. 

(Radial florets  only,  fertile,') 

530.  AMBROSIA.  Gen.  pi.  1427.  (Conjmbifer<e.) 

Monoicous. — Masc.  Calix  1 -leaved.  An- 
thers approximate,  but  not  united.  Recep- 
tacle naked. — Fem.  Calix  1 -leaved,  entire 
or  5-toothed,  1 -flowered.  Corolla  none. 
Nut  formed  from  the  indurated  calix,  1- 
seeded. — JSTutt. 

1.  A.  hirsute,  asperate;  leaves  3-lobed,  serrated ;  trifida. 
lobes  oval-lanceolate,  acuminate ;  fruit  6-spined 
below  the  top. —  Willd,  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Morris.  Hist.  3.  s.  6.  t.  1.  f.  4. 

Trijid-leaved  Hogweed. 

From  fbur  to  eight  feet  high.  Flowers  very  ordinary  and 
small.  On  the  banks  of  rivers,  creeks  and  ditches,  everywhere 
very  common.  Annual.  August,  September. 

2.  A.  leaves  bi-pinnatifid,  hairy  beneath,  upper  artemisifoiia. 
ones   pinnatifid ;    racemes    ternate,   terminal; 
branches  fastigiate. —  Willd, 

Wormwood-leaved  Hogweed, 

From  two  to  four  feet  high.  A  very  common  weed  in  all 
cultivated  grounds  and  neglected  fields.  Annual.  August, 
September. 


134  POLYGAMIA,  FRUSTRANEA. 

eiatior.  3.  A.  leaves  bi-pinnatifid,  smoothish ;  petioles  long, 
ciliated;  racemes  terminal,  paniculated;  stem 
virgate. — Willd. 

Tall  Hog-weed. 

In  similar  places,  near  the  Buck-inn,  on  the  Lancaster-road. 
Rare.  Annual.  June,  July. 

331.  XANTHIUM.  Gen.  pi.  1426.  (Conjmbifer<e.) 

Monoicous. — Masc.  Calix  imbricated.  Jln- 
thers  approximate,  but  not  united.  Recep- 
tacle paleaceous. — Fem.  Calix  a  2-leaved 
involucrum,  1 -flowered.  Corolla  none. 
Utriculus  muricated,  bifid.  Nut  g-celled. 
— JSTutt. 

strumaiium,  l.  X.  stem  branched,  without  prickles  ;  leaves  cor- 
date, serrated,  rough,  three-nerved  at  the  base ; 
fruit    elliptical,    pubescent,    with   stiff-hooked 
bristles. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  970. 

Clolweed.     Cockle-burr.    Lesser-burdock. 

From  one  to  three  feet  high.  A  very  ordinary  looking 
plant,  with  green  inconspicuous  flowers.  This,  is  said  to  be 
the  plant  mentioned  by  Wilson  in  his  Ornithology,  under  the 
name  "  Cockle-burr,"  the  seeds  of  which  constitute  the  favour- 
ite food  of  the  Psitticus  Caroliniensis,  or  Carolina  parrot,  some- 
times called  paraquet.  This  cockle-burr  grows  in  great  abund- 
ance on  the  shores  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi — where  it  in- 
jures the  wool  of  the  sheep  that  pasture  near  it,  insinuating 
its  prickly  burrs  so  deeply  into  their  wool  that  it  is  scarcely 
worth  any  thing.  In  wastes,  and  among  rubbish,  even  in  the 
suburbs  of  our  city;  common.  Annual.  September. 


GYNANDRIA. 


ORCHIS. 

GOODYERA. 

NEOTTIA. 

LISTERIA. 

POGONIA. 

CALOPOGON. 


ARETHUSA. 
MALAXIS. 

CORALLORHIZA. 
CYPRIPEDIUM.4 
ARISTOLOCHIA. 
ASARUM. 


[   136  ] 

CLASS  XVIII.— GYNANDRIA. 

ORDER  L— MONOGYNIA. 

f  «  Anther  adnate,  subterminal  and  persistent. — 
Follinia  (masses  of  pollen)  affixed  by  the  base, 
composed  of  angular  particles  elastically  co- 
hering."    R.  Brown?  Hort.  Kew.  5.  p.  188. 

332.  ORCHIS.  [Swartz.  Act.  Stockholm,  1800.  p.  205.] 
(  Orchidece.) 

Corolla  ringent,  upper  leaflet  vaulted.  Lip 
dilated,  the  base  beneath  calcarate.  Pol- 
linia  (anthers,  L.)  2,  terminal,  adnate. — 
Nutt. 

ciiiaris,        1.  O.  lip  oblong-lanceolate,  pinnate-ciliate,  twice" 
the  length  of  the  petals ;  horn  longer  than  the 
germ. — Willd. 
Habenaria  ciiiaris,  Brown,  in  Hort.  Kew. 
Icon.  Bot.  Rep.  42. 

Yellow -fringed  Orchis. 

A  very  elegant  plant,  about  twelve  inches  high,  with  rich 
orange-coloured  flowers.  In  meadows,  dry  swamps  and  boggy 
grounds  not  uncommon,  especially  in  Jersey.  Perennial. 
July. 

biepharigiot-  g,  O.  Hp  lanceolate-ciliate,  the  length  of  the  up- 
per petal;    the  horn  longer  than  the  germ. — 
Willd. 
Orchis  testiculata  floribus  niveis,  &c.  Clayt.  No. 

560. 

White-fringed  Orchis. 

Also  a  handsome  plant  closely  resembling  the  preceding, 
except  that  its  flowers  are  snow-white.     In  the  low  boggy 


GYNANDRIA,  MONOGYNIA.  137 

meadows  of  Jersey,  near  Woodbury  ;  very  rare.     Perennial. 
July,  August. 

3.  O.  lip  3-parted ;  segments  sub-digitate,  filiform :  hcera. 
horn  the  length  of  the  germ ;  flowers  alternate. 

— Mich. 
O.  physcodes,  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Ragged  Orchis. 

About  a  foot  high,  resembling  No.  2,  somewhat.  Easily 
distinguished  from  it,  however,  by  its  flowers  which  are  green- 
ish-white.   In  similar  places  with  No.  1.  Rare.  July,  August. 

4.  O.  lip  lanceolate,  three-toothed  at  the  apex ;  pe-  ciaveiiata. 
tals  obtuse ;  horn  filiform  at  the  apex,  clavate-  ^' 
adscendent,  longer  than  the  germ. — Willd. 

Orchis  tridcntata,  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Three-toothed  Orchis. 

About  eight  inches  high,  with  a  small  spike  of  few  greenish- 
white  flowers.  In  boggy  grounds,  not  common.  In  such 
places  on  or  near  the  Woodlands.     Perennial.    July. 

5.  O.  lip   obovate,   undivided,   crenate,   retuse ;  spectabiiis. 
petals  upright,  lateral  ones  longest;   horn  cla- 
vate, shorter  than  the  germ ;    bractes  longer 

than  the  flowers;  stem  leafless. — Willd. 
O.  humilis,  Mich. 

Showy  Orchis. 

About  a  span  high.  This  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  plants 
of  our  neighbourhood,  and  well  worth  cultivating.  Leaves 
broad,  bluish-green.  Flowers  pale  rose-violet  and  white  mix- 
ed. At  the  roots  of  trees  in  rich  shady  woods.  Perennial. 
May,  June. 

6.  O.  lip  three-parted  ;  segments  cuneiform,  cili-  fimbriate 
ate-fiinbriate ;    lateral  petals   ovate,   dentate ; 
horn  filiform,  clavate,  longer  than  the  germ.— 
Willd. 

Habenaria  fimbriata,  Brown,  in  Hort.  Kew. 
vol.  II.  13 


pufoescens. 


GYNANDRIA,  M0N0GY1JIA. 

i 

Purple-fringed  Orchis. 

From  two  to  two  and  a  half  feet  high.  Flowers  purfrle, 
very  elegant — the  most  showy  species  of  the  genus  in  niis 
neighbourhood.  On  the  marshy  shores  of  tlie  Delaware  along 
the  bank  walk  from  the  Navy-yard  to  Gloucester  point,  and 
about  a  mile  north  of  the  point,  very  scarce.  I  have  found 
but  two  specimens ;  both  in  the  spot  just  mentioned.  Peren- 
nial.    July. 

7.  O.  lip  oblong,  pinnate-ciliate  ;  petals  roundish, 
the  two  lateral  ones  dentate;  the  horn  shorter 
than  the  germ. — Willd.  and  Mich. 

O.  cristata,  Mich. 

O.  physcodes,  L. 

Short-spurred  Orchis. 

Flowers  resembling  those  of  No.  1,  but  smaller,  also  orange- 
colour.      In  dry  swamps,  Jersey  ;   but  very  rare.     Perennial. 

f  f  Anther  persistent,  parallel  with  the  stigma. — 
Pollinia  affixed  to  the  summit  of  the  stigma,  the 
particles  farinaceous  or  angular.    R.  Brown. 

333.  GOODYERA.  R.  Brown.  (Orchidex.) 
Neottia.  Willd. 

Gorolla  ringent ;  the  2  lower  petals  placed 
under  the  gibbous  lip,  which  is  undivided 
above.  The  column  (or  style)  free.  Pollen 
angular.-WVutt. 

1.  G.  radical  leaves  ovate,  petiolate,  reticulate ; 
scape  sheathing ;  flowers  pubescent :  lip  ovate- 
acuminate  ;  petals  ovate.— Willd. 

Neottia  pubescens,  Willd. 

Satyrium  repens,  Mich. 

Rattle-snake  Plantane.   Veined-leaved  Neottia. 


About  twelve  inches  high.  Leaves  thick,  beautifully  reti- 
culated with  white  vems.  Flowers  white.  In  shady  rich 
woods  and  on  rocks  j  common.    Perennial.    July. 


)~C^    - 


'iL&t^^^ 


j     *  . 


4? 


tJ.  . 


t: 


*^  z--^<      /^ 


GYtfANDRIA,  MONOGYNIA.  139 

» 

334.  NEOTTIA.  Swartz.  R.Brown.  (Orchidex.) 

Corolla  ringent;  the  2  lower  petals  placed 
under  the  lip,  which  is  beardless ;  interior 
leaves  connivent.  Column  apterous.  Pol- 
len farinaceous. — J\*utt. 

1.  N.   radical   leaves  linear;    scape  sheathing ;  tortus. 
flowers  spirally  secund ;  lip  trifid,  the  middle 
crenulate. —  Tfllld. 

Satyrium  spirale,  Swartz.  Prodr. 
Ophrys  aestivalis,  Mich. 
Limodoi'um  prsecox,  Walt. 
Orchis  spiralis,  L. 

Spiral  Neottia.  Ladies  Traces. 

A  slender  delicate  plant,  appearing- to  be  destitute  of  leaves, 
about  ten  inches  high,  with  a  spiral  spike  of  white  flowers.  In 
low  meadows  and  boggy  grounds;  sometimes  in  exposed  or 
sunny  fields.  Common.  Perennial.  June,  July. 

2.  N.  leaves  lanceolate,  three-nerved;  stem  sheath-  cemua. 
ing;  spike  oblong,  close-flowered;  flowers  re- 
curvate-drooping :  lip  oblong,  very  entire,  acute. 

—  Willd. 
Ophrys  cernua,  Sp.  PI. 
Limodorum  autumnale,  Walt. 

Resembles  No.  1,  very  much,  but  is  a  larger  plant,  with 
larger  flowers.  Also  called  Ladies  Traces".  About  one  foot 
high.  Flowers  white,  drooping1,  in  a  tortuous  spike.  In  grassy 
places  and  low  meadows ;  not  uncommon.  Perennial.  July. 

335.  LISTERIA.  R.Brown.  (Orchidec.) 
ophrys.  Smith,  &c. 

Corolla  irregular.  Lip  pendent,  bifid.  Co- 
lumn apterous,  (minute;)  the  anther  in- 
serted at  its  base.  Pollen  farinaceous. — 
Nutt. 


140  GYNANDRIA,  MONOGYNIA. 

coniaw.  i,  L.  stem  2-leaved;  leaves  opposite,  cordate- 
subrotund,  acute;  spike  small-flowered ;  lip  ob- 
long, dilated  at  the  top,  obtuse,  2-lobed;  ger- 
men  sub-globose;  root  fibrous. — Willd. 

Epipactis  convallarioides,  Pursh. 

Ophrys  cordata,  Mich. 

Heart-leaved  Listeria. 

A  small  plant,  not  exceeding  six  inches  in  height.  Flowers 
brown,  mixed  with  green.  Very  rare  in  this  neighbourhood. 
In  the  dark  swampy  wood  bordering  a  road  leading  from 
Kaighn's  point  to  the  Woodbury-road;  scarce.  Perennial. 
May. 


Iff  Jlnther  terminal,  inserted,  persistent.    Pollen 
farinaceous  or  angular.  R.  Brown. 

336.  POGOXIA.  Juss.  R.  Brown.  (Orchidex.) 

ARETHUSA,  L. 

Petals  5,  distinct,  without  glands.  Lip  ses- 
sile, cucullate,  internally  crested.  Pollen 
farinaceous. — JWtt. 

ophiogiossoi-  i#  p.  root  fibrous;  scape  distantly  2-leaved;  leaves 
oval,  lanceolate;  lip  fimbriated. —  Willd.  and 
Fursh. 

Icon.  Lam.  Illustr.  t.  729.  f.  2. 

Avery  elegant  plant,  about  eight  or  ten  inches  high,  bear- 
ing a  single  leaf,  and  a  single  terminal  rose-coloured  flower. 
In  wet  meadows,  in  bogs  and  morasses;  common.  Perennial. 
June,  July. 

verticiiiata.  2.  P.  leaves  in  five's,  oblong-lanceolate,  verticil- 
late;  stem  one-flowered,  the  three  exterior  pe- 
tals very  long,  linear,  the  interior  ones  lanceo- 
late; lip  three-lobed,  the  middle  segment  un- 
dulated.— Willd. 

Icon.  Pluk.  mant.  t.  34.  f.  1. 


GYNANDRIA,  MONOGYNIA.  141 

IVhorled  Pogonia. 

About  ten  or  twelve  inches  high,  with  a  single  whorl  of 
leaves.  Flowers  singular,  but  not  handsome,  brownish-purple 
mixed  with  yellow.  Flowers  sometimes  two  or  three  on  a 
stem.  In  shady  woods  of  rich,  moist  boggy  soil — also  in  bogs ; 
frequent.  Perennial.  May,  June. 

337.  CALOPOGON.  R.Brown.  (Orclddex.) 
cymbidioi.  Swartz. 

Petals  5,  distinct.  Lip  behind,  (or  inverted,) 
unguiculated;  the  lamina  bearded.  Column 
free.  Pollen  angular. — JVutt. 

1.  C.  radical  leaves  ensiform,  nerved;  scape  few- puicheiius. 

flowered;  lip  erect,  attenuated  at  base:  lamina 

expanded;  disk  concave,  bearded. — JVilld.  and 

Pursh. 
Cymhidium  pulchellum,  Willd. 
Limodorum  tuberosum,  Syst.  Veg.  and  Mich. 
L.  pulchellum,  Salisbury. 
Ophrys  barbata,  Walt. 

Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  116. 

About  fifteen  inches  high,  with  a  single  leaf  and  a  single 
terminal  flower  of  a  rose -red,  and  very  handsome.  In  bogs 
and  morasses;  frequent.  Perennial.  July. 

338.  ARETHUSA.  R.  Brown.  (Orc/adex.) 

Petals  5,  connate  at  the  base.  Lip  below 
growing  to  the  column,  cucullate  above, 
and  internally  crested.   Pollen  angular. — 

JSTutt. 

1 .  A.  without  leaves ;  root  globose ;  scape  sheath-  buiiwa. 
ing,  one-flowered;  upper  calicine  segments  in- 
curved; lip  somewhat  crenulate. —  IVilld.  and 
Pers. 

Icon.  Lam.  lllustr.  t.  729.  f.  1.  Pluk.  mant. 
t.  348.  f.  7. 

13* 


142  GYNANDRIA,  MONOGYNIA. 

Bulbous-rooted  Jlretkusa. 

About  a  span  high.  Root  tuberous,  scape  without  leaves, 
and  bearing  a  single  large  terminal  rose-coloured-flower.  A 
very  rare  plant.  I  have  only  found  a  single  specimen,  in  a 
morass  a  mile  south-east  of  Woodbury,  Jersey.  Perennial.  June. 


1 1 1 1  Anther  terminal,  movable,  deciduous.  Masses 
of  pollen  at  length  cereaceous. 

339.  MALAXIS.  Swartz.  R.Brown.  (Orclude*.) 

Petals  5,  narrower  than  the  lip,  spreading 
or  deflected.  Lip  flattened,  undivided,  ses- 
sile, (mostly  situated  behind.)  Column 
porrected.  Pollinia  4,  parallel,  affixed  to 
the  summit  of  the  stigma. — JSTutt. 

liiiitoiia.  1.  M.  leaves  two,  ovate-lanceolate;  scape  trique- 
trous ;  interior  petals  filiform,  reflexed,  disco- 
loured ;  lip  concave,  obovate,  acute  at  the  apex. 
— Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Ophrys  trifolia,  Walt. 

Ophrys  scapo  nudo,  foliis  radicalibus,  &c.  Gron. 
Virg.  p.  138. 

Epidendrum  caule  erecto  simplicissimo  nudo,  ra- 
cemo  simplicifolia  erecto,  Gron.  Virg.  p.  140. 
Icon.  Bot.  Repos.  65. 

Liltj-leaved  Malaxis 

About  six  inches  high.  Flowers  brownish-yellow.  A  singu- 
lar and  not  unhandsome  plant.  In  rich  shady  woods  at  the 
roots  of  trees,  growing  on  recent  vegetable  mould.  Perennial. 
Jane. 

long.foiia.     2.  M.  bulb  sub  rotund ;  scape  two-leaved ;  leaves 
broad-lanceolate,  longer  than  the  scape ;  spike 
oblong;  lip  cordate,  concave,  canaliculate,  shor- 
ter than  the  petals.  B. 
M.  correana,  Bart.  Prod.  Ph. 


GYNANDRIA,  MONOGYNIA.  143 

Long-leaved  JIalaxis. 

From  three  to  seven  inches  high.  Leaves  very  long,  always 
longer  than  the  scape  and  spikes,  when  the  plant  is  mature. 
Root  roundish.  Flowers  one-third  the  size  of  those  in  No.  3, 
and  a  little  larger  than  those  of  Xo.  3,  of  a  yellowish-green 
colour;  lateral  petals  yellow.  I  first  discovered  this  plant  in 
June,  1814,  in  the  woods  north  of  Powelton,  on  the  Mantua- 
road,  at  which  time  1  detected  only  three  specimens.  I  found 
it  abundantly  the  next  season  in  the  same  place,  and  have  sub- 
sequently met  with  it  in  the  shady  woods  bordering  the  Schuyl- 
kill. Mr.  Xuttall  has  found  it  this  year  on  the  Wissahickon, 
near  Langstroth's  mills,  growing  with  No.  1.  Perennial.  June. 

3.  M.  one  leaf,  ovate,  amplexicaule;  scape  five-  ophiogiossoi- 

angular;  lip  bifid  at  the  apex. —  fFUUL 
M.  imitblia,  Mich. 

Adder-tongue  Malaxis.  One-leaved  Malaxis. 

A  very  delicate  plant,  about  six  inches  high,  with  a  single 
leaf,  and  a  spike  of  small  green  flowers.  In  the  shady  woods, 
three  miles  north  of  Woodbury,  bordering  the  road ;  and  in 
shady  woods  on  the  Schuylkill,  very  rare  and  scarce  where 
found.  It  is  generally  at  the  roots  of  trees  in  decayed  vegetable 
mould.     Perennial.  May,  June. 


340.  CORALLORHIZA.  Haller.  R.Brown.  (Orchide*.) 

CYMBIDIUM.    Willd. 


Petals  equal  and  connivent.  Lip  mostly  aris 
ing  from  the  base.  Column  free,  Pollin'u 
%  oblique  (not  parallel.) — J\Tutt. 


1.  C.  lip  trifid ;  spur  obsolete,  every  where  adnate  innata. 

to  the  germ  ;  leaves  none ;  capsule  obovate. — 

JVVtt. 
Corallorhiza  innata,  R.  Brown. 
Cymbidium  Corallorhizon,  Willd. 

About  ten  or  twelve  inches  high.  Flowers  brownish.  Very 
rare.  In  the  shady,  hilly  woods  above  the  falls  of  Schuylkill, 
west  side,  very  scarce.  Perennial.  September,  October. 


144 


GYNANDRIA,  DIANDRIA. 


odomorhiza.  2.  C.  lip  entire,  oval  and  obtuse,  margin  crenu- 
late ;  spur  obsolete,  every  where  adnate  to  the 
germ;  leaves  none;  capsule  subglobose. — Root 
much  branched,  dentate;  scape  8  to  10  inches 
high,  attenuated  and  rather  slender,  roundish 
and  bulbous  at  the  base ;  sheaths  ochreate,  about 
3  in  number;  flowers  numerous,  pendulous; 
petals  brownish,  connivent,  and  all  inclined  to 
the  upper  side  of  the  corolla;  lip  dilated,  white, 
and  elegantly  spotted  with  violet-purple,  palate 
bidentate;  base  of  the  column  marginated;  cap- 
sule short  and  subglobose. — Nutt. 

A  smaller  plant  than  No.  1,  which  it  resembles.  Seldom 
more  than  seven  inches  high.  Edges  of  sandy  woods  in  Jersey — 
in  those  near  Camden,  not  unfrequent.  I  have  found  it  very 
rare  west  of  the  Delaware.  Perennial.  July,  August. 

hiemaiis.       3.  C.  leaf  solitary,  ovate,  striate;  lip  trifid,  ob- 
tuse, with  the  palate  ridged ;  central  lobe  round- 
ed, crenulate. — JSTutt. 
Arethusa  spicata,  Walt. 
Cymbidium  hyemalc,  Willd. 

About  twelve  inches  high.  Flowers  brown.  Willdenow  de- 
scribes this  plant  as  having  two  leaves,  but  I  have  not  seen  it 
with  more  than  one,  which  is  covered  with  numerous  longitu- 
dinal nerves.  In  the  high  shady  woods  above  the  falls  of 
Schuylkill,  west  side ;  very  rare.  Root  consisting  of  two  bulbs 
joined  by  a  short  connecting  radicle.  The  plant  is  sometimes 
called  Adam  and  Eve.  Perennial.  May. 


ORDER  II.  DIANDRIA. 


341.  CYPPJPEDIUM.  L.  Svvartz.  R.  Brown.  (Orchidea.) 

Lip  ventricose,  inflated,  saccate.  Petals  % 
the  under  one  bifid.  The  column  terminat- 
ing behind  in  a  petaloid  lobe. — J\Tutt. 


GYNANDRIA,  HEXANDRIA.  145 

1.  C.  stem  leafy;  lobe  of  the  style  triangular-ob-  pubescen.. 
long,  obtuse ;  exterior  petals  ovate-oblong,  acu- 
minate, interior  very  long,  linear,  contorted; 

lip  compressed,  shorter  than  the  petals. —  U'Uld. 
C.  flavescens,  Redout,  pi.  liliac. 
C.  Calceolus,  /S.  Sp.  PI.  1346. 
C.  Calceolus,  Walt. 

Icon.  Willd.  hort.  berol.  1.  t.  13. 

Large  tjellow  Ladies9 -slipper. 

About  fifteen  inches  high.  Flowers  large,  yellow.  In  the 
shady  hills  bordering  the  Schuylkill  above  the  falls,  west  side, 
very  scarce.  I  have  not  found  it  elsewhere.  Perennial.  May. 

2.  C.  scape  leafless,  one-flowered;  radical  leaves humiie. 
a  pair,  oblong-obtuse ;  lobe  of  the  style  subro- 
tund-rhomlfWl,  acuminate,  deflexed;  Jip  longer 
than  the  lanceolate  petals,  with  a  fissure  behind. 
—TFilld. 

C.  acaule,  Ait. 

Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  192.  Salisb.  in  Lin.  trans.  1. 
t.  3.  f.  4.  Catesby.  Car.  app.  t.  3. 

Purple  Ladies' -slipper.    Moccassin-Jlower.    i^w  C/uc 

About  eight  or  ten  inches  high,  with  two  large  bluish- 
green  pubescent  radical  leaves,  and  a  scape  bearing  a  single 
flower,  with  a  large  globose  pendulous  nectary.  In  boggy 
grounds  of  Jersey,  and  in  rich  woods ;  common.  Perennial. 
May,  June. 


ORDER  III.     HEXANDRIA. 

342.  ARISTOLOCHIA.  Gen-  pi.  (Aristohchix.) 

CalLv  none.  Corolla  of  1  petal,  ligulate,  with 
a  ventricose  base.  Capsule  6-celled,  many- 
seeded,  inferior. — JSTutt. 


146  GYNANDRIA,  DODECANDRIA, 

serpentana.  l.  A.  leaves  cordate,  oblong,  acuminate;  stem 
flexuous,  adscendent ;  peduncles  radical ;  lip  of 
the  corolla  lanceolate. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Woodville's  Med.  Bot.  vol.  2.  t.  106. 
and  Bart.  Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S.  vol.2. 

Virginian  Snake-root. 

A  well-known  plant,  by  the  above  name.  About  six  or  ten 
inches  high.  Flowers  at  the  root,  dingy-purple.  Possesses 
medicinal  properties.  (See  Woodville  and  Barton.)  On  the 
banks  of  the  Wissahickon,  in  the  woods  near  Powelton,  the 
woods  of  Jersey,  a  mile  or  two  east  of  Kaighn's  point;  and  in 
those  above  the  falls  of  Schuylkill,  west  side;  rather  rare.  Pe- 
rennial.    May,  June. 


ORDER  IV.     DODEC^DRIA. 

343.  ASARUM.  Gen.  pi.  801.  (Aristolochix.) 

Calix  subcampanulate,  3  or  4- cleft.  Corolla 
none.  Anthers  adnate  to  the  middle  of 
the  filaments.  Capsule  inferior,  6-celled, 
crowned  with  the  calix. — Nutt. 

canadense.  l.  A.  a  pair  of  leaves,  broad-reniform  ;  calix 
woolly,  deeply  three-parted ;  segments  sub-lan- 
ceolate, reflexed. — Mich.,  Willd.,  and  Pursh. 

A.  Carolinianum,  Walt. 

A.  latifolium,  Salisb.  Prodr. 

Icon.  Bart.  Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S.  vol.  2. 

American  Jlsarabacca.    Wild  Ginger. 

A  very  aromatic  plant,  possessing  the  properties  of  Eu- 
ropean Asarabacca.  Flowers  at  the  root,  dingy-purple.  Leaves 
large  and  broad.  On  the  hills  bordering  the  Schuylkill,  above 
the  falls,  west  side.     Not  common.    Perennial.    April. 


MONOECIA. 


CHARA. 

TYPHA. 

SPARGANIUM. 

CAREX. 

COMPTONIA. 

ALNUS. 

BCEHMERIA. 

URT1CA. 

MORUS. 

AMARANTHUS. 

ZIZANIA. 

MIRIOPHYLLUM. 

SAGITTARIA. 


QUERCUS. 

FAGUS. 

CASTANEA. 

BETULA. 

CARPINUS. 

PLATANUS. 

LIQUIDAMBAR. 

JUGLANS. 

CARYA. 

ARUM. 

PINUS. 

ACALYPHA. 

EUPHORBIA. 


[   148  ] 

CLASS  XIX.— MONOECIA. 
ORDER  I.     MONANDRIA. 

344.  CHARA.  Sp.  pi.  1397.  (Majades.) 

Calix  and  corolla  none.  Anther  globose, 
sessile.  Style  none.  Stigmas  5.  Berry 
1 -celled,  many-seeded. — Nutt. 

vulgaris.       1.  C.  stems  and  branches  naked  at  base ;  branches 
terete;   joints  leafy ;    folioles  oblong-subulate; 
bractes  shorter  than  the  berry. —  Willd. 
Icon.  Engl.  Bot.  356. 

Feather  Beds. 

Whole  plant  encrusted,  and  exceedingly  disagreeable  in 
smell.  In  old  ponds  and  sometimes  in  ditches  along-  the  course 
of  the  Delaware,  Jersey  side;  rare.  I  have  found  it  but  once 
this  side  of  the  Delaware,  viz.  in  a  ditch  near  Gloucester  point. 
The  plant  dries  white  or  whitish-green,  and  is  with  difficulty 
preserved  for  the  herbarium,  being-  friable.  Annual.  August, 
September. 


ORDER  III.     TRIANDRIA. 

345.  TYPHA.  Gen.  pi.  1401.  (Typhx.) 

Masc.  Ament  cylindric.  Calix  obsolete,  3- 
leaved.  Corolla  none.  Fem.  flowers  be- 
low the  masculine.  Calix  and  corolla  none. 
Seed  1,  pedicellate,  furnished  with  a  pap- 
pus at  the  base. — J\futt. 

latifoiia.       1.  T.  leaves  linear,  flat ;  masculine  and  feminine 
spikes   near   each   other,   each   cylindrical. — 
Willd. 
Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  1455.  Fl.  Pan.  645. 


MONOECIA,  TRIANDRI A.  149 

Reed-mace.    Cats9-tail.    Cooper9  s-reed. 

Every  person  knows  the  seed  of  this  plant,  by  the  name  of 
Cats'-tail ;  it  is  used  in  making  beds  for  the  common  people, 
but  is  both  unhealthy  and  unpleasant,  and  in  every  respect  in- 
ferior to  long  moss  or  straw.  About  four  feet  high.  In 
swampy  meadows  below  the  Navy  Yard ;  not  common.  Pe- 
rennial.    July,  August. 

2.  T.  leaves  linear,  a  little  channelled;  masculine  angustiioiia. 
and  feminine  spikes  remote  from  each  other, 
each  cylindrical. —  fFilld. 
Icon.  Bot.  Mag.  1456. 

J\  arrow-leaved  Cats9 -tail. 

Resembles  Xo.  1,  exceedingly ;  rare.  I  have  only  found  it 
sparingly  on  the  Delaware  shores,  particularly  below  Kaighn's 
point.     Perennial.     July. 

346.  SPARGANIUM.  Gen.  pi.  1402.  (Typha.) 

tlment  globose.  Calix  3  to  6-leaved.  Stig- 
ma simple  or  bifid.  Nut  suberose,  1  -cell- 
ed, 1  orS-seeded. — JSTutt. 

1.  S.  leaves  triquetrous  at  base,  concave  at  the  ramosum. 
sides;  peduncle  common,  branched ;  stigma  li- 
near.— Smith  and  Willd. 

S.  erectum,  Sp.  PI.  1378. 

Icon.  Curt.  Lond.  5.  t.  66.  Engl.  Bot.  744. 

Burr-reed. 

About  three  feet  high.  Flowers  in  globose  capituli.  On 
the  marshy  shores  of  the  Delaware,  every  where  abundant ; 
also  in  ditches  near  the  river.    Perennial.    June,  July. 

2.  S.  leaves  triquetrous  at  base,  flat  at  the  sides;  simplex. 
common   peduncle   simple ;     stigma   linear. — 
Smith  and  H'itld. 

S.  erectum,  £.  Sp.  PI.  1378. 

Icon.  Curt.  Lond.  5.  t.  67.  Engl.  Bot.  745. 

Grows  in  similar  situations  with  No.  1.    Perennial.    July. 
VOL.  II.  14 


150  MONOECIA,  TRIANDRIA. 

347.  CAREX.  Gen.  pi.  1407.  (Cyperoidea.) 

Flowers  imbricated  in  an  anient.  Masc.  Ca- 
lix  of  a  single  scale.  Corolla  none.  Fem. 
Calix  also  of  1  scale.  Corolla  ventricose, 
monopetalous,  bidentate  at  the  apex.  Stig- 
mas 2  and  3.  JWt  triquetrous,  included 
in  the  persistent  corolla,  (or  utriculus.) — 

§  1 .  Stigmas  mostly  two. 

j  Spikes  dioicous. 

steriiis.         i.  c.  spikes  about  six;    fruit  ovate,  compressed- 
triquetrous,  acuminate,  recurved  and  bi-cuspi- 
date    at   the   top;    margin   ciliate-serrated. — 
Willd. 
Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Mmm.  f.  146.  (Pursb.) 

Barren  Sedge. 

In  damp  places  and  meadows,  common.  Perennial.  May. 

f  f  Spikes  androgynous. 
*  Spike  1,  the  summit  masculine. 

eephaiopho-   o.  c.  spikes  in  an  elliptical  form ;  fruit  ovate, 
compressed,    bifid,  margined,    ciliate-serrated 
above. — Willd. 
C.  typbina,  Mich. 

Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Hhh.  f.  133. 

Headed  Sedge. 

In  woods,  not  unfrequent.     Perennial.     June. 

squarrosa.  3.  C.  spike  simple  androgynous,  cylindrical : 
masculine  below;  capsules  imbricated,  hori- 
zontal.— Sp.  PL 


MONOECIA,  TRIANDRIA.  lot 

A  well-marked  species,  with  large  fruit-heads.     In  copses 
of  the  Neck;  abundant.     Perennial. 


*  *  Spikes  many,  summits  masculine. 

4.  C.   spikelets   about  four,  somewhat   remote ;  retroflexa. 
fruit  ovate,  bi-deutate;  margin  glabrous,  re- 
flexed-spreading ;    scales   oblong-lanceolate. — 
Schkurr. 

Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Kkk.  f.  140. 

On  woody  hills  of  dry  soil,  every  where  common.  Perennial. 
June. 

5.  C.  spikelets   under  five,  oblong,  aggregated ;  stipnta. 
fruit  spreading,  ovate-acuminate,  bi-cuspidate, 
convex,  flat,  nerved;  culm  triquetrous,  very  as- 
perate.— JVilld. 

Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Hhh.  f.  132. 

Close-spiked  Sedge. 
In  low  grounds,  common.     Perennial.     April. 

6.  C.  spikes  narrow,  paniculated,  oblong,  obtuse ;  muitiflora.  ^ 
fruit  ovate,  bi-cuspidate;  scales  ovate,  mucro- 

nate;  bractes  leafy,  filiform.— Willd. 
Icon.  Schk.  Car.  1.  Lll.  f.  144. 

Many -flowered  Sedge. 

Very  common  on  the  borders  of  ditches,  and  in  meadows. 
Perennial.  May. 

7.  C.  spikes  paniculated  ;  fruit  rovate,  margined  pamcuiata. 
above,  bidentate ;  margin  ciliate-serrate  ;   culm 
triquetrous. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  D.  f.  20.  et  var.  t.  Ttt  f. 
163. 


V 


1 5$  MONOECIA,  TRIANDRIA. 

Panicled  Sedge. 

- 

Grows  with  No.  6,  to  which  it  has  some  resemblance.  Not 
common.  Perennial.  May. 

rosea.  8.  C.  spikelets  about  four,   remote;  fruit  ovate, 

acuminate,  bidentated  :  margin  ciliate-serrated, 
horizontal ;  scales  ovate,  obtuse,  a  leafy  bracte 
at  the  base  of  the  lower  spikelet. — Willd. 
C.  echinata,  /3.  rosea,  Walhb.  act.  holm.  1803.  p. 
147.  (Pursh.) 
Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Zzz.  f.  179. 


Rose  Sedge, 

In  woods  bordering1  the  Wissahickon;  not  uncommon.  Pe- 
rennial. Mav. 


lajropodioi- 
des. 


*  *  *  Spikes  many,  summits  feminine. 

9.  C.  spikelets  11,  alternate,  elliptical,  obtuse, 
close  to  each  other;  fruit  ovate-lanceolate, 
marginated,  bicuspidate;  a  long  leafy  bracte  at 
the  foot  of  the  last  spike. — Willd. 

C.  Richardi,  Mich. 
Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Yyy.  f.  177. 

Hare's-foot  Sedge. 

In  low  grounds,  common — particularly  in  the  meadows  of 
the  Neck.  Perennial.  June. 

10.  C.  spikelets  about  five,  alternate,  elliptical, 
obtuse,  almost  close  together ;  fruit  ovate-lan- 
ceolate, marginate,  bicuspidate ;  bractes  oblong, 
mucronate. — Willd. 

C.  viridula,  Mich. 
Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Xxx.  f.  175. 

Resembles  No.  8,  and  grows  in  similar  places ;  very  com- 
mon. Perennial.  May. 

festucacea.     11.  C-  spikelets  about  8,  nearly  close  together, 
alternate,  cylindrical,  those  in  fruit  clavate; 


scopana. 


MONOECIA,  TRIANDMA.  153 

fruit  subrotund-ovate,  rostrate,  bidentate,  ci- 
liate-serrated  on  the  margin,  larger  than  the 
lanceolate-mucronate  scale. —  Willd. 
Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Www.  f.  173. 

Fescue-like  Sedge, 

In  dry  woods,  common.  Perennial.  May. 


12.  C.  spike  androgynous,  compound;  spikelets  straminea. 
about  five,  subrotund,  masculine  below,  almost 

close  together;  stigmas  two;  fruit  subrotund- 
ovate,  rostrate,  bidentate,  ciliate-serrated  on  the 
margin,  larger  than  the  lanceolate  scale. —  W'dld. 
Schk.  Car.  p.  49.  n.  38.  t.  G.  f.  34.  et  t.  Xxx. 
f.  174. 

Straw -coloured  Sedge. 

In  woods,  not  uncommon.  Perennial.  June. 

fff  Spikes  of  distinct  sexes. 

*  Male  spike  often  solitary,  the  others  feminine  or  partly 
androgynous. 

13.  C.  feminine  spikes  cylindrical,  obtuse,  about  esspitosa, 
three,  distant,  below  on  short  projecting  pedun- 
cles ;  fruit  ovate-obtuse,  perforated  at  the  mouth, 
larger  than   the    oblong-obtuse   scale;   leaves 
spreading. —  Willd. 

C.  polyandra,  Schk.  Car.  1.  p.  59.  t.  Dd.  f.  90. 

Turfy  Sedge, 

This  species  grows  in  large  tufts  together,  and  is  the  most 
common  one  in  this  neighbourhood.  In  all  meadows  and  low 
grounds.     Perennial.     May. 

14.  C.    masculine    spikes    two,    feminine    four,  crimta.    v_ 
distant,  pedunculated,   pendulous,  cylindrical; 

fruit     subrotund-elliptical,     ventricose,     very 
shortly  rostellate,  entire  at  the  mouth,  short- 
er than  the  oblong,  aristated  scale. —  Willd,  and 
Lamurk, 
Icon.  Schk.  Eee.  f.  125.  et  t.  Ttt.  f.  164. 
14* 


154  MONOECIA,  TRIANDRIA. 

Chaffy  Sedge. 

Grows  in  similar  places  with  No.  12,  and  also  very  common. 
Perennial.  June. 

acuta.  15.   C.  masculine  spikes  two  or  three,  feminine 

about  four,  subpedunculated,  subnutant,  cylin- 
drical, remote;  fruit  oblong,  very  shortly  ros- 
tellate;  mouth  entire,  equal  to  the  oblong-acute 
scales. — Willd, 

Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Ee.  et  Ff.  f.  92. 

Cutting  Sedge, 
Common  in  low  boggy  ground.  Perennial.  May. 


§  2.  Stigmas  three. 

f  Spikes  androgynous,  with  the  summits  masculine. 
None. 


-j-  f  Terminal  spikes  male,  the  rest  androgynous. 

virescens.      16.  C.  spike  androgynous,   linear-pedunculated, 
masculine  below,  feminine  sub-approximated,  by 
pairs,  sub-pedunculated,  linear;  fruit  globose- 
triquetrous,  obtuse,  pubescent. — Willd. 
C.  virescens,  Muhl. 

Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Mmm.  f.  147. 

Green  Sedge. 

In  woods  and  hills,  common ;  very  tall.     Perennial.  June. 

nuxbaumii.  17.  C.  spike  androgynous,  pedunculated,  obovate, 
masculine  below,  feminine  subternate,  remote, 
«ub-pedunculated  ;  fruit  elliptical,  triquetrous, 
obtuse,  obsoletely  bidentated,  equal  to  the  ob- 
long, mucronate  scale. —  Willd. 
C.  polygama,  Schk. 
Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  X.  Gg.  f.  76. 

Buxbaums9  Sedge. 
In  wet  places;  rare.  Perennial.  May. 


MONOECIA,  TRIANDRIA.  1 55 

f  f  f  Spikes  of  distinct  sexes. 

*  Male    spike  solitary,  female  ones  sessile  or  with  the  pe- 
duncles included. 

18.  C.  feminine  spikes  about  three,  sub-approxi- varia. 
mated,  sessile,  nearly  globose;    fruit  sub-glo- 
bose, triquetrous,  rostrate,  bidentate,  pubescent, 
shorter  than  the  oblong  scale;  culm  erect. — 
mild. 

Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Uuu.  f.  167. 

Variable  Sedge. 

In  dry  woods,  common.     Perennial.     May. 

19.  C.  feminine  spikes  about  two,  approximated,  marginata.  u 
sub-globose,  sub-sessile ;  fruit  globose,  tomen- 

tose,  bidentate,  larger  than   the  oblong-ovate 
scale;  radical  leaves  longer  than  the  culm. — 
Willd. 
Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Lll.  f.  143. 

Marginated  Sedge. 

A  beautiful  species,  and  very  common, particularly  in  Jersey, 
in  woods  and  on  their  borders,  also  by  fences.  Perennial. 
April. 

20.  C.  masculine  spike  lanceolate,  feminine  two,  vestita. 
ovate,  sessile,  approximated ;  fruit  ovate,  ros- 
trate, obliquely  pubescent  at  the  mouth,  nearly 
equal  to  the  ovate-acute  scale. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Bbbb.  f.  182. 

Hairy-beaked  Sedge. 

In  shady  wet  woods,  especially  in  the  Neck ;  common.  Pe- 
rennial.   June. 

21.  C.  feminine  spikes  three,  on  included  peduncles:  tentacuiata. 
ovate,  almost  in  contact;  bractes   very  long, 

leafy ;    fruit  ovate,   ventricose,    nerved,    very 
long,  rostrate  :    mouth   bidentate,  longer  than 
the  lanceolate-mucronate  scale. — Willd. 
Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Ggg.  f.  130. 


15G 


rostrata. 


miliaris. 


lupulina. 


MONOECIA,  TRIANDRIA. 

Long-pointed  Sedge. 

In  wet  woods  and  boggy   ground,  not  rare. 
May. 


Perennial. 


22.  C.  masculine  spikes  solitary;  scales  oblong 
with  very  long  awns,  feminine  cylindrical,  two, 
the  lower  on  projecting  peduncles;  stigmas 
three;  fruit  ovate,  inflated,  5-nerved,  rostrate, 
bidentate  at  the  mouth,  longer  than  the  oblong 
aristated  scale. — TVilld. 

C.  rostrata,  Muhl. 

Beaked  Sedge. 

In  damp  woods ;  common.  Perennial.  June. 

23.  C.  feminine  spike  for  the  most  part  solitary, 
sessile,  ovate ;  bracte  setaceous ;  fruit  globose, 
smooth . — Mich. 

On  the  shady  banks  of  the  Wissahickon ;  not  unfrequent. 
Perennial.     May. 

24.  C.  feminine  spikes  three,  on  included  peduncles; 
oblong,  close  together ;  bractes  very  long,  leafy ; 
fruit  ovate,  ventricose,  nerved,  very  long,  conic- 
rostrate,  bicuspidate  at  the  mouth,  much  longer 
than  the  ovate-mucronate  scale. —  Willd. 

C.  lupulina,  Muhl. 

Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Ddd.  f.  123.  and  t.  Iii.  f. 
194. 


Hop-like  Sedge. 

Fruit  heads  very  large.     In  the  boggy  woods  of  Jersey,  on 
the  Woodbury  road ;  not  common.     Perennial.     June. 

oiigocarpa,    25.  C.  feminine  spikes  2,  3  or  4-flowered,  pedun- 
culated below  ;  fruit  subrotund-triquetrous,  obo- 
vate,  rostellate;  mouth  entire,  longer  than  the 
oblong-mucronate  scale. —  Willd. 
C.  paupercula,  Mich. 
Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Vvv.  f.  170. 


MOXOECIA,  TRIANDRIA.  157 

In  moist  places.     Perennial.     May. 

26.  C.  feminine  spike  sub-solitary,  about  G-flower-  foincuiata, 
ed,  peduncles  sub-exserted ;    fruit  ovate,  vcn- 
tricose,  nerved,  rostrate,  2-cleft  at  the  mouth, 
longer  than  the  ovate  scale. —  JVilld, 

Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  N.  f.  52. 

Round-spiked  Sedge, 

Fellow  Sedge,  0  xantho- 

In  damp  woods  and  shady  copses ;  common.     Perennial. 
June.  /3.  more  rare. 

*  *  Male  spikes  solitary,  female  long"  pedunculate ;    sheaths 

short. 

27.  C.  spikes  pedunculated,  feminine  four,  dis-  piamaginea. 
tant ;    fruit  elliptical,  triquetrous,  pedicellate, 
glabrous,    shorter    than    the    ovate-cuspidate 
scale;  bractes  sheathing,  somewhat  leafy  at  the 

top;  radical  ones  lanceolate,  nerved. — JVilld, 
C.   latifolia,  Wahlb.    act.  Holm.    1803.   p.    156. 
(Pursh.) 

Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  U.  f.  70.  et  t.  Kkkk.  f. 
195. 

Plantane  Sedge, 

Leaves  very  broad.   In  shady  woods,  common ;  particularly 
on  the  Wissahickon.     Perennial.     May,  June. 

28.  C.  feminine  spikes  three,  remote,  lower  ones  anceps. 
pedunculate ;    fruit  ovate,  nerved,  membrana- 
ceous at  the  mouth,  longer  than  the  oblong-mu- 
cronate  scale. — Willd. 

C.  striatula,  Mich. 

Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Fff.  f.  128. 

Two-edged  Sedge, 

In  the  meadow  grounds  of*  Jersey.    Perennial.     June. 

29.  C.  feminine  spikes  about  four,   remote,  with  flexuosa.    v-> 
filiform,  drooping  peduncles ;  fruit  distant,  al- 


1 58  MONOECI A,  TRIANDRIA. 

ternate,  oblong-rostrate,  bifid,  twice  the  length 
of  the  ovate-mucronate  scale. — Willd. 

C.  debilis,  Mich. 

C.  tenuis,  Rudge  in  Lin.  trans,  t.  7.  p.  79. 
Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Ddd.  et  Aaaa.  f.  124. 

Zigzag -spiked  Sedge. 

In  the  sandy,  low  wet  grounds  of  Jersey  and  the  Neck.  Pe- 
rennial. June. 

*  *  *  Male  spike  solitary,  female  ones  pedunculate,  sheaths 
almost  none. 

miiiacea.  30.  C  feminine  spikes  three,  pedunculate,  8-flow- 
ered,  upper  ones  sessile ;  fruit  ovate-triquet-' 
rous,  shortly  rostrate,  entire  at  the  mouth, 
longer  than  the  oblong-emarginate  aristate 
scale. — TVilld. 

Icon.  Schk.  Car.  t.  Ooo.  f.  151. 

Millet  Sedge. 

In  the  shady  woods  bordering  the  Wissahickon.  Perennial. 
July. 

riparia.        31.  C.  masculine  spikes  four,  feminine  two,  erect, 
cylindrical,  pedunculated,*  fruit  oblong,  many- 
nerved,  rostrate,  bifurcated,  longer  than  the 
oblong- mucron ate  scale. —  Willd. 
C.  lacustris,  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Strand  Car  ex. 

A  very  large  species,  every  where  common  on  the  shores 
of  the  Delaware.  Perennial.  June. 

Mr.  Collins,  who  has  paid  very  close  attention  to  this  diffi- 
cult genus,  informs  me,  that  all  the  species  enumerated  by  Dr. 
Muhlenberg,  with  the  exception  perhaps  of  six  or  eight,  grow 
within  ten  miles  of  Philadelphia.  The  above  are  all  the  species 
I  have  yet  met  with. 

348.  COMPTONIA.  Gxrtner.  (Amentacece.) 

Masc.  Ament  cylindric,  scales  1 -flowered; 
corolla  none.  Stamina  3  or  %  filaments 
simple.      Fem.   Jiment  ovate.     Calix  at 


MONOECIA,  TETRANDRIA.  159 

length  6-leaved.    Corolla  none.    Styles  2. 
Nut  oval,  1 -celled. — J\Tutt. 

1.  C.  leaves  long-linear,  alternately  crenate-pin-  aspienifbiia. 

natifid. —  Willd. 
Liquidambar  poregrinum,  Syst.  Veg.  860. 
L.  aspleni  folium,  Sp.  PI.  1418. 

Icon.  Bart.  Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S.  vol.  1.  t.  19. 

Sweet  Fern.  Fern-leaved  Gale,  <$*c. 

About  two  feet  high.  Whole  plant  possessing  a  fine  aro- 
matic, resinous  odour.  Possesses  medicinal  properties.  (See 
Bart.  Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S.)  In  Jersey,  on  the  bonders  of 
woods ;  very  common.  On  the  high  banks  of  the  Wissahick- 
©n,  abundant.     Perennial,  April. 


ORDER  IV.  TETRANDRIA. 

349.  ALNUS.  Willdenow.  Sp.  pi.  4.  p.  334.  (Amentaeece .) 

Masc.  Anient  composed  of  3-flowered,  cu- 
neiform truncated  receptacles.  Calix  the 
scales  of  the  ament.  Corolla  4-  parted.  Fem. 
Calix  scales  2-flowered.  Corolla  none. 
Seeds  compressed,  ovate,  apterous. — JSTutt. 

1.  A.  leaves  obovate,  acuminate;  veins  and  axills  *emiiata. 
of  the  veins  hairy  underneath ;  stipules  ellipti- 
cal-obtuse.—  Willd. 

Betula  serratula,  Ait. 
B.  rugosa,  Ehrh. 

Icon.  Mich.  f.  Arbres  forest,  vol.  3.  p.  320.  t.  4. 

Common  Jllder.    Candle  JUder.    Hazel  *ilder. 

A  shrub  from  five  to  twelve  feet  high,  growing  in  great 
quantities  along  the  margins  of  all  our  waters,  and  in  swamps. 
It  is  said  to  possess  medicinal  properties.     b_  •  March,  April. 

2.  A.  leaves  subrotund-cuneate,  obtuse,  subretuse,  giutinosa? 
glutinous ;  axills  of  the  veins  villous  beneath. — 

Willd. 


160  MONOECIA,  TETRANDRIA. 

Betula  Alnus,  Sp.  PI.  1394. 
Icon.  Engl.  Bot.  1508. 

Alder-tree. 

On  the  banks  of  creeks  and  other  waters;  rare.  \  .  April. 
350.  BCEHMERIA.  Gen.  pi.  1421.  (Urtiae.) 

Masc.  Calix  4- parted.  Corolla  none.  Nec- 
tary none.  Fem.  Calix  and  corolla  none. 
Seed  1,  compressed. — Nutt. 

cyiindrica.     1.   B.   leaves   opposite,  ovate-oblong,  acuminate, 
dentate,  glabrous ;  flowers  dioicous ;  male  spikes 
glomerate,    interrupted,  feminine  cylindrical; 
stem  herbaceous. — Willd. 
Urtica  cyiindrica,  L.  and  Mich. 

Icon.  Sloan.  Hist.  Jam.  1.  t.  82.  f.  2. 

An  ordinary  looking'  plant,  from  eighteen  inches  to  two  feet 
high.  In  shady  places  along  the  margins  of  water  courses ;  not 
rare.     Perennial.   June,  July. 

351.  URTICA.  Gen.  pi.  1422.  (Urtica.) 

Masc.  Calix  4-leaved.  Corolla  none.  Nec- 
tary central,  mostly  cyathiform.  Fem.  Ca- 
lix S-valved.  Corolla  none.  Seed  1,  shin- 
ing.— Nutt. 

pumiia.  1.  U.  leaves  opposite,  ovate-acuminate,  three- ner- 
ved, serrated  ;  lower  petioles  the  length  of  the 
leaves;  flowers  monoicous,  triandrous,  capi- 
tate-corymbose, shorter  than  the  petiole. — Willd* 

Pellucid  Nettle.     Rich  Weed. 

A  common  looking  plant,  varying  in  size  from  two  inches  to 
fifteen.  Leaves  and  stem  shining,  smooth,  pellucid.  Near 
springs  and  rivulets ;  in  shady  damp  places,  and  in  moist  woods 
near  water-courses;  every  where  abundant.  Perennial.  August. 


MOXOECIA,  TETRAXDRIA.  161 

2.   L.  leaves  opposite,  cordate,   ovate-lanceolate,  d»o«ca- 
deeply  serrated :  flowers  dioicpus ;  spikes  pa- 
niculated,  glomerate,  in  pairs,  longer  than  the 
petiole. —  JVilld. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  746.  and  Woodville's  Med. 
Bot.  vol.  3.  t.  146. 

Common  Nettle* 

From  one  to  two  feet  high,  always  growing  in  quantities  to- 
gether. Nettle  was  formerly  much  used  as  a  medicine.  (See 
Woodville ;)  it  is  still  employed  in  domestic  practice.  In 
wastes  and  among  rubbish  near  habitations,  introduced,  but 
naturalized.     Perennial.     June,  July. 

3.  U.  leaves  alternate,  cordate-ovate,  acuminate,  eaphata? 
serrated,  three-nerved,  twice  as  long  as  the  peti- 
ole ;  glomeruli  spiked ;  spikes  solitary,  shorter 
than  the  leaf,  leafy  ahove ;  stem  naked. — Willd. 

and  Piwsh. 

About  the  same  size  as  Xo.  2,  which  it  resembles.  Along 
the  margins  of  the  Delaware,  both  sides,  in  thickets;  com- 
mon.    Perennial.     July. 

4.  U.  leaves  alternate,  cordate-ovate,  acuminate,  canadensis 
serrated, every  where  hispid;  panicles  axillary, 

for  the  most  part  in  pairs,  divaricately  and  very 
much  branched,  the  lower  ones  masculine,  long- 
er than  the  petiole,  the  upper  ones  elongated, 
feminine;    stem  very  hispid   and  stinging. — 

mud. 

Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  237.  f.  2. 
Hemp  Nettle. 

A  large  and  common  looking  plant,  from  two  to  six  feet 
high.  Leaves  large.  The  bark  of  this  species  affords  a  fine 
strong  hemp,  well  worth  attention.  In  shady  woods  and 
thickets  along  the  Schuylkill;  common.  Perennial.  July, 
August. 

VOL.  II.  15 


162  MONOECIA,  PENTANDRIA. 

352.  MORUS.  Gen.  pi.  1224.  (Urtic*.) 

Masc.  Calix  4-parted.  Corolla  none.  Fem. 
Calix  4-leaved.  Corolla  none.  Styles  2. 
Calix  becoming  a  berry.  Seeds  solitary. 
—JVutt. 

rubra.         i.  M.  leaves  cordate-ovate,  acuminate,  or  three 
iobed,  equally   serrated,  rough,  pubescent  be- 
neath; feminine  aments  cylindrical. — Willd. 
Icon.  Mich.  arb.  forest.  3.  p.  232.  t.  10. 


J 


Red  Mulberry. 

The  red  Mulberry  tree  is  well-known.  Its  wood  is  durable, 
*Jn  the  borders  of  fields  in  the  neighbourhood.  1%  .  June. 


ORDER  V.-- PENTANDRIA. 

353.  AMARANTHUS.  Gen.  pi.  1431.  (Amaranthi.) 

Calix  3  or  5-leaved.  Corolla  none.  Stamina 
3  or  5.  Styles  3.  Capsule  1 -celled. 
1 -seeded,    opening    all   round. — Nutt. 

aUms.  1.  A.  glomeruli  axillary,  triandrous ;  stem  four- 

angled,  simple. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Willd.  amaranth,  t.  1.  f.  2.  (Pursh.) 

A  common  weed,  in  the  suburbs  of  our  city  and  liberties  ; 
and  near  habitations  elsewhere  in  the  neighbourhood.  Flow- 
ers very  inconspicuous.     Annual.     All  summer. 

hybridus,      i.  A.  racemes  pentandrous,  decompound,  crowded, 
erect ;  leaves  ovate-lanceolate. — Willd. 

Cluster-Lowered  Amaranth. 

Also  a  common  weed,  in  cultivated  grounds  and  wastes. 
Annual.    All  summer. 


MONOECIA,  HEXANDRIA.  I6r 

3.  A.  glomeruli  axillary,  in  pairs,  triandrous ;  'WW 
masculine  flowers  triphyllous;  leaves  elliptical, 
cmarginate,  undulated  on  the  margin. — fVilld. 
Amaranth, 

Green-flowered  Amaranth. 

Also  a  weed,  found  among  rubbish  ;  but  rather  rare.  An- 
nual.    July.  August. 

4.  A.  racemes  pentandrous,  terminal,  compound ;  spinosns. 
axills  spinous. — Willd.  Amaranth. 

Prickly  Amaranth. 

One  of  the  commonest  weeds  in  our  country — it  always 
grows  in  large  quantities  together.  Stems  red  and  sometimes 
the  leaves.  About  two  feet  or  more  high,  very  much  branched. 
In  the  streets  of  the  suburbs  of  our  city  and  liberties,  and  all 
the  villages  in  the  neighbourhood;  in  wastes  and  on  road- 
sides ;  abundant.     Full  of  thorns.     Annual.    All  summer. 


ORDER  VI.     HEXANDRIA. 

354.  ZIZANIA.  Gen.  pi.  1433.  (Gramine*.) 

Masc.  Calix  none.  Corolla  S-valved,  awn- 
less.  Fem.  Calix  none.  Corolla  2-val  ved? 
cucullate,  awned.  Style  2-parted.  Seed  i, 
invested  by  the  corolla. — JSTutt. 

1.  Z.  panicle  pyramidal,  masculine,  divaricating  aquatica. 

below,  above  spiked  and  feminine;  props  of  the 

flowers    clavate,   awned,    long;  seed    long. — 

Pursh. 
Z.  aquatica,  Lambert,  in  Lin.  tran.  7.  p.  264. 
Z.  palustris,  L.  Mant.  295.    Gron.  Virg.  148. 

and  Schreber,  Gram.  p.  54.  t.  29. 
Z.  clavulosa,  Mich. 

Icon.  Lambert,  as  above,  (excellent.) 


« 


1 64  MONOECfA,  POLYAXDRIA. 

Tuscarora Rice.    Wild  Rice.  Indian  Rice. 

From  three  to  six  feet  high.  On  the  shores  of  the  Dela- 
ware and  Schuylkill,  and  in  ditches  in  the  Neck,  in  profusion. 
Perennial.  July,  August. 


ORDER  VI.    POLYANDRIA. 

355.   MYRIOPHYLLUM.  Gen.  pi.  1440.  {Xajades.) 

Calix  4-cleft.  Petals  %  caducous.  Stamina 
%  6,  or  8.  Germs  4.  Styles  none.  Stig- 
mas pubescent.   Seeds  %  coated. — JWtt. 

ambiguum.  i.  M.  stem  floating,  dichotomous ;  leaves  petiolate, 
pseudopinnate,  the  lowest  capillary,  emerging 
ones  pectinate,  uppermost  nearly  entire,  sub- 
serrate;  anthers  partly  oblong. — Obs.  Stem  dif- 
fusely dichotomous,  floating,  radicles  often  sim- 
ple. Leaves  attenuated  below  so  as  to  appear 
petiolated,  pectinately  pinnatifid;  immersed 
leaves  divided  into  long  capillary  segments,  di- 
visions of  the  upper  leaves  short,  setaceous  and 
acute,  from  one  to  five  pair;  uppermost  leaves 
often  oblong-linear  and  nearly  entire.  Flowers 
axillary,  solitary,  sessile,  bibracteate,  bractes 
dentiform,  acute.  Germ  quadrangular,  angles 
terminating  above  in  the  segments  of  the  calix. 
Calix  4 -parted,  divisions  oblong-ovate,  erect, 
concave,  reddish.  Stamina  the  length  of  the 
calix,  sheathed  by  its  segments,  not  exserted; 
filaments  minute;  anthers  somewhat  oblong. 
Styles  none.  Stigmas  4,  roundish  and  villous  or 
pencillate.  Fruit  4  coated,  cylindric-oblong 
seeds,  furnished  with  internal  sutures,  and  at- 
tached to  a  minute  setaceous  axis. — JVutt. 
Myriophyllum-Ptilophyllum,  ambiguum,  Nutt. 


In  springs,  ponds  and  ditches,  in  Jersey ;  common. 


MONOECIA,  POLYANDRIA.  177 

364.  L1QUIDAMBAR.  Gen.  pi   1452.    (Amentacet.) 

Masc.  Ament  conic,  surrounded  with  a  4- 
leaved  involucrum.  Calix  and  corolla  none. 
Filaments  numerous.  Fem.  Anient  glo- 
bose, also  surrounded  with  a  4-leaved  in- 
volucrum. Calix  1 -leaved,  urceolate,  2- 
flowered.  Styles  2.  Capsules  2,  surround- 
ed by  the  base  of  the  calix,  1 -celled,  ma- 
ny-seeded.— JYutt. 

1.  L.  leaves  palmate;  lobes  acuminate,  serrated, styraciflua. 
sinus  at  the  base  of  the  veins,  villous. —  Wilhl. 
and  Purslu 

Icon.  Mich.  f.  Arbr.  forest.  3.  p.  194.  t.  4. 

Sweet  Gum-tree. 

The  wood  of  this  tree  has  a  hard  fine  grain.  In  woods,  rare, 
V> .  May. 

365.  JUGLAXS.  Gen.  pi.  1446.  {Ament acece.) 

Masc.  Ament  imbricated.  Calix  consisting 
of  scales.  Corolla  5  or  fi-parted.  Stamina 
18  to  36.  Fem.  Calix  4-cleft,  superior. 
Corolla  4- parted.  Styles  1  or  2.  Drupe 
partly  spongy ;  not  rugose,  and  irregularly 
f urro  w  ed . — Natt. 

1.  J.  foliohs  numerous,  ovate-lanceolate,  serrated,  nigra. 
subcordate,  narrow  above,  the  underside  and  the 
petioles  sub-pubescent;   fruit  globular,  rough, 
dotted;  nut  corrugated. —  Willd. 

Icon.   Mich.   f.  Arbr.  forest,  l.p.  157.  t.  1. 
Catesb.  Car.  1.  t.  67. 

Black  Walnut.  t 

A  stately  tree,  affording1  an  excellent  durable  wood  for  cabi- 
net ware,  and  an  esculent  nut.  In  the  rich  woods  of  our  neigh- 
bourhood, very  common,   bj  ■  April. 

16* 


178  MONOECIA,  POLYANDRIA. 

366.  CARYA.  Nutt.  Gen.  Am.  pi.  vol.  2.  p.  220.  (Amentacex.) 

Masc.  Anient  imbricated.  Calix  3-parted 
scales.  Corolla  none.  Stamina  4  to  6. 
Fem.  Calix  4-cleft,  superior.  Corolla 
none.  Styles  noue.  Stigma  partly  discoid, 
4-lobed.  Pericarp  4-valved.  Nut  sub- 
quadrangular,  even. — Nutt. 

cathartic  i.  C.  folioles  about  15,  lanceolate,  roundish-ob- 
tuse at  the  base,  tomcntose  beneath,  slightly 
serrated ;  fruit  oblong-ovate,  viscid,  on  a  long 
peduncle;  nut  oblong-acuminated,  remarkably 
rough . — Mich.  f. 

Juglans  cathartica,  Mich.  f. 

J.  cinerea,  Willd. 

J.  oblonga,  Mill.  Diet,  and  Retz.  Obs.  1.  p.  10. 
Icon.  Mich.  f.  Arbr.  forest.  1.  t.  2. 

Butter-nut.     Oil-nut.     White  Walnut.    Purging 
Hickory -nut. 

I  have  met  with  this  tree  several  times  in  this  neighbour- 
hood, where  it  had  the  appearance  of  being  indigenous.  \  . 
April,  May. 

laciniosa.  2.  C.  leaves  large ;  folioles  7-9  pairs,  ovate,  acu- 
minate, serrated,  sub-tomentose,  the  odd  one 
petiolated ;  fruit  large,  ovate  ;  nut  oblong,  thick, 
moderately  compressed. — Mich.  J. 

Juglans  laciniosa,  Mich.  f. 

J.  compressa,  /3.  macrocarpa,  Muhl. 

J.  mucronata,  Mich.  fl.  Am. 

J.  sulcata,  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Mich.  f.  Arbr.  forest.  1. 1.  8. 

Thick  Shell-bark  Hickory.     Springfield  or  Glou- 
cester-nut. 

This  species  is  frequent  about  twelve  miles  from  Philadel- 
phia, near  Springfield.  I  have  found  it  a  mile  or  two  south-east 
of  Woodbury.      lj  .  April. 


MONOECIA,  POLYANDRIA.  1T9 

3.  C.  folioles  5,  large,  on  long  petioles,  ovate-acu-  squamosa. 
minute,  serrated,   villous  beneath,  the  odd  one 
sessile;  masculine  ainents  compound,  glabrous 

and  filiform:  fruit  globose,  depressed,  large: 

nut  compressed,  whitish. — Mich.f. 
Juglans  squamosa,  Mich.  f. 
J.  comprcssa,  Gaert.,  NVilld. ;  and  Muhl.  in  now 

act.  soc.  nat.  scrut.  berol.  3.  p.  390. 
J.  alba,  Mich.  fl.  Am.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Mich.  f.  Arbr.  forest.  1.  t.  7. 

Shell-bark  Hickory.     Shagg-bark  Hickory.    Scaly- 
bark  Hickory, 

The  common  shell-bark  nuts  which  arc  so  well-known  and 
so  highly  esteemed,  are  the  fruit  of  this  tree.  In  all  our  woods, 
frequent.    ^  •  April. 

leaflets  about  5,  oblong-lanceolate;  sharply  serru-  gmia-ocar/ja. 
late,  and  conspicuously  acuminate,  on  both 
sides  smooth,  beneath  glandular,  terminal  leaf- 
let subpetiolate ;  fruit  subglobose,  pericarp  thin  ; 
nut  partly  quadrangular,  small  and  rather  thin 
shelled,  mucro  obsolete,  truncate. — JSftitt. 

Juglans  compressa,  ex..  inicrocarpa,  Muhl. 

Carya  microcaipa,  Nutt. 

On  the  banks  of  the  Schuylkill,  on  the  road  to  the  fills. 
This  is  rather  a  variety  of  No.  2,  as  Muhl.  considered  it,  than 
a  distinct  species,  as  it  is  made  by  Mr.  Nuttall.    ^  •  May. 

4.  C.  folioles  7-9  pairs,  slightly  serrated,  conspi-  tomemosa. 
cuously  villous  beneath,  the  odd  one  sub-petio- 

late ;  ainents  compound,  very  long,  filiform,  re- 
markably tomentose;  fruit  globose  or  oblong;  nut 
quadrangular,  thick  and  very  hard. — vUich.f. 
Juglans  alba,  Willd. 

Icon.  Mich.  f.  Arbr.  forest.  1.  p.  186.  t.  6. 

Common  Hickory.  Mocker-nut  Hickory.     White- 
heart  Hickory. 

This  is  the  commonest  species  in  our  neighbourhood.     The 


180 


porcina. 


MONOECIA,  POLYANDRIA. 

nuts  are  known  by  the  name  of  Hickory-nuts,  in  contradistinc- 
tion to  those  of  No.  2,  which  are  called  shell-barks.  The  shell 
of  the  present  species  is  very  thick,  and  difficult  to  crack. 
The  kernel  is  also  difficult  to  be  got  at,  but  sweet  tasted.  lj  . 
April. 

5.  C.  tree  large ;  folioles  7-9  pairs,  smooth,  con- 
spicuously serrated,  the  odd  one  on  short  pe- 
tioles ;  fruit  subrotund-ovate,  above  the  suture  a 
little  prominent;  nut  even,  sub-globose,  mucro- 
nate;  shell  fragile,  the  kernel  bitter. — Mich. J. 

Juglans  amara,  Mich,  and  others. 

Bitter-nut,     White  Hickory.  Swamp  Hickory. 


In  rich  woods,  common, 
and  astringent.   1?  ■  May. 


The  kernel  is  exceedingly  bitter 


6.  C.  leaves  5-7  pairs,  ovate,  acuminate,  glabrous ; 
masculine  aments  compound,  filiform,  glabrous; 
fruit  pyriform  or  globose;  nut  small,  smooth, 
very  h ard . — Mich.  f. 


a,  obcordata.  fmit  globose ;  nut  obcordate,  Mich.f  Jlrbr.  forest. 
1.  p.  206.  t  9.  f.  3  and  4. 
Juglans  obcordata,  >\  illd. 

,t  ficiformis.  fruit  turbinated  ;  nut  oblong,  Mich.  f.  Jlrbr.  forest. 
1.  p.  209.  t.  9.  f.  1  and  2. 
Juglans  glabra,  Willd. 

Pig  Nut.    Hog  Nut.    Broom  Hickory. 

The  fruit  of  this  species  is  not,  in  genera],  esculent,  though 
I  have  sometimes  tasted  it  not  disagreeable.  The  wood  of  the 
present  tree  is  made  into  what  are  called  hickory -brooms,  for 
washing  pavements,  &.c.  Common.  ^  •  April. 


367.  ARUM.  Gen.  pi.  1387.  (Aroidex.) 

Spatha  cucullate. — Spadix  above  naked,  be- 
low feminine,  in  the  middle  staminiferous. 


MOXOKCIA,  VOLYANDR1A.  1 G9 

st  utellatc  ;     acorn    depressed-globose. —  Willd. 

and  Pursh. 
Q.  tinctoria  angulosa,  Mich.  Qucrc. 
Q.  discolor,  Willd.  nov.  act.  soc.  nat.  scrut.  bcrol. 

3.  p.  399. 
Q.  velutina,  Lamarck. 

Black  Oak.  Quercitron.  Dyer's  Oak. 

In  the  liilly  woods  of  our  neighbourhood.    ^  .  May. 

7.  Q.  leaves  oblong,  pinnatifid-scolloped,   pubes-  discolor. 
cent  beneath ;  lobes  oblong,  dentated,  bristly  - 
mncronate;  cup  turbinate;  acorn  ovate. —  Willd. 

and  Pursh. 
Q.  tinctoria  sinuosa,  Mich.  Querc. 
Icon.  Abbot's  Insects,  2.  p.  111.  and.  56. 

Black  Oak.    Red  Oak.    Two-coloured  Oak. 

Resembles  No.  4,  very  much.  Found  with  it.  lj  .  May. 

1 1 1  Leaves  deeply  scolloped  and  lobed. 

8.  Q.  leaves  on  long  petioles,  oblong,  deeply  scol-  «>ccinea. 
loped,    glabrous ;    lobes    divaricate,    dentated, 
acute,    bristly-mucronate ;    cup   turbinate,    re- 
markably  scally;   acorn   short-ovate. — Willd. 

and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Mich.  Querc.  No.  18.  t.  31,  32.  Mich.  f. 
Arbr.  forest.  2.  p.  116.  t.  23. 

Scarlet  Oak. 

In  rich  woods ;  very  rare.  ^  .  May. 

9.  Q.  leaves  on  long  petioles,  oblong,  glabrous,  «!»■ 
obtuse,  scolloped  ;  lobes  somewhat  acute,  denta- 
ted, with  a  bristly  point;  cup  scutellate,  near- 
ly even;  acorn  sub-ovate,  turgid. —  Willd.  and 
Pursh. 

Icon.  Mich.  Querc.  No.  20.  t.  55.  36.  Mich. 
f.  Arbr.  forest.  2.  p.  126.  t.  26. 


170 


MONOECIA,  POLYANDRIA. 


Red  Oak. 

The  finest  timber  tree  among  the  oaks. 

V  May. 


In  all  our  woods. 


taicata.  10.  Q.  leaves  on  long  petioles,  obtuse  at  the  base, 
tomentose  beneath,  three-lobed  or  scolloped; 
lobes  sub-falcate,  with  a  bristly  point,  terminal, 
elongated;  cup  crateriform ;  acorn  globose. — 
Mich.Jl.  Jlnur. 
Q.  elongata,  Willd. 

Icon.  Mich.   Querc.  No.  16.  t.  28.  Mich.  f. 
Arbr.  forest.  2.  p.  104.  t.  21. 

Spanish  Oak.    Downy-red  Oak. 

In  the  low  woods  of  Jersey.   Jj  .  May. 

paiustris.  11.  Q.  leaves  on  long  petioles,  oblong,  deeply  scol- 
loped, glabrous;  axills  of  the  veins  villous  be- 
neath: lobes  divaricate,  dentated,  acute,  with  a 
bristly  point;  cup  scutellate,  even;  acorn  sub- 
globose. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Mich.  Querc.  No.  19.  t.  33.  34.  Mich, 
f.  Arb.  forest.  2.  p.  123.  t.  25. 

Swamp  Spanish  Oak.     Fin  Oak. 

Leaves  small.  In  low  damp  woods.   \  .  May. 

Banisteri.  12.  Q.  leaves  on  long  petioles,  obovate-cuneiform, 
three  or  five-lobed,  margin  very  entire,  with 
an  ash-coloured  tomentum  beneath  :  lobes  with 
a  bristly  point;  cup  somewhat  turbinate; 
acorn  sub-globose. — Mich,  fi,  Jlmer. 
Q.  illicifolia,' Willd.  and  Wangh. 

Icon.  Mich.  Querc.  No.  15.  t.  27.  Mich.  f.  Arbr. 
forest.  2.  p.  96.  t.  19. 

Bear  Oak.   Black  Scrub  Oak.    Dwarf  Red  Oak. 
Banister's  Oak. 

A  small  species,  being  little  else  than  a  shrub  ;  from  4  to  6 
feet  high.  On  the  high  banks  of  the  Wissahickon,  near  Lang- 
stroth's  mills,  abundant.  Jj  •  May. 


MONOECIA,  POLYANDUIA.  171 

<j)  2.  Fructification  annual;  leaves  awnlcss. 
f  Leaves  lobed. 

13.  Q.  leaves  oblong,  scolloped,  cuneate  at  base,  pu-  obmsiioba. 
bescent  beneath  :  lobes  obtuse,  upper  ones  dila- 
ted,  2-lobed:  cup   hemispherical;   acorn  oval. 

— MicJuJi.  Jimer.  and  Purs/i. 
Q.  stellata,  Willd.  and  Wangfa. 
Icon.  Mich.  Querc.  No.  l.  t.  l.  Mich.  Arb.  fo- 
rest. 2.  t.  4. 

Upland  White  Oak.  Iron  Oak.  Barren  White  Oak. 
Post  Oak. 

In  barren  woods.   \i .  May. 

14.  Q.   leaves  oblong,   pinnatifid-sinuate,  pubes-aiba. 
cent    beneath  :  lobes  linear-lanceolate,   obtuse, 
very  entire,  attenuated  at  the  base;  fruit  pe- 
dunculated;    cup    sub-craterate,     tuberculate, 
flat  at  the  base ;  acorn  ovate. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Mich.  f.  Arbr.  forest,  vol.  2.  t.  1. 

White  Oak. 
One  of  the  commonest,  and  a  very  useful  species.   Jj  .  May. 


f  f  Leaves  entire,  toothed. 

15.  Q.  leaves  on  long  petioles,  obovate,  acute,  pu-  Prirms, 
bescent  beneath,  deeply  dentated  ;  teeth  nearly 
equal,    dilated,  point  callous;    cup    craterate, 
narrowed  at  base;    acorn   ovate. — Willd.  and 
Pursh. 

Q.  Prinus  palustris,  Mich.  fl.  Am. 

Icon.  Mich.  Querc.  n.  5.  t.  6.  Mich.  f.  Arbr. 

forest.  2.  t.  7.  Catesby.  Car.  1.  t.  18. 

Chesnut  White  Oak.    Swamp  Chesnut  Oak. 

On  the  banks  of  the  Schuylkill,  above   the   falls.     Fruit 
large.      ^  .  May. 


172  MONOEICA,  POLYANDRIA. 

bkoior.  16.  Q.  leaves  on  short  petioles,  oblong-ovate,  with 
a  white  tomentum  beneath,  deeply  dentated, 
very  entire  at  the  base ;  teeth  unequal,  dilated, 
somewhat  acute,  the  point  callous;  the  fruit  in 
pairs,  on  long  peduncles;  peduncle  terminating 
in  a  bristle;  cup  hemispherical;  acorn  ob- 
long-ovate.—  Willd.  and  Farsh. 

Q.  Prinus  tomentosa,  Mich.  Querc. 

Q.  Prinus  discolor,  Mich.  f.  Arbr.  forest.  2.  p. 
46.  t.  6.? 

Swamp  White  Oak. 
In  wet  or  boggy  woods,   fy  .  May. 

Montana.  \f m  Q,  leaves  on  petioles  of  a  middling  length, 
broad-ovate,  oblong,  with  a  white  tomentum  be- 
neath, shining  above,  deeply  dentated,  obtuse 
and  unequal  at  base  ;  teeth  nearly  equal,  very 
obtuse,  short;  fruit  in  pairs,  on  short  peduncles; 
cup  hemispherical ;  scales  tuberculate,  rugose ; 
acorn  ovate. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 
Q.  Prinus  monticola,  Mich.  Fl.  Amer. 

Icon.  Mich.  Querc.  No.  5.  t.  7.  Mich.  f.  Arbr. 
forest.  2.  t.  8.  Abbot's  Insects,  2.  t.  82. 

Rock  Chesnut  Oak. 

On  Chesnut -hill ;  common.     ^  .  May. 

castanea.  IS.  Q.  leaves  on  long  petioles,  oblong-lanceolate, 
base  obtuse,  acuminate,  tomentose-beneath, 
deeply  dentated ;  teeth  sub-equal,  dilated,  acute, 
callous  at  the  point ;  cup  hemispherical ;  acorn 
ovate-sub-globose. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Q.  Prinus  acuminata,  Mich.  fl.  Amer. 
Icon.  Mich.  Querc.  No.  5.  t.  8.  Mich.  f.  Arbr. 

forest.  2.  p.  6 1 .  t.  9. 

Fellow  Oak. 

A  fine  species.     On  the  woods  bordering  the  banks  of  the 
Delaware,  nine  or  ten  miles  above  Philadelphia,   lj  •  May. 


MONOECIA,  POLYANDRIA.  1 7  I 

19.  Q.   leaves  on  short  petioles,  obovate,  acute  at  chinquapin. 

base,  deeply   dentate,   glaucous  beneath;  teeth 

nearly  equal,  dilated,  callous  at  the  point;  cup 

hemispherical;  acorn  ovate. — Pursh. 
Q.  Prints  Chinquapin,  Mich.  f. 
Q.  Prinoides,  Willd. 

Icon.  Mich.  Querc.  n.  5.  t.  9.  f.  1.  Mich.  f.Arbr. 
forest.  2.  t.  10. 

Chinquapin  Oak.    Dwarf  Chesnut  Oak. 

A  very  handsome  shrub,  when  in  flower,  in  which  state  I 
have  found  it  from  one  to  four  feet  high.  On  the  edges  of 
woods  near  Kaighn's  point,  in  the  hedges  bordering  the 
sandy  fields  near  the  Delaware,  and  not  far  from  Kaighn's 
point ;  and  in  similar  places  near  Woodbury.    \  .  April,  May. 

358.  CORYLUS.  Gen.  pi.  1450.  (Amentacea.) 

Masc.  JLment  imbricated.  Calix  the  scales 
of  anient.  Stamina  8.  Fem.  Calix  2-part- 
ed?  lacerate.  Styles  2.  Nut  ovate,  in- 
closed by  the  persistent  calix. — JX*utt. 

1.  C.  leaves  subrotund,  cordate-acuminate;  calices  Americana. 
of.the  fruit  subrotund-campanulate,  larger  than 
the  globose  nut ;  limb  dilated,  dentate-serrated. 

—mud. 

Icon.  Wangh.  Amer.  t.  29.  f.  63. 
American  Hazel-nut.     Wild  Filbert. 

A  shrub,  from  five  to  eight  feet  high.  In  shady  woods  on 
the  Chester-road,  ten  miles  from  the  city.     ^  .  March. 

359.  FAG  US.  Gen.  pi.  1448.  (Amentacex.) 

Masc.  Ament  roundish.  Calix  5-cleft,  cam- 
panulate.  Stamina  about  12.  Fem.  Calix 
4-toothed?  setose.  Germs  2.  Nuts  2,  in- 
cluded in  the  echinate,  coriaceous  and 
quadrifid  calix. — JVutt. 

VOL.  II.  16 


J  ~4  MONOECIA,  POLYANDRIA. 

s:XA*nnicana.  *  *  ^  leaves  ovate-acuminate,  slightly  dentate; 
margin  ciliate,  acute  at  base;  nuts  ovate-tri- 
quetrous, obtuse,  with  a  point. — Willd.  and 
Mich.  f. 

Icon.  Mich.  f.  Arbr.  forest.  2.  p.  170. 

Beech-tree.     White  Beech. 

A  fine  tree,  common  in  our  woods,  bordering'  waters.     lj  • 
May. 

ferruginea.    2.  F.  leaves   ovate-oblong,  acuminate,  pubescent 
beneath,    deeply   dentate,  obtuse   at  the  base, 
sub-cordate,  unequal ;  nut  acutely  ovate-trique- 
trous, very  acute. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Mich.  Arbr.  2.  p.  174.  t.  9. 

Red  Beech. 

On  the   edges  of  woods,  on  the  Chester-road.     lj .  May, 
June. 

360.  CASTANEA.  Toumef.  Inst.  t.  352.  (Amenlacex.) 

Polygamous. — Masc.  Anient  naked,  linear. 
Corolla  5  or  6-parted.  Stamina  10  to  20. 
Fem.  Calix  5  or  6-leaved,  muricate. 
Germs  3.  Stigma  pencillformed.  Nuts 
3,  included  in  the  echinated  calix. — JSTutt. 

1.  C.  leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate,  mucronate- 
serrated,  every  where  smooth. —  Willd. 

Fagus  castanea,  Hort.  Clift.  447. 
Icon.  Mich.  Arbr.  2.  p.  156.  t.  6. 

•American  Chesnut. 

A  fine  large  tree,  the  fruit  of  which  is  well-known  by  the 
name  of  Chesnuts.  Every  where  in  the  woods ;  common.  ^  . 
May. 

361.  BETULA.  Gen.  pi.  1419.  (Amentacex.) 

Masc.  JLment  imbricated;  scales  peltate,  3- 


simericana. 


MONOECIA,  POLYANDRIA.  I  T9 


flowered.  Calix  consisting  of  scales.  Co- 
rolla none.  Stamina  10  to  12.  Fem.  Ca- 
lix scales  S-flowered.  Corolla  none.  Seed 
i,  alated. — JYutt. 

1.  B.  leaves  deltoid,  long,  acuminated,  unequally  popofifeik. 

serrated,  very  glabrous;    lateral  scale  lobes  of 
the   strobiles    subrotund;    petioles    smooth. — 

mm. 

B.  acuminata,  Ehrh. 

B.  lenta,  Du  Roi.  harbk.  and  Wangh.  Amer. 
Icon.  Mich.  Arbr.  forest.  2.  p.  139.  t.  2. 

White  Birch.    Old-field  Birch. 

A  middling  sized  tree.     In  woods  on  the  Chester-road.   fy  . 
June. 

2.  B.  leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  doubly  serrated ;  papyrifera. 
veins  hirsute  beneath  ;  petiole  smooth  ;  feminine 
aments  pedunculated,  nutant ;  lateral  scale  lobes 
short,  suborbiculate. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

B.  papyracea,  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Mich.  f.  Arbr.  forest.  2.  p.  133.  t.  1. 

Pap&r  Birch.  Canoe  Birch. 

A  large  tree.  On  the  banks  of  the  Schuylkill  near  the  falls; 
on  Timber-creek,  and  elsewhere' in  Jersey.   Jj  .  May. 

3.  B.  leaves  cordate-ovate,  narrowly    serrated,  iema. 
acuminate;  nerves  and  petioles  hairy  beneath; 
scales  of  the  strobiles   smooth ;   lobes   obtuse, 
equal,  with  raised  veins. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

B.  carpinifolia,  Ehrh. 

B.  nigra,  Du  Roi.  harbk.  and  Wangh.  Amer. 
Icon.  Mich.  Arbr.  2.  p.  145.  t.  4. 

Mountain  Mahogany.    Black  Birch.    Cherry  Birch. 
Sweet  Birch. 

A  large  and  elegant  tree.     Its  branches  have  a  fine  sweet 


176  MONOECIA,  POLYANDRIA. 

aromatic  taste  and  smell,  and  its  wood  is  very  fine  and  hand- 
some. On  the  shores  of  the  Schuylkill,  east  side,  below  the 
falls  and  elsewhere.     \  .     May. 

362.  CARPINUS.  Gen.  pi.  1449.  (Amentacece.) 

Ament  imbricated.  Masc;  Scales  of  the  ca- 
lix ciliated.  Stamina  about  10.  Fem.  Ca- 
lix scales  2-flowered.  Corolla  trifid.  J\*ut 
ovate,  sulcate. — JVutt. 

Ammcana.    x.  C.  leaves  oblong-ovate,  acuminate,  unequally 
serrated;  scales  of  the  strobiles  three -parted, 
the  intermediate  segment  ovate-lanceolate,  late- 
ral one  dentated. —  Willd. 
C.  Virginiana,  Mich.  Arbr.  forest.  3.  t.  8. 

American  Horn-beam. 

On  Cooper's  creek,  the  Wissahickon  and  Schuylkill ;  not 
uncommon.  lj  .  May. 

363.  PLATANUS.  Gen.  pi.  1451.  (Amentacea.) 

Ament  globose.  Masc.  Calix  none.  Corolla 
scarcely  manifest.  Anthers  adnate  to  the 
filaments  from  the  base.  Fem.  Calix  ma- 
ny-leaved. Corolla  none.  Stigmas  recurv- 
ed. Capsules  sub-clavate,  1 -seeded,  mu- 
cronate  with  the  style,  pappose  at  the  base. 
— JWtt. 

occidemaiis.  j.  p.  leaves  five-angular,  obscurely  lobate,  den- 
tated  ;  branches  whitish. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Mich.  Arbr.  forest.  3.  t.  3. 

Button-wood.   Water  Beech.  Sycamore.  Plane-tree. 
In  Canada — Cotton-tree. 

The  largest  tree  of  North  America.  I  have  seen  it  on  the 
islands  in  the  Susquehanna,  near  Peach-bottom,  of  an  immense 
diameter.  In  fields,  and  on  the  borders  of  rivers,  and  roads; 
common.   J^ .  May. 


MONOECIA,  POLYANDRIA.  165 

Stem  rooting,  erect;  leaves  rigid, partly  entire,  or  /&  *»«** 
divided   above,  mostly  trifid;    segments   seta- 
ceous and  acute. — Nutt. 

Purshia  humilis,  Rafinesque,  New  York  Med. 
Rep.  2.  p.  361? 

A  small  plant,  growing'  on  the  overflowed  banks  of  the  Dela- 
ware, just  above  Kensington. 

356.  SAG1TTARIA.  Gen.  pi.  1441.  (Junci.) 

Calix  3-leaved.  Petals  3.  Stamina  about 
24.  Germs  many.  Caps  ides  ?  aggregated, 
1 -seeded,  not  opening. — J\Tutt. 

1 .  S.  leaves  ovate,  acute,  sagittate ;  lobes  ovate,  sagittifolia. 
very   slenderly    acuminated,    straight;    scape 
simple ;  flowers  monoicous ;  bractes  subrotund- 
obtuse. —  Willd. 

S.  sagittifolia,  Mich,  and  Muhl. 
S.  latifolia,  Pursh,  and  Willd. 

leaves  large,   abruptly  acute ;    scape  somewhat  /3  wfiiia. 

branched  ;  flowers  dioicous. — Pursh. 
S.  sagittifolia,  /3.  major,  Pursh. 

Arrow -leaved  Arrow-head. 

A  very  fine  looking  plant,  in  profusion  in  all  the  ditches  and 
on  the  margins  of  all  the  waters  of  our  neighbourhood.  From 
twelve  inches  to  three  feet  high.  Flowers  white.  0.  is  also 
very  common,  and  always  a  much  larger  plant.  The  Indians 
are  said  to  have  roasted  the  roots  of  this  plant  for  food.  Pe- 
rennial.    July,  August. 

2.  S.  leaves  dilate-ovate,  rotund-obtuse,  mucro- obtusa« 
nate,   sagittate;    lobes  close  together,  oblong, 
obliquely   acuminated,  straight;  scape  single; 
flowers  dioicous;  bractes  ovate,  acute. —  Willd. 
and  Pursh. 

Obtuse-leaved  Arrow-head. 

In  similar  places  with  the  preceding,  but  rare.  Flowers  also 
white.     Perennial.    July,  August. 

15* 


166 


MONOECIA,  POLYANDRIA. 


heterophyiia?  3,  s.  leaves  simple,  linear  and  lanceolate,  acute  at 
each  end,  or  elliptical  acute ;  base  obtuse,  sa- 
gittate; lobe  divaricate,  linear ;  scape  simple, 
few-flowered  ;  flowers  monoicous,  feminine 
sessile;  bractes  broad-ovate,  acuminate. — 
Pursh. 
S.  lancifolia,  Bart.  Prod.  Fl.  Ph. 

Varying-leaved  Arrow-head, 

I  am  not  certain  that  the  plant  intended  above,  is  Pursh's 
heterophyiia,  but  it  fits  the  description  in  part.  It  can  hardly 
be  the  lancifolia  of  Mich.,  which  is  a  southern  plant.  In 
similar  places  with  No.  1,  common,  varying  in  size  from  one  to 
three  feet  The  scapes  are  round,  the  long1  petioles  triangular  ; 
sheathing  at  the  root.  In  a  pool  on  the  left  of  the  road  near 
Lemon-hill,  abundant.     Perennial.     June,  August. 

acmifoiia.  4.  S.  leaves  subulate,  sheathing  at  the  base ;  back 
convex ;  scape  simple,  few-flowered ;  flowers 
monoicous ;  bractes  dilated,  acuminate. — Pursh. 

Acute-leaved  Arrow-head. 

From  three  to  ten  inches  high.  Leaves  often  with  a  dilated 
point.  On  the  marshy  shores  of  the  Delaware,  at  low  tide  ; 
common.     Perennial.     July,  August. 

subuiata.  5.  s.  leaves  linear,  obtuse  and  short,  the  summits 
foliaceous ;  scape  simple,  shorter  than  the  leaves; 
flowers  monoicous,  few  ;  female  flower  solitary, 
deflected  ;  stamina  mostly  seven. — Nutt. 

S.  pusilla,  Nutt. 

Alisma  subuiata,  Pursh. 


From  one  to  three  or  four  inches  high.  I  have  strong  sus- 
picions that  this  is  nothing  more  than  a  variety  of  No.  4.  For 
the  present  I  leave  it  undecided.  With  No.  4,  common.  Pe- 
rennial.   July,  August. 


MONOECIA,  POLYANDRIA.  167 

§  1.  Fructification  biennial;  leaves  setaceoushj  mu- 

cronate. 

f  Leaves  mostly  entire. 
357.  QUERCUS.  Gen.  pi.  1446.  (Amentacex.) 

Masc.  Calix  mostly  5 -cleft.  Corolla  none. 
Stamina  5  to  10.  Fem.  Calix  1  -leaved, 
entire,  scabrous.  Corolla  none.  Styles  2 
to  5.  Nut  (or  gland)  coriaceous,  mostly 
surrounded  at  the  base  by  the  persistent 
calix. — JSTutt. 

1.  Q.  leaves  deciduous,  linear-lanceolate,  atten- PhelI*3« 
uated  at  each  end,  very  entire,  glabrous,  rau- 
cronate ;    cup  scutellate  ;    acorn    subrotund. — 
WilliL  and  Pursh. 

Q.  Phellos  sylvatica,  Mich.  Querc.  n.  7. 

Icon.  Mich,  as  above.  Mich.  f.  Arb.  forest.  2. 
t.  12. 

Willow  Oak. 

Forty  or  forty-five  feet  high.  Leaves  resembling'  those  of 
the  willow.  In  low  swampy  grounds,  especially  in  Jersey.  \i  . 
May. 

2.  Q.  leaves  deciduous,  oblong,  acute  at  each  end,  imbricaria. 
mucronate,  very  entire,  shining,  pubescent  be- 
neath ;     cup   scutellate ;    scales    broad-ovate ; 
acorn  sub-globose. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Mich.  Querc.  n.  9.  t.  15  and  16.  Mich, 
f.  Arbr.  forest,  2.  p.  78.  t.  13. 

Laurel  Oak.    Jack  Oak.    Shingle  Oak. 

Forty  or  fifty  feet  high.  In  the  woods,  close  to  Woodbury ; 
very  rare.   I2  .  May,  June. 


f  f  Leaves  toothed  or  shortly  lobed. 

3.  Q.  leaves  on  long  petiolates,  ovate -lanceolate  or  teterophyiia. 


168  MONOECIA,  POLYANDRIA. 

oblong,  entire,  or  unequally  toothed  with  large 
dentures;  cup  hemispherical;  acorn  sub-globose. 
— Mich.  f. 

Icon.  Mich.  f.  Arbres.  forest.  2.  p.  87. 

Burner' s  Oak.  BartraitCs  Oak.  Various -leaved  Oak. 

The  only  individual  of  this  species  known  ;  supposed  to  he 
a  hybrid.  On  the  banks  of  the  Delaware,  at  Kingsess.  \ . 
May. 

aquatica.  4.  Q.  leaves  ovate-cuneiform,  glabrous,  very  en- 
tire; apex  obscurely  3-lobcd>  intermediate  lobe 
longest;  cup  hemispherical;  gland  sub-globose. 
—  Willd. 

Q.  nigra,  Sp.  PI.  1413. 

Q.  uliginpsa,  Wangh.  Amer.  (Pursh.) 

Icon.  Mich.  Quere.  n.  11.  t.  19.  t.  20.  fig.  I,  3, 

4,  5,  and  t.  21.  Mich.  f.  Arbr.  forest.  2.  p.  89. 

t.  17. 

Water  Oak. 

In  the  swampy  woods  two  miles  south-east  of  the  Buck-inn, 
on  the  Lancaster  road ;  very  rare.  The  leaves  of  this  species 
vary  very  much.   \  .  May. 

»igra«  5.  Q.  leaves  coriaceous,  cuneiform,  subcordate  at 

base;  apex  dilated,  retuse,  sub-three-lobed ; 
younger  ones  mucronate,  glabrous  above,  rusty- 
pulverulent  beneath;  cup  turbinated;  scales  ob- 
tuse, scarious  ;  acorn  short-ovate — Willd. 

Q.  nigra,  &  Sp.  PI.  1413. 

Q.  ferruginea,  Mich.  f.  Arb.  forest.  2.  p.  92. 
Icon.  Mich.  Querc.  n.    12.  t.  22,  23.  Mich.  f. 

Arb.  forest,  t.  18.  Catcsby.  Car.  1. 1.  19. 

Barren  Oak.     Black  Jack. 

Tn  the  sandy  woods  of  Jersey,  near  Haddonfield  and  Wood- 
bury; not  rare.    \  .     May. 

tinctoria.  6.  Q.  leaves  obovate-oblong,  very  slightly  scollop- 
ed, pubescent  beneath ;  lobes  oblong,  obtuse,  ob- 
soletely  denticulate,  with  a  bristly  point;  cup 


MONOECIA,  POLYANDRIA.  181 

Calix  and  corolla  none.  Berry  1  or  many- 
seeded. — J\Tutt. 

1 .  A.  stemlcss ;  leaves  pedate  ;  tblioles  lanceolate-  Dracontium. 
oblong,   very   entire;  spadix   subulate,   longer 

than   the  oblong-convolute  spathe. —  Willd.  and 
Pursh. 

Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  271.  f.  2. 

Green  Dragon.  Dragon  Root.    Pedate-leaved  Wake 

Robin. 

About  two  feet  high.  Leaves  large.  On  the  "Wissahickon, 
and  the  borders  of*  the  Schuylkill,  west  side  ;  rather  rare.  Pe- 
rennial. June. 

2.  A.  subcaulescent ;  leaves  ternate ;  folioles  ovate,  tripbyiium. 
acuminate;  spadix  clav  ate,  half  the  length  of 

the  ovate,  acuminate, flat,  pedunculated  spathe; 
flowers  monoicous. — TVilld. 

with  a  green  spathe.  *  virem. 

Icon.  Pluk.  amalth.  t.  376.  f.  3. 

with  a  purple  spathe.  £  atr»Purpu- 

Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  77.  f.  5. 

Indian  Turnip. 

A  singular  looking  plant  with  a  hooded  spathe,  often  pret- 
tily striped  within,  though  sometimes  entirely  green  with  ob- 
scure white  stripes.  Possesses  medicinal  properties ;  and  a 
kind  of  arrow-root  has  been  made  from  the  root.  In  damp 
woods  and  copses,  and  in  boggy  ground  ;  common.  Perennial. 
June. 

3.  A.  stemless;  leaves  hastate-cordate,  acute;  lobes  virgmicum. 
obtuse;    spathe  elongated,   incurved  ;    spadix 
above,  with  a  long  column  of  masculine  flow- 
ers.—  IVilld.  and  Pers. 

Calla  Virginiana,  Mich. 

A  plant  not  easily  distinguished  at  a  distance,  from  Sagitta- 


182  MONOECIA,  MONADELPHIA. 

ria  sagittifolia,  and  growing-  with  it  in  profusion.  From  one  to 
three  feet  high.  Spathe  long,  green,  and  rigidly  involute.  Pe- 
rennial. June. 


ORDER  VIII.     MONADELPHIA. 

368.  PINUS.  Gen.  pi.  1451.  (Conifer*.) 

Masc.  Calix  4-leaved.  Corolla  none.  Sta- 
mina many.  Anthers  naked.  Fem.  Calix 
a  strobilus  or  cone ;  scales  2-flowered. 
Corolla  none.  Pistil  1.  JSTat  alated. — 
JVutt. 


canadensis,  1.  P.  leaves  solitary,  flat,  denticulated,  somewhat 
distichal ;  cones  ovate,  terminal ;  scarcely  long- 
er than  the  leaf. — Lambert,  Monograph. 

Not.  P.  Canadensis,  Du  Roi.  harbk.  2.  t.  124. 

P.  Americana,  Du  Roi.  harbk.  2.  p.  107. 

Abies  Canadensis,  Mich.  f. 

Icon.  Lambert,  Monograph  of  the  Pines,  p.  50. 

t.  32.  Mich.  f.  Arbr.  forest.  1.  p.  137.  t.  13. 

Hemlock  Spruce. 

A  very  large  and  fine  tree.  The  boards  and  scantling  made 
from  its  trunk  are  called  hemlock  timber.  On  the  Wissahickon ; 
abundant.     On  the  Schuylkill,  often  met  with.   I2  .     May. 

nigra.  2.  P.  leaves  solitary,  four-angled,  every  where 

scattered,  erect,  upright;  cones  ovate;  scales 
ellipitical;  margin  undulated,  erose-denticu- 
late. — Lambert 

P.  mariana,  Du  Roi.  harbk.  2.  p.  107. 

P.  denticulata,  Mich.  Fl.  Amer. 

Abies  nigra,  Mich.  f. 

Icon.  Lambert,  monograph,  p.  41.  t.  27. 


MONOECIA,  MONADELPH1A.  18; 

Black  Spruce.    Double  Spruce. 

The  extract  of  Spruce,  is  prepared  from  this  tree.  It  is 
much  used,  particularly  m  making-  a  common  and  wholesome 
beverage,  called  spruce  beer.  On  the  Wissahickon ;  not  com- 
mon.     I2  •  May. 

3.  P.  leaves  short,  in  pairs;  cones  recurved,  ob-in°Ps- 
long-conical,  the  length  of  the  leaves  ;  aculese  of 
the  scales  subulate,  upright. — Lambert. 

P.  Virginian  a,  Du  Roi.  harbk.  2.  p.  35. 

Icon.  Lambert,  monog.   p.  18.  t.   13.  Mich.  f. 
Arbr.  forest.  1.  t.  4. 

New  Jersey  Pine.    Scrub  Pine.    Pitch  Pine. 

A  low,  straggling',  and  very  common  species,  particularly  in 
Jersey.     I2  •    May. 

4.  P.  leaves  elongated,  in  pairs,  and  three's,  slen-  variabilis. 
der  and  a  little  channelled  ,*  cones   ovate-coni- 
cal, nearly  solitary ;    aculese  of  the  scales  in- 
curved.— Lambert. 

P.  niitis,  Mich.  f. 

Icon.  Mich.  f.  Arbr.  forest.  1.  p.  52.  t.  3. 

Yellow  Pine. 

■ 

A  very  useful  species,  affording  the  hardest  and  best  wood 
for  floors,  &c.  In  the  pine  woods  of  Jersey,  and  on  the 
Wissahickon.     \  .  May. 

5.  P.  leaves  in  three's  with  short  sheaths ;  mascu-  1-isida' 
line    aments    erect-incumbent:     cones    ovate, 
scattered  or  aggregated ;    spines  of  the  scales 
reflexed. — Lambert. 

Icon.  Lambert,  monog.  p.  25.  t.  18,  19.  Mich, 
f.  Arbr.  forest.  1.  p.  89.  t.  8. 

Black  or  Pitch  Pine. 

A  tolerably  large  tree.  In  pine  woods,  Jersey,  and  on  the 
Wissahickon.     I2  .  May. 


184  MONOECIA,  MONADELPHIA. 

369.  ACALYPHA.  Gen.  pi.  1461.  (Euphori     .) 

Masc.  Calix  3  or  4-parted.  Corolla  none. 
Stamina  8  to  16.  Fem.  Styles  3,  bifid. 
Capsule  3-grained,  3-celled,  3-seeded. — 
Nutt. 

^virginica.      1.  A.  feminine  flowers  at  the  base  of  the  masculine 
spike ;  involucres  ovate,  acuminate,  dentated ; 
leaves    on    short    petioles;    oblong-lanceolate, 
remote,  obtuse-serrated. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Pluk.  phyt.  t.  99.  f.  4. 

Virginian  Three-seeded  Mercury. 

An  ordinary  looking  plant,  found  abundantly  in  all  cultivated 
grounds,  old  fields,  and  on  road-sides.  Flowers  inconspicuous. 
Annual.  June  to  September. 

caroimiana.  2.  A.  feminine  flowers  at'thebase  of  the  masculine 
spike;  involucres  cor  date-den  tated :  leaves  on 
long  petioles,  subrhomboid-ovate,  serrated,  very 
entire  at  the  base. — Willd.  and  Walt. 

Carolinian  Three-seeded  Mercury. 

This  species  resembles  No.  1,  so  closely,  that  most  students 
would  confound  them  with  each  other.  The  greater  breadth 
of  the  leaves  and  the  much  longer  petioles  in  the  present  spe- 
cies than  in  No.  1,  will  sufficiently  discriminate  them.  Both 
species  are  occasionally  found  with  leaves  of  dingy  crimson 
colour.  In  similar  places  with  No.  1 ;  also  common.  Perennial. 
July. 

370.  EUPHORBIA.  Gen.  pi.  823.  (Euforbics.) 

Involucrum  caliciform,  8  to  10- toothed,  ex- 
terior alternate  dentures  glanduloid  or  pe- 
taloid.  Stamina  indefinite/  12  or  more, 
rarely  less ;  feminine  flower  central,  naked, 
solitary,  stipitated.      Styles  3,  bifid. 


MONOECIA,  MONADELPHIA.  185 

1.  E.  glabrous,  very  much  branched,  spreading-  hypericin-*. 
erect ;  branches  divaricating ;  leaves  opposite, 
serrated,    oval-oblong,    sub-falcate;    corymbs 
terminal. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Cornm.  prsel.  60.  t.  10.  Rob.  ic.    11. 
Sloan's  Hist.  Jam.  1.  t.  126.  (Pursh.) 

St.  John's-wort-leaved  Spurge. 

About  a  foot  or  fifteen  inches  high.  Whole  plant  often 
reddish,  especially  the  leaves  and  their  margins.  Flowers 
small.  The  foliage  has  somewhat  the  habit  of'  a  Hypericum. 
On  the  banks  of  the  Delaware,  Jersey  side,  three  miles  below 
Kaighn's  point,  abundant.  In  cultivated  and  neglected  fields, 
common.     Annual.     July. 

2.  E.  procumbent,  adpressed  j    leaves  small,  op-macuiw*. 
posite,  unequal  at  base,  oblong,  hairy;   flowers 
axillary,  solitary ;  calicine  appendices  colour- 
ed. B. 

Icon.  Jacq.Hort.  vind.  t.  186?  (Pursh. }  Pluk. 
aim.  t.  65.  f.  8  ? 

Spotted  Spurge. 

A  procumbent  hairy  plant,  with  leaves  rarely  more  than 
three-eighth's  of  an  inch  long,  and  two  eighth's  broad,  with  a 
brownish  spot  or  two  in  the  middle.  The  plant  varies  in  size, 
the  stems  being  from  two  or  three  inches  to  fifteen  long,  and 
very  much  branched.  Involucres  white.  Flowers  very  small. 
Y\  hole  plant  closely  adpressed  to  the  earth.  It  is  often  found 
in  the  crevices  of  our  pavements.  This  does  not  appear  to  me 
to  be  the  E.  maculata  of  Willd.  and  it  is  not  unlikely  it  is  an 
entirely  distinct  species ;  common-  Annual.     All  summer. 

3.  E.  procumbent  (or  semi-erect,)  glabrous ; leaves  ipecacuanha. 
o]t])osite,  obroVate  ei»  lanceofcte?  ot>  Hnea^lan-  \ 
ceolate  ;  peduncles  axillary,  one-flowered,  very 

long.  B.  J 

Icon.  Bart.  Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S.  vol.  1. 1  18. 

American  Ipecacuanha,     Ipecacuanha   Spurge. 
#c.  $c. 

A  polymorphous  plant  both  in  the  size  and  shape  of  the 
leaves,  and  varying  in  their  colour.  They  are  small,  large,  ovate, 
vot.  ii.  17 


186  MONOECIAj  MONADELPHIA. 

oval,  oblong,  lanceolate,  and  linear-lanceolate,  in  different  situa- 
tions, and  vary  in  colour  from  apple-green  to  crimson.  The 
root  is  large  and  from  two  to  six  feet  long.  Possesses  medi- 
cinal virtues,  being  equal  to  Ipecacuanha  as  an  emetic.  (See 
Veg.  Mat.  Med.  U.  S.)  In  the  sandy  fields  of  Jersey,  opposite 
Southwark  and  not  far  from  the  Delaware  ;  also  in  those  several 
miles  below  Kaighn's  point,  abundant.  Perennial.  April, 
May,  and  often  in  June  and  July. 

coroiiata.      4.  E.  umbel  5  to  3-cleft,  dichotomous :    involu- 
cells  and  leaves  oblong*,  obtuse  ;  calicine  appen- 
dices petaloid,  obovate. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Pluk.  Mant.  t.  446.  f.  3. 


Corollated  Spurge. 

A  fine  species,  from  one  to  two  and  a  half  feet  high,  with 
]arge  or  conspicuous  white  flowers.  In  Jersey,  abundant,  op- 
posite Southwark.  On  the  edges  of  fields  between  Mar- 
ket-street bridge  and  Kingsess  Gardens,  and  in  similar  places 
elsewhere.  The  leaves  vary  in  breadth.  Perennial.  July, 
August. 

5.  E.   umbel  4-cleft,  dichotomous ;  leaves  oppo- 


site, lanceolate,  very  entire.- 
Icon.  Blackw.  t.  123. 


Willd. 


Mole-plant,     Caper  Spurge. 

A  hardy  plant,  not  a  native  of  this  country,  but  in  this  neigh- 
bourhood sometimes  met  with,  in  situations  where  it  has  the 
appearance  of  growing  wild.  On  the  "Wissahickon,  near  the 
paper  mills.  In  Jersey,  near  Woodbury ;  and  near  Frankford. 
Biennial.     July,  August. 


DIOECIA. 


VALLISNERIA. 

SALIX. 

FRAXINUS. 

NYSSA. 

ACNIDA. 

HUMULUS. 

SMILAX. 


DIOSCOREA. 

GLEDITSCHIA. 

POPULUS. 

DIOSPYROS. 

UDORA. 

MENISPERMUM. 

JUNIPERUS. 


[  188] 

CLASS  XX DIOECIA. 

ORDER  II.     DIANDRIA. 

Mitchell.  Gen.pl.  1491.  (Hydvocharides.) 

Masc.  Spatlie  ovate,  2-parted.  Spadix  cov- 
ered with  minute  flowers.  Calix  3-parted. 
Fem.  Spathe  hind,  1 -flowered.  Calix  3- 
parted,  superior.  Corolla  of  3  petals. 
Stigmas  3,  ligulate,  seuiibiiid.  Capsule 
valveless,  1 -celled,  seeds  numerous,  parie- 
tally  attached.  (Stamina  2  and  6.) — J\Tutt, 

1.  V.  leaves  linear  and  obtuse,  equal  from  the 
base,  3-nerved,  margin  minutely  and  acule- 
ately  serrulate;  male  peduncles  very  short,  fe- 
male ones  spiral. — JYiitt. 

American  Vallisneiia.    Tape-grass,  Channel-weed, 
Duck-grass, 

A  very  singular  and  interesting-  aquatic  plant,  hardly  more, 
as  Pursh  correctly  remarks,  than  a  local  variety  of  V.  spiralis. 
The  peduncles  of  the  female  flower  are  always,  more  or  less 
spiral,  particularly  in  deep  water.  Leaves  three  or  five  feet 
long,  and  equal  in  breadth  all  their  length — little  more  than 
a  quarter  of  an  inch  broad.  In  the  Schuylkill,  Delaware,  and 
ditches  below  the  Navy -yard,  common  and  abundant.  This 
plant  grows  in  great  abundance  in  the  Susquehanna,  and  con- 
stitutes the  principal  food  of  the  Anas  Vallisneria  of  Wilson, 
(Anas  ferina)  or  canvass-back  duck ;  and  it  is  said  to  give  the 
food  of  that  fowl  its  peculiar  delicate  flavour.  Loose  leaves, 
peduncles  and  flowers  of  this  plant,  are  frequently  found 
floating  on  the  Delaware  near  the  shores  and  among  boats. 
Perennial.   August. 

372.  SALIX.  Gen.  pi.  1493.  (Amentacece.) 

Masc.  JLment  cylindric.  Calix  consisting  of 
scales.  Corolla  none.  Nectariferous  glands. 


DIOECIA,  DIANDRIA.  189 

at  the  base  of  the  stamina.  Stamina  1  to  6. 
Fem.  Flower  as  the  male.  Style  bifid. 
Capsule  1 -celled,  2-valved.  Seeds  wool- 
ly.—Naff. 

f  Leaves  very  entire  or  obscurely  serrated. 

1.  S.  leaves  lanceolate-linear,  very  long,  acuini-  TiminaEa. 
nated,  very  entire,  somewhat  undulated,  with  a 
silvery  silkenness  beneath  and  scattered  glands 
towards  the  margin;  stipules  small ;  aments  ap- 
pearing before  the  leaves ;  scales  nearly  round, 
very  hairy;  germs  sessile,  ovate;  style  filiform  ; 
stigmas  acute,  undivided. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Hoff.   Salic.  1.  t.  2.  f.  1.  and  2.  t.  5.  f. 


2.  t.  21.  f.  e.  f.  g. 


Willow, 


Introduced,  but  often  found  on  the  margins  of  our  waters, 
where  it  is  naturalized.    ^  .  April. 


f  f  Leaves  remote  and  obtuse,  serrated. 

2.  S.  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  remotely  serrated,  longirostis. 
acute,  glabrous  above,  flat  and  tomentose  be- 
neath; stipules  lunate,  subdentate;  aments  ap- 
pearing before  the  leaves,  diandrous  ;  scales  lan- 
ceolate, obtuse,  villous;  germs  pedicellated,  lan- 
ceolate, silky  ;  style  bifid  ;  stgimas  bilobed. — 
Willd.  and  Pursh. 

S.  longirostis,  Mich. 
S.  huniilis,  Marsh.? 
S.  conifera,  Pursh. 

Icon.  Wangh.  Am.  t.  31.  f.  72.  (Pursh.) 

Cone-hearing  Willow. 

On  the  edges  of  woods  near  the  Chester-road,  eight  miles 
below  the  city.     )j  .  April. 

3.  S.  leaves  oblong,  somewhat  obtuse,  glabrous,  discolor. 

17* 


190  DIOECIA,  DIANBRIA. 

remotely-serrated,  very  entire  at  the  apex,  glaiir 
cous  beneath ;  stipules  deciduous,  lanceolate, 
serrated ;  aments  appearing  nearly  at  the  same 
time  with  the  leaves,  diandrous,  oblong,  tomen- 
tose;  scales  oblong,  acute,  with  black  hairs; 
germs  subsessile,  lanceolate,  tomentose ;  style 
of  moderate  size;  stigmas  biparted. — WilUL  and 
Fursh. 

Icon.  Muhl.  in  annals  of  Bot.  2.  t.  5. 

Red-rooted  Willow, 

In  low  swampy  grounds,  nine  miles  south-west  of  Philadel- 
phia, not  unfrequent.  The  twigs  are  tough  and  used  for  mak- 
ing baskets.     \i .  April. 


f  ff  Leaves  thick  and  acute,  serrated. 
*  Triandrous. 

Viguia.  4.  S.  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate,  base 
subcordate,  rigid,  glabrous,  narrowly  serrated ; 
serratures  elongated  below;  petioles  villous; 
stipules  large,  cordate,  obtuse,  glandular-ser- 
rated ;  aments  appearing  with  the  leaves,  sub- 
S-androus;  scales  lanceolate,  covered  with  black 
wool ;  germs  on  long  pedicels,  lanceolate, 
smooth  ;  style  very  short ;  stigmas  biparted.—- 
Willd.  and  Pursh. 

S.  cordata,  Mich.,  not  Muhl. 

S.  cordilblia,  Herb.  Banks,  Mss.  (Pursh.) 

Stiff-leaved  Willow. 

In  swampy  hedges,  on  low  grounds,  two  miles  below  Phila- 
delphia, not  far  from  the  Chester  road.  Also  used  for  making 
baskets.      >j  •  April. 

*  *  Diandrous. 

"petioiaris.  5.  s.  leaves  lanceolate,  every  where  serrated, 
smooth,  glaucous-silky  beneath,  generally  un- 
equal at  the  base ;  stipules  ternate,  dentated, 
small;   aments  appearing  before  the  leaves; 


DIOECIA,  DIANDRIA.  191 

loose ;  scales  obovate,  obtuse,  with  black  hairs ; 
germs  on  long  pedicels,  ovate,  silky ;    stigmas  ■ 
sessile,  2-lobed. — Willd,  and  Pursh, 

5.  Pennsylvania,  Hortul. 
Icon.  Engl.  Bot.  1147. 

On  the  margins  of  the  Delaware,  Jersey  side,     fy  .  April. 

6.  S.  leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate,  serrated,  up-  aiba. 
per  and  under  sides  sericeous,  the  smaller  ser- 
ratures  glandular,*  stipules  obsolete;  aments 
appearing  with  the  leaves,  elongated;  scales 
oval-lanceolate,  of  a  uniform  colour,  pubescent; 
germs  sub-sessile,  ovate-oblong,  becoming  final- 
ly smoothish;  style  short;  stigmas  biparted, 
thick. —  WiihL  and  Pursh, 

Icon.  Hoff.  Salic.  1.  t.  7  8.  and  t.  24.  f.   3. 
(Pursh.) 

White  Willow. 

A  large  tree,  also  introduced  but  completely  naturalized.  On 
the  shores  of  the  Delaware,  and  other  waters  in  the  neighbour- 
hood, and  on  road  sides ;  common.     \  .  April. 

7.  S.  leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate,  closely  serrated,  viteiijuia. 
glabrous  above,  discoloured,  and  somewhat 
silky  beneath ;  stipules  none ;  aments  appearing 
nearly  at  the  same  time  with  the  leaves,  cylin- 
drical; scales  ovate-lanceolate,  of  one  colour, 
pubescent  without ;  germs  sessile,  ovate-lanceo- 
late, glabrous;  stigmas  sub-sessile,  2-lobed. — 
Willd,  and  Pursh, 

Icon.  Hoff.  Salic.  1. 1. 11  and  12,  and  t.  24.  f. 
1.  (Pursh.)  Engl.  Bot.  1050. 

Fellow  Willow, 

Common  on  road  sides.  \  •  May. 

373.  FRAXINUS.  Gen.  pi.  1597.  (Jasmine*.) 

Calicc  none,  or  4- parted.  Corolla  none,  or  of 
4  petals.  Pistil  1.  Samara  l-seeded;  the 
wing  lanceolate. — Nutt. 


192 


DIOECIA,  PENTANDRIA. 


sambucifoUa.  |.  F.  folioles  petiolated,  oval,  serrated,  sessile ; 
branches  dotted. — Mich.f. 

Black-ash.     Elder-leaved  Ash.     Water-ash. 

A  large  tree,  not  unfrequent  in  the  neighbouring  woods. 
\  .  April. 

Americana.   g.  jr.  petioles  very  entire,  long,  acuminated,  pe- 
tiolated, glaucous  beneath. — Mich.f. 
F.  discolor,  Muhl. 

White  Ash. 

A  large  and  useful  tree.  In  our  woods,  common.    \  .    May. 

tomentosa.  3.  F.  folioles  about  nine,  dentated,  petiolated; 
branches  and  petioles  pubescent-tomentose. — 
Mich.  f. 

Red  Ash.  Jlsh. 

The  commonest  species,  well  known  by  the  name  of  Ash. 
\.  May. 


ORDER  V.     PENTANDRIA. 


aquatica. 


374.  NYSSA.     Gen.  pi.  1599.     (Elceagni.) 

Hermaphrodite.  Calix  5-parted.  Corolla, 
none.  Pistil  1.  Drupe  inferior.  JSPut  1- 
seeded.  Masc.  Stamina  5,  8,  10  and  i%} 
seated  around  a  peltate  gland. — JSTutt. 

1.  N.  leaves  ovate-oblong,  very  entire,  acute  at 
each  end,  glabrous;  feminine  peduncles  2-flow- 
ered  ;  berries  short-ovate;  nut  obtuse-striate. — 
Willd.  and  Fursh. 

N.  aquatica,  L.  and  Mich.  f. 

N.  integrifolia,  Ait. 

N.  biflora,  Mich,  and  Fursh. 


DIOECIA,  PENTANDRIA.  19< 

Icon.  Mich.  f.  Arbr.  forest.  22.  Catesb.  Car.  1. 
t.  41. 

Large  Tupelo.    Gum  Tree.    Sour  Gum.    Pepe- 

ridge. 

Berries  bluish -black.  In  swampy  woods,  particularly  in 
Jersey.  Rare.    \i .  April. 

2.  N.  leaves  oval,  very  entire ;  petiole,  middle  s>lvatica< 
nerve  and  margin,  villous;  feminine  peduncles 
long,  generally  2-flowered;  nut  short,  obovate, 
obtuse,  striated. — Jlich.f. 

N.  villosa,  Mich. 

N.  montana,  Hortul. 

Gum.  Black  Gum.  Sour  Gum.  Swamp  Horn-beam. 

A  fine  tree,  with  indigo-blue  berries.  On  the  Woodlands. 
Jj  .  May. 

375.  ACNIDA.     Gen.  pi.  1521.     (AtripUces.) 

Masc.  Calix  5-parted.  Corolla  none.  Fem. 
Calix  3-parted.  Corolla  none.  Styles 
none.  Stigmas  3,  sessile.  Capsule  1- 
seeded. — Nutt. 

1.  A.  leaves  lanceolate;  capsules  somewhat  even, cannabis. 
acute,  angular. — Willd. 

Smooth-fruited  Jlcnida. 

An  ordinary  looking  plant,  from  a  foot  to  eighteen  inches 
high.  On  the  marshy  shores  of  the  Schuylkill  and  Delaware, 
among  the  large  autumnal  plants ;  very  common.  Annual. 
July,  August. 

2.  A.  leaves  oval -lanceolate;  capsules  obtuse,  an  rusocarpa. 
gled,  rugose. —  Willd. 

Icon. "Mich.  fl.  Am.  2.  t.  50. 


194  DIOECIA,  HEXANDRIA. 

Rough-fruited  Jlcnida. 

From  three  to  four  feet  high,  and  robust,  having  the  habit 
of  an  Amaranthus.  On  the  bank  walk  from  Gray's  ferry  to 
Kingsess  gardens,  and  on  that  from  the  Navy-yard  to  Glou- 
cester point.  Scarce.  Annual.  July,  August. 

376.  HUMULUS.     Gen.  pi.  1523.     (Urticce.) 

Masc.  Calix  5-leaved.  Corolla  none.  Fem. 
Calix  1 -leaved,  obliquely  spreading,  en- 
tire. Corolla  none.  Styles  2.  Seed  1,  with- 
in the  leafy  calix,  (or  strobilus.) — JSTutt. 


Lapulus.         1.  H. 


Hop. 


Common  Hop,  so  useful  in  the  brewing  of  malt  liquor,  is 
unquestionably  indiginous  on  the  shores  of  the  Schuylkill 
and  Delaware,  in  thickets,  and  in  other  places  in  the  vicinity. 
Perennial.    August. 


ORDER  VI.     HEXANDRIA. 

377.  SMILAX.     Gen.  pi.  1528.     (Asparagi.) 

Masc.  Calix  6-leaved.  Corolla  none.  An- 
thers adnate  to  the  filaments.  Fem.  Flow- 
er similar  to  the  male.  Style  minute.  Stig- 
mas 3.  Berry  3-celled,  superior;  1,  2,  or 
3-seeded.— Nutt. 

rotuudifoiia.  1.  S.  somewhat  prickly ;  leaves  rotund-ovate,  acu- 
minate, very  even,  cordate,  5-nerved;  berries 
spherical. — Willd.  and  Pursh, 

Round-leaved  Smilax.  Green  Briar. 

Common    in   hedges  and    thickets.     Leaves  very  large. 
No.  2,  and  this  species  form  impenetrable  thickets  in  many 


DIOECIA,  HEXANDRIA.  195 

places  near  Philadelphia.    All  the  species  are  indiscriminately 
called  Brambles.  Perennial.  June. 

2.  S.  prickly ;  branches  unarmed ;  leaves  coria-  caduca. 
ceous,  elliptical   or  elliptic-lanceolate,   obtuse, 
recurved-acute,  S-nerved  ;  umbels  on  very  short 
peduncles. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Catesby  Car.  1.  t.  15. 

Deciduous  Rough  Bind-weed.    Green  Briar. 

Climbing  over  bushes  and  shrubs  in  thickets — very  com- 
mon. Berries  said  to  contain  caoutchouc.     Perennial.     June. 

3.  S.  stem  terete,  scandent ;    leaves  subrotund-  peduncular;*. 
ovate,  cordate,  acuminated,  9-nerved ;    umbels 

on  very  long  peduncles. —  Willd.  and  Pursh. 
S.  pulverulenta,  Mich. 

Long-peduncled  Smilax. 

This  species  resembles  No.  4,  so  closely  as  to  be  easily  con- 
rounded  with  it.  Peduncles  longer.  The  flowers  partake  in 
a  slight  degree  of  the  stercoraceous  odour  of  those  of  No.  4. 
In  the  shady  woods  just  above  the  falls  of  Schuylkill,  net  un- 
frequent.     Perennial.     June. 

4.  S.  stem  angular,  erect,  simple;  leaves  on  long hcrbacea.   I 
petioles,  oval,  7-nerved ;  umbels  on  very  long 
peduncles:  peduncle  compressed;  berry  depress- 
ed-globular.—  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Pluk.  alm.t.  225.  f.  4. 


Stinking  Rough  Bind-weed. 

About  two  or  four  feet  high.  Flowers  exhaling  the  smell 
of  carrion,  which  attracts  the  carrion-flies.  On  the  borders  of 
fields  and  the  edges  of  woods,  above  the  falls  of  Schuylkill, 
west  side,  and  elsewhere.     Perennial.     June. 

5.  S.  prickly;  leaves  unarmed,  ovate-lanceolate,  sarsapariiia. 
cuspidate,  sub-5-nerved,  somewhat  glaucous  be- 
neath;   common  peduncle  longer  than  the  pe- 
tiole.—  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

S.  glauca,  Mich. 


196  DIOECIA,  HEXANDRIA. 

Sarsaparilla. 

A  climbing  plant,  in  all  swampy  hedges  of  the  neighbour- 
hood; common.  Possesses  medicinal  virtues.  Perennial.  June. 

378.  DIOSCOREA.  Gen.  pi.  1530.  (Jlsparagi.) 

Masc.  Calix  6-parted.  Corolla  none.  Fem. 
Flower  as  the  male.  Styles  3.  Cajjsule  3- 
celled,  triangular,  compressed ;  cells  2- 
seeded.  Seeds  niembranaceously  margin- 
ed.— Nutt. 

giauca.        i.  D.  leaves  in  four's,  alternate,  cordate,  acumi- 
nate, glabrous,  9-nerved.  B. 
D.  glauca,  Muhl. 
D.  quaternata,  Walt  ? 

Smooth-leaved  Fam-root. 

A  twining  plant,  found  in   thickets  and  hedges ;  not  very 
common.     Perennial.  June. 

uiiosa.  2.  j).  leaves  alternate,  opposite,  and  verticillated, 
cordate,  acuminated,  pubescent  beneath,  9-nerv- 
ed :  lateral  nerves  simple. — Willd.  and  Fursh. 

D.  quinata,  Walt. 

D.  paniculata,  Mich. 

Icon.  Jacq.   ic.  t.  626.  (Pursh.)  Pluk.  aim.   t. 

575.  f.  5. 

Villous-leaved  Yam-root. 

In  similar  places,  and  sometimes  in  fields;  common.     Pe- 
rennial.    June. 

379.  GLEDITSCHIA.     Gen.  pi.  1526.     (Leginninos-.e.) 

Hermaph.  Calix  6  to  8  parted,  deciduous, 
3  or  4  of  the  exterior  segments  smaller. 
Corolla  none.  Stamina  5  or  6,  rarely  8. 
Legume  flatly  compressed,  1,  or  many- 
seeded.  Masc.    Calix  subturbinate,  5  to 


DIOECIA,  OCTANDRIA.  19r 

8-parted,  3  to  5  of  the  segments  interior. 
Stamina  0  to  8,  (rarely  5. )  Fem. — JYutt. 

1.  G.  spines  stout,  cross-branched  ;  folioles  linear-  tmcamho*. 

oblong ;  legumens   very   long,   compressed. — 

JJ'illd,  and  Pursh. 
G.  meliloba,  >Yalt. 
G.  spinosa,  Marshall. 

Icon.   Duham,  arb.    1.  t.   195.  (Pursb.)  Micb. 
f.  Arbr.  forest,  vol.  3.  p.  164. 

Sweet  Locust,  Honey  Locust  Three-thorned  Locust, 

A  large  and  handsome  tree,  found  abundantly  along"  roads 
in  the  Neck  and  elsewhere,  in  the  vicinity  of  this  city,  but  al- 
ways, perhaps,  originally  planted  in  such  places.  Jj  .  July. 


ORDER  VIII.    OCTANDRIA. 

380.  POPULUS.     Gen.  pi.  1531.     (Amentace*.) 

Masc.  wlment  cylindric. — Calix  consisting 
of  lacerated  scales.  Corolla  turbinate,  ob- 
lique, and  entire.  Fem.  Flower  as  in  the 
male.  Stigma  4  or  6-lobed.  Capsule  2  or 
3-valved.  Seeds  beset  with  long  wool. — 
Nutt. 

1.  P.   leaves   subrotund-ovate,   acute,  unequally  grar.diden- 
scolloped,  with  large  teeth,  glabrous,  the  younger  tala' 
ones  villous  ;  petioles  compressed  above. —  Willd, 
and  Pursh, 

P.  Canadensis,  Mich. 

Large  Aspen.    Poplar 

Occasionally  met  with  in  the  neighbouring  woods.   I?  .  April. 
VOL.  II.  18 


198  DIOECIA,  OCTANDRIA. 

381.  DIOSPYROS.     Gen.  pi.  1598.     (Guaiacannc.) 

Masc.  Calix  4  to  6 -cleft.  Corolla  urceolate, 
4  to  6-cleft.  Stamina  8  to  16  ;  filaments 
often  producing  %  anthers.  Fem.  Flower 
as  the  male.  Stigmas  4  or  5.  Berry  8  to 
1 2-  seeded .  — Nutt. 

Yirginiana.  1.  D.  leaves  ovate-oblong,  acuminated,  glabrous, 
reticulate-veined;  pelioles  pubescent;  buds  gla- 
brous.— Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Catesb.  Car.  2.  t.  76.  Mich.  f.  Arbr. 
forest.  12. 

Persimon-tree. 

The  fruit  when  ripe  and  touched  by  the  frost  is  quite 
pleasant,  but  is  very  astringent  and  acerb,  otherwise.  On  the 
borders  of  woods  and  in  fields.  On  the  Delaware  between 
Kaighn's  point  and  the  next  ferry  below,  near  Woodbury ; 
abundant.   I2  •  May. 

382.  UDORA.     Nutt.  Gen.  Am.  pi.  vol.  2.  p.  242, 

(Chiagra.') 

Spathe  bifid. — Masc.  Calix  3-parted.  Co- 
rolla of  3  petals.  Stamina  9,  3  of  them 
interior.  Fem.  Calix  3-parted,  tube  very 
long.  Petals  3.  Sterile  filaments  3.  Utri- 
culus  about  3-seeded.  Seeds  cylindric. — 
Nutt. 

canadensis,  l.  U.  flowers  triandrous,  hermaphrodite;  stigmas 
ligulate,  reflexed,  bifid;  leaves  ternate,  linear, 
acute. — Pursh, 

Udora  Canadensis,  Nutt. 

Elodea  Canadensis,  Mich. 

Serpicula  verticillata,  Muhl. 

S.  occidentalis,  Pursh. 

Hottonia  serrata,  Willd.  Syn.  1.  p.  171. 


DIOECIA,  MONADELPHIA.  190 

— • 
An  aquatic  plant,  with  very  small  deep-green  leaves,  and 
small  white  flowers.     Abundant  in  ditches,  on  the  low  over- 
flowed  banks  of  the  Delaware,   Schuylkill,  and  Wissahickon. 
Perennial.  July. 


ORDER  XL     POLYANDRIA. 

383.  MEXISPERMUM.     Gen.  pi.  1544.     (Menisperma.) 

Masc.  Calix  subbibracteate,  about  6-leaved, 
caducous.  Petals  6  to  9,  glandular,  mi- 
nute and  retuse.  Stamina  16,  or  18  to  £4. 
Anthers  adnate  to  the  filaments,  4-lobed, 
2-celled.  Fem.  Flower  as  the  male.  Germs 
and  styles  3  to  6.  Drupes  mostly  solita- 
ry, 1 -seeded.  JSTut  lunate,  compressed. — 
Nutt. 

1.  M.  leaves  peltate,  cordate,  subrotund-angular;  canademe. 
racemes  compound. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Moonseed. 

A  climbing  plant,  with  ordinary  greenish -yellow  flowers,  and 
black  berries.  Possesses  medicinal  virtues.  On  the  bank  walk 
from  Kaighn's  point  to  the  next  ferry  below,  in  thickets.  On 
the  banks  of  the  Schuylkill  near  Breck's  island;  rare.  Peren- 
nial. July. 


ORDER  XII.     MONADELPHIA. 

384.  JUNIPERUS.     Gen.  pi.  1552.     (Comfcrce.) 

Masc.  Ament  ovate.  Calix  consisting  of 
scales.  Stamina  3.  Fem.  Calix  3-part- 
ed.  Petals  3  ?  Styles  3.  Berry  1  or  2- 
seeded,  tubercular.  Seeds  nuciform. — 
JVutt. 


200  DIOECIA,  MONADELPHIA. 

communis,  i.  J.  leaves  in  three's,  spreading,  mucronate,  long- 
er than  the  berry. — Willd. 

Juniper -tree. 

Common  juniper  grows  abundant  on  the  high  banks  of  the 
Wissahickon.   ^  .  May. 

vhginiana.  2.  J.  leaves  in  three's,  adnate  at  the  base,  the 
younger  ones  imbricated,  the  old  ones  spread- 
ing — Willd, 

Icon.  Mich.  f.  Arbr.  forest.  3.  p.  42.  t.  5. 

Red  Cedar. 

Red  cedar  also  grows  in  profusion  on  the  Wissahickon,  and 
elsewhere  in  the  neighbourhood.  \i .  May. 


CRYPTOGAMIA. 


EQUISETUM. 

LYCOPODIUM. 

OPHIOGLOSSUM. 

BOTRYCHIUM.   - 

OSMUNDA. 

POLYPODIUM. 

ASPIDIUM 


ONOCLEA. 

ASPLENIUM. 

PTERIS. 

WOODWARDIA. 

ADIANTUM. 

DICKSONIA. 

ISOETES. 


18* 


[  202  ] 


CLASS  XXL— CRYPTOGAMIA. 


(FILICES.) 


385.  EQUISETUM.  Gen.  pi.  1614. 

Floral  receptacles  peltate,  many-angled,  col- 
lected into  a  spike.  Indusium  corniculate. 
Stamina  4.  Style  none.  Seed  1. — Nutt, 


arrense. 


1.  E.  barren  stems  simply  branched:  branches 
somewhat  rough,  four-angled ;  fructification 
simple;  sheaths  cylindrical,  incised-dentate; 
teeth  acute. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  167.  (Pursh.) 

Field  Horse-tail, 

In  wet  fields   near  water  courses;    common.    Perennial. 
May. 

svivaticum.  o#  j£#  barren  and  fruit-bearing  stems  doubly- 
branched  ;  branches  roughish,  deflexed,  four- 
angled;  branchlets  sub-triquetrous. —  Willd, 
enum.  and  Willd, 

Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  166.  Fl.  Dan.  1182. 

Wood  Horse-tail. 

In  sandy  woods  bordering  the  Delaware,  several  miles  be- 
low Kaighn's  point ;  rare.     Perennial.     April. 

hyemaie.  3,  E.  stems  simple,  erect,  very  rough,  bearing 
spikes  at  the  top;  sheaths  discoloured,  base 
and  apex  sphacelate;  teeth  aristated,  entirely 
caducous. —  Willd, 

Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  172. 

Bough  Horse-tail,  Scouring  Rush.    Scour-grass, 

From  two  to  three  feet  high.     The  cuticle  of  this  species 
contains   sftfex.    Hence  it  is  used  in  polishing  pewter  and 


* 


CRYPTOGAMIA,  FILICES.  20; 

brass  ware.  On  the  sandy  shores  of  the  Delaware  near  thick- 
ets, between  Kaighn's  point  and  the  ferry  ifflow.  Not  com- 
mon.    Perennial.     July. 

386.  LYCOPODIUM.  Gen.  pi.  1615. 

Capsules  reniform,  1 -celled,  2-valved,  many- 
seeded.  Seeds  very  minute,  resembling 
po  vvder.  — JYutt. 


i .  L.  stem  erect,  branches  alternate,  dichotoinous  ;  compiana- 
leaves  2-rowed,  connate,  spreading  at  the  top, tum' 
the  superficial  ones  solitary  and  adpressed ;  pe- 
duncles quadrifid,  (bur-spiked;    spikes  terete, 
cylindrical. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  78.  Dill.  Muse.  t.  59.  f.  3. 

Flat  Club-moss. 

In  woods,  especially  in  Jersey  ;  common.  Perennial.    July. 

2.  L.  stem  erect,  branches    alternate,  crowded, dendroide 
dichotomous,  spreading;  leaves  scattered,  six-  U' 
rowed, linear-lanceolate,  spreading;   spikes  so- 
litary, terminal  and  sessile. —  Willd. 

L.  obscurum,  Sp.  PI.  1566. 

Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  164.  Dill.  Muse.  t.  64.  f.  12. 

Ground  Pine. 

Very  common  in  shady  woods,  where  it  creeps  and  covers 
a  great  space  of  ground.  This  and  No.  1,  are  made  into 
festoons  to  ornament  looking-  glasses,  pictures,  &c.  at  Christ- 
mas.     Most  frequent  in  Jersey.    Perennial.     July. 

3.  L.  stem  repent,  branched ;  branches  subdivid-  mpestre. 
ed,  adscendent;    leaves  sparse,  imbricated,  li- 
near-lanceolate', ciliate,  piliferous  ;  spikes  soli- 
tary, sessile  and  terminal. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Schk.filic.t.  165.  Dill.  Muse.  t.  63. f.  11. 

Running  Club-moss. 

A  small  species,  quite  local  in  this  neighbourhood,  but 
abundant  where  found.  On  the  flat  rocks  near  the  Delaware, 
between  Gray's  ferry  and  Kingsess-gardens.    Perennial.  July. 


204  CRYPTOG A  MIA,  FILICES. 

luc.dutam.    4.  L#  leaves  ^-rowed,  linear-lanceolate,  denticu- 
lated, acute,  open-reflexed ;    stem  adscendent, 
bifid.— mild. 
L.  reflexum,  Schk. 

Icon.  Dill.  Muse.  t.  56.  f.  2. 

Shining  Club-moss. 

In  low  damp  or  wet  places,  near  spring's  in  wet  woods; 
not  uncommon.  On  the  Wissahickon;  abundant.  Perennial. 
July. 

apodum.  5.  L.  leaves  two-rowed,  subrotund,  ovate,  acute, 
flat,  denticulate;  stem  branched,  radicating  at 
the  base;  spikes  terminal,  sessile  and  solitary. 

—wm. 

Icon.  Dill.  Muse.  t.  64.  f.  3. 

A  small  and  pretty  species,  growing  in  damp  shady  woods. 
Perennial.  July. 

6.  L.  stem  repent,  somewhat  branched  ;  branches 
%      simple,    elongated,   adscendent,  one-spiked    at 
top  ;  leaves  linear-subulate ;  base  ciliate,  den- 
tate, spreading;  spike  sessile,  leafy. —  Willd 
Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  160.  Dill.  Muse.  t.  62.  f.  6. 


alopecu- 
roides. 


Walking  Fern. 
In  boggy  grounds,  common.     Perennial. 


July. 


vulgatum. 


387.  OPHIOGLOSSUM.  Gen.  pi.  1621. 

Capsules  naked,  1 -celled,  connate  in  an  arti- 
culated distichal  spike,  S-valved,  opening 
transversely. — JSTutt. 

1.  O.  spike  cauline;  frond  ovate,  obtuse;  nar- 
rowly reticulated. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  153.  Fl.  Dan.  147. 

Common  Adder* s-tongue. 

A  singular  and  very  rare  species.  I  have  only  found  it  in  the 
small  woods  immediately  north  of  Powelton,  and  borderingthe 
east  edge  of  Mantua-road.  Scarce  there.    Perennial.  June. 

388.  BOTRYCHIUM.  Swartz,  Synop.  Filic.  8. 

Capsules  subglobose  adnate  to  the  rachis  of 


LRYPTOGAMIA,  FILICES.  205 

the  compound  raceme,  separatepnaked,  1- 
celled,  valves  2,  connected  benind,  open- 
ing transversely. — J\Tutt. 

1.  B.  scape  below  with  one  frond;    frond  sub-bi- obiiquum.  ^ 
ternate ;    foliol^s  oblong-lanceolate,   serrulate, 
dilated  at  the  base,  unequally  cordate  :    spikes 
bipinnate. —  Willd. 

Near  a  swamp  on  Cooper's  creek,  not  far  from  the  Bridge. 
Perennial.     July. 

2.  B.  scape  below  with  one  frond ;  frond  three-  dissecmm. 
parted-bipinnatifid ;    segments  linear,  2-cleft; 
2-toothed  at  the  apex. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Schk.  fdic.  t.  158.  Pluk.  amalth.  t.  427. 
f.  5. 

On  the  edges  of  woods,  on  the  Schuylkill  and  Wissahickon  ; 
and  on  the  Botannic-garden  ground  of  the  University  of  Penn-  J 
sylvania.     Perennial.     June. 

3.  B.  hirsute;  scape  in  the  middle  of  the  frond ;  virginicum. 
frond  subternate,  3  parted,  bi-pinnatifid  ;  folio- 

les  incised-pinnatifid;  segments  obtuse,  sub-tri- 

dentate;  spikes  bi-pinnate,  divaricate. —  Willd. 

and  Pursh. 
Botrypus  Virginicus,  Mich. 
Osmunda  Yirginica,  Sp.  PI.  15T9. 
O.  multifida,  Gmel. 

Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  156. 

Rattlesnake  Fern. 

A  large  and  very  elegant  species,  very  common  in  all  our 
fertile  woods,  delighting  in  shade  and  moisture.  I  have  twice 
received  this  plant  from  Kentucky,  with  an  assurance  that  it 
was  an  Indian  remedy  for  the  bite  of  the  rattlesnake ;  hence 
the  name  above,  and  not  as  Pursh  supposes,  because  the  plant 
grows  near  the  haunts  of  that  reptile.  The  roots  and  stems 
taste  like  Ginseng,  and  the  hot  infusion  of  the  whole  plant  is 
an  agreeable-flavoured  tea.  Perennial.  June. 


206  CRYPTOGAMIA,  FILICES. 

38^  OSMUNDA.     Gen.  pi.  1622. 

Capsules  suoglobose,  pedicellate,  striate,  se- 
mi-bivalvular  and  paniculated.  Indusium 
none. — JSTutt. 

rinnamomea.  l.  O.  sterile  frond  pinnate .;  pinnee  pinnatifid  ;  seg- 
ments ovate-oblong,  obtuse,  very  entire;  stipe 
woolly,  the  fructifications  bipinnate,  woolly. — 
Willd. 
Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  146. 

Cinnamon  Fern.     Tall  Osmunda. 

A  large  fern,  with  long  ferruginous  fructificatory  spikes. 
In  all  low  meadows,  bogs,  and  in  the  borders  of  streams  and 
ditches.  Common.  Perennial.  June. 

interrupts    2.  O.  fronds  pinnate,  glabrous;  pinnse  opposite, 
pinnatifid ;  segments  oblong,  acute,  very  entire; 
\,     pinnae  somewhat  intervening  between  the  fruc- 
tification.— Willd. 
O.  basilaris,  Sprengel.  Anlitung.  3.  p.  160. 
Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  144. 

Interrupted  Osmunda. 

Same  size  as  the  preceding,  and  found  in  similar  places,  and 
in  woods.  Easily  known  by  the  interrupted  spikes  of  fructifi- 
cation. Common.  Perennial.  June,  July. 

spectabiiis,  3.  O.  frond  bi-pinnate ;  pinnulse  oblong,  somewhat 
obtuse,  narrowly  serrulate,  truncate,  and  une- 
qual at  the  base,  all  alternate ;  panicle  bipin- 
nate, bearing  fruit  at  the  top  of  the  frond. — 
Willd.  and  Mich. 
0.  regalis,  /3,  Sp.  PI.  1521. 
Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  184.  f.  4. 

Rotjal  Osmunda.    Flowering  Fern. 

Grows  always  in  bogs,  swamps  and  meadows.  A  very  ele- 
gant fern,  with  brownish  fruit  proceeding  from  the  top  of  the 
frond.  Common.   Perennial.  Julv. 


CRYPT0GAM1A,  FlLft^f.*  207 

390.  POLYPODIUM.  Swartz,  Synopl 

Sori  (or  small  clusters  of  capsu(^oimdisli, 
scattered.    Indusium  noue. — JWtt. 

1.  P.  frond  deeply  pinnatifid;  segments  linear-Ian-  vuigare. 
ceolate,  obtuse,  crenulate,  near  together,  upper 
ones  gradually  smaller;  sorse  solitary;  caudex 
j>aleaceuus. —  WilUL 

Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  11. 

Common  Polypody. 

On  rocks  in  the  neighbourhood,  and  in  woods;  common. 
Perennial.  July. 

2.  P.  fronds  deeply  pinnatifid  ;  segments  lanceo-  rugfeiec 
late,  obtuse,  very  entire,  near  together,  upper 
ones  gradually  smaller;  sorse  solitary  \ ;  caudex 
naked. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Petiv.  filic.  t.  7.  f.  9.  Plum.  Amer.  t. 
36.  filic.  t.  77.  (Pursh.) 

Virginia  Polypody. 

Resembles  the  preceding  very  much,  and  grows  with  it.  It 
is  perhaps  no  more  than  a  variety.  Perennial.  July. 


4 


P.  fronds  bipinnate,  somewhat  smooth  ;  pinna?  iiexagonopu- 
t\v<>,  deflexed  below;  segments  lanceolate,  ob-rum" 
tuse,  ciliated — of  the  lower  pinnae  incised-cre- 
nate,  of  the  upper  very  entire,  lower  ones  ad- 
nate-decurrent ;  sorse  minute,  solitary. —  Willd, 
Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  284.  f.  2.  Schk.  filic.  t. 
20.  b. 


In  damp  shady  woods,  among  other  ferns  ;  rare.  Perennial. 
July. 


20S  %  OMPTOGAMIA,  FILICES. 


ID1UM.     Swartz,  Synop.  filic.  3. 
Nephrodium,  Mich. 

Sori  roundish,  scattered.     Indusium  umbili- 
cate  or  opening  on  one  side. — JWtt. 

acrostichoi-  i.  A.  fronds  pinnate  ;  pinnse  lanceolate,  falcafip, 
acute,  ciliate-serrated  ;  upper  base  mucronate- 
auriculated,  lower  fructificant  and  smaller; 
stipe  and  rachis  paleaceous ;  sorse  solitary,  at 
length,  confluent. — Willd. 
A.  auriculatum,  Schk. 
Nephrodium  acrostichoides,  Mich. 

Terminal  Shield  Fern. 

On  the  rocks  in  the  vicinity  of  our  waters,  common ;  also  in 
woods.  Perennial.  June. 

mat*'n*ie.  £#  a.  fronds  bi-pitniate ;  pinnulse  oblong,  obtuse, 
decurrent,  crenate,  the  folds  deepest  at  the  hase : 
sora3  marginal ;  stipe  paleaceous. —  Willd. 

Polypodium  marginale,  Sp.  PI.  1522. 

Nephrodium  marginale,  Mich. 
Icon.  Schk.  fdic.  t.  45.  b. 

Marginal  Shield-fern. 

In  shady  woods,  particularly  on  rocks.     Perennial.    July. 

intermedium.  3.  a.  fronds  bi-pjnnate ;  pinnulse  linear,  pinnati- 
fid-incised;  segments  sub-mucronate,  serrated 
at  the  apex;  stipe  paleaceous. —  Willd. 

Large  Shield-fern. 

A  large  and  well-marked  ^species.  In  the  woods  of  Jersey, 
among  other  ferns — more  rare  west  of  the  Delaware.  Peren- 
nial.    July. 

novebora-  4.  A.  fronds  pinnate;  pinnse  linear-lanceolate, 
pinnatifid  ;  segments  oblong,  somewhat  obtuse, 
nearly  entire,  ciliated ;  sorse  marginal ;  stipe 
even. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 


CRYPTOGAMIA,  FILICES.  209 

A.  thelypteroides,  Swartz. 
Nepbrodium  thelypteroides,  Mich. 
Polypodium  noveboracense,  Sp.  PL  1552. 
Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  46. 

New  Fork  Shield-fern. 

On  the  Wissahickon  and  Schuylkill.  Not  common.    Peren- 
nial.    July. 

5.  A.   fronds  bi-pinnatc  ;    pinmilre  linear-lanceo-  nspienoides. 

late,  incised,  and  serrated  ;  serratures  2  or  3- 

toothed,  terminal,    more  acute;    sori  oblong, 

lunate. — Jf'illd. 
Nepbrodium  asplenoides,  Mich. 
Polypodium  Pennsylvania,  Muhl.  in  Litt. 
Asplenium  Athyrium,  Sprengel,  Anleitung,  3.  p. 

113. 
Icon.  Schuk.  filic.  t.  78. 

Dark  or  Spleen-wort  Shield-fern. 

In  similar  places  with  the  preceding1  species.    Not  uncom- 
mon.    Perennial.    July. 

5.  A.   fronds  bi-pinnate,  oblong-lanceolate;  pin- buibiferum. 
nulse  opposite,  oblong,  obtuse,  serrated,  lower 
ones  pinnatifid  ;  rachis  bulbiferous;    sori  sub- 
rotund. —  WMd. 

Fob  podium  buibiferum,  Sp.  PL  1553. 

.Nephrodium  buibiferum,  Mich. 
Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  57. 

Bulb-bearing  Spleen-wort. 

Varies  in  size  very  much.     In  shady  woods,  particularly  on 
rocks.  Rare.    Perennial.    July. 

392.  ONOCLEA.  Willd.  in  Mag.  Ges.  naturf.  fr.  z.  berol.  1809. 

p.  160. 

Capsules  densely  covering  the  back  of  the 

19 


210 


sensibilis, 


CRYPTOGAMIA,  FILICES. 

frond.  Indusia  squamiform,  connate  in  the 
form  of  berries  and  not  expanded. — Nutt. 

1 .  O.  barren  frond  pinnate ;  pinnse  lanceolate,  acute, 
incised,  dentate,  upper  ones  co-adunate,  the 
fruit-bearing  ones  bi-pinnate;  pinnulse  recurved, 
globular,  glabrous  ;  rachis  glabrous. —  Willd. 

Icon.  Scbk.  filic.  t  102.  Pluk.  Mant.  t.  404. 
f.  2. 


rhizophyl* 
I  tun. 


Sensitive  Fern. 

In  meadows,  the  borders  of  fields,  open  woods,  and  thick- 
ets ;  very  common.    Slightly  sensitive.    Perennial.     July. 

393.  ASPLENIUM.  Swartz.  Synop.  filic.  p.  4. 

Sori  linear,  transversal,  scattered.  Indusia 
arising  from  the  lateral  veins,  and  open- 
ing towards  the  rib. — JVutt. 

1.  A.    fronds   lanceolate,    stipitate,  sub-crenate; 
base  auriculate-cordate,  top  very  long,  linear- 
filiform,  radicant. —  Willd. 
Icon.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  105.  f.  3. 

Leaf-rooting  Spleen-wort. 

A  singular  species,  rooting  at  the  elongated  ends  of  the  leaf. 
On  the  rocks  of  the  Wissahickon  and  Schuylkill.  Perennial. 
July. 


gpinnatifi.    fronds  lanceolate,  stipitate,  pinnatifid,  point  at- 
'dum.  tenuated,  roundish,  ovate.  B. 

A  very  distinct  variety,  but  not,  I  think,  a  species,  for  I  have 
found  pinnatifid  and  lanceolate  leaves  together  on  No.  1.  yg.  I 
have  only  found  on  the  rocks  close  to  the  Schuylkill,  east 
Side,  a  mile  south  of  the  falls.  July. 


ebenum. 


2.  A.  fronds  pinnate,  pinnse  sessile,  lanceolate, 
serrulate,  cordate  at  the  base,  auriculated  above. 
—Willd. 


CRYPTOGAMIA,  FILICES.  211 

A.  polypodoides,  Svvartz. 
A.  tricliomanoidcs,  Mich. 
Acrostichum  platy  neuron,  Sp.  PI.  1527,  excluding 

the  synonym. 

Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  73.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  287.  f. 

2.  et  t.  89.  t  8. 

Ebony  Sjjleen-wort. 

A  beautiful  species,  from  six  to  twelve  inches  high,  stem 
deep  shining  black.  On  the  rocks  bordering  the  Schuylkill, 
in  rich  shady  woods,  and  on  the  grassy  borders  of  copses ; 
common.     Perennial.    July. 

3.  A.  fronds  pinnate ;  pinnae  subrotund,  obtuse,  meianocau 
crenate,  cuneate  attne  base  $  otipo  aioooio«noj. lon* 

—WiMd.  enum. 
A.  trichomanes,  Mich. 

A  small  and  beautiful  species,  with  a  very  polished  black 
stem.     With  No.  2,  common.     Perennial.     July. 

4.  A.  fronds  bi-pinnate  at  the  base,  simply  pin-  Ruta . 
nate  at  the  top ;  pinnulse  rhomboid-oblong,  ob- 
tuse; apex  obtuse,  denticulate. —  TVilld. 

Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  80.  b.  FL  Dan.  190. 

A  very  small  species,  from  one  to  three  inches  high.  Ex- 
ceedingly rare,  and  scarce  when  found.  In  the  crevices  of 
the  highest  rocks  on  the  Wissahickon.     Perennial.  July. 

394  PTERIS.  Gen.  pi.  1626. 

Sori  continuous,  linear,  marginal.  Indusium 
from  the  inflected  margin  of  the  frond, 
opening  inwards. — JWtt. 

1.  P.  frond  pinnate,  three-parted,  barren  ,•  branch-  aquiiina. 
cs  bi-pinnate;  pinnae  linear-lanceolate,  obtuse, 
pinnatitid-dentate;  fructiticatory  ones  pinnate,* 


212  CRYPTOGAMIA,  FILICES. 

pinnulse  pinnatifid;  segments  somewhat  acute, 
all  ciliated. —  WiUd.  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  95,  96.  b. 

Common  Brake. 

A  large  and  handsome  fern.  Baron  Humboldt  says  the  in- 
habitants of  Parma  and  Gomera  make  a  kind  of  bread  of  the 
roots,  which  are  large.  On  the  edges  of  fields,  in  woods,  and  on 
dry  soils,  very  common  and  abundant,  especially  in  Jersey. 
Perennial.  August. 

395.  WOODWARDIA.  Smith,  act.  taur.  5.  p.  411.  t.  9.  f.  5. 

Sori  oblong,  distinct,  straight,  parallel  with 
the  libs  of  the  frond  on  either  side.  Indu- 
sia  superficial,  arched,  opening  inwards* 
— JVUfc 

onoc'.eoidts.  l.  W.  barren  fronds  pinnatifid ;  segments  lanceo- 
late, repand,  very  slenderly  serrulate,  fruit- 
bearing  ones  pinnate  ;  pinnae  linear,  very  entire, 
acute.— WiUd. 

W.  angustifolia,  Smith,  act.  taur. 

W.  floridana,  Schk. 

Onoclea  nodulosa,  Mich,  and  Swartz. 

Acrostichum  areolatum,  Sp.  PI.  1526. 

Osmunda  Caroliniana,  Walt. 
Icon.  Schk.  filic.  p.  103.  t.  111. 

Grows  in  swamps,  Jersey;  not  uncommon.  Perennial. 

396.  ADIANTUM.     Gen.  pi.  1633. 

Sori  oblong  or  roundish.  Indusia  membra- 
naceous, arising  from  the  margin  of  the 
frond  and  opening  inwards. — Nutt. 

pedftnm.  l.  A.  frond  pedate,  branches  pinnate ;  pinnae  di- 
mediate,  oblong,  lineate,  upper  margin  incised; 
sterile  segments  dentated ;  fertile  ones  very  en- 
tire; sori  linear ;  stipe  glabrous TFilld. 

Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  115.  Pluk.  aim.  t.  124.  f.  2. 


CRYPTOGAMIA,  FILICES.  213 

Maiden-hair.  Mow-liair. 

With  the  exception^of  Botrychium  Virginicum,  this  is  the 
most  elegant  fern  in  our  neighbourhood.  From  one  to  two 
feet  high.  Stem  dark,  smooth,  and  shining.  In  rich  shady 
woods;  very  common.  Possesses  medicinal  virtues?  Peren- 
nial. July. 

397.  DICKSONIA.  L'Herit.  sert.  angl.  30. 

Sori  punctiform,  marginal,  subrotund,  dis- 
tinct. Indusium  double,  alternate,  superfi- 
cial, exterior  gaping,  the  other  marginal 
gaping  within. — -JSTutt. 

1.  D.  fronds  bi-pinnate;  pinnulae  oblong-lanceo-  piiosimcuia. 
late,  pinnatifid,  upper  margin  of  the  segments 
incised-dentate;  rachis  somewhat  hairy. — Willd. 

D.  pubescens,  Schk. 

Polypodium  pilosiusculum,  Muhl.  in  litt. 

Hairy  IHcksonia.    Small-fruited  Dicksonia. 

From  twelve  to  fifteen  inches  high.  In  shady  woods,  and 
particularly  on  rocks;  common.  Perennial.  July. 

398.  ISOETES.  Gen.  pi.  1620. 

Capsule  membranaceous,  not  gaping ;  frond 
immersed  at  the  base,  1-locular.  Seed  an- 
gular, inserted  into  the  numerous  filiform 
receptacles. — JSTutt. 

1. 1,  frond  subulate,  semi-terete. — Willd.  lacmtris. 

Icon.  Schk.  filic.  t.  173.  Fl.  Dan.  191.  Dill, 
mus.  t.  80.  f.  1. 

From  one  to  two  inches  high.  In  a  boggy  wood  south  of 
Laundreth's  Gardens,  and  on  the  overflowed  shores  of  the 
Delaware,  above  Kensington ;  very  abundant.  Perennial.  July. 


19* 


["  214  J 

ADDENDA. 

TRIANDRIA,  DIGYNIA. 

To  genus  Aristida,  No.  50.  p.  53.  vol.  1,  add  the 
following  species : 

No.  2.  Aristida  stricta;  stems  and  leaves  very 
upright;  raceme  long;  spike  contracted;  awns 
longer  than  the  glume;  leaves  convolute,  fili- 
form, smooth. — Mich. 

Perennial.  June.  Within  the  limits  of  this  work;  Mr.  Collins. 

No.  3.  Aristida  oligantha;  culm  upright,  very 
much  branched  ;  leaves  convolute-filiform  ;  flow- 
ers distant,  solitary ;  awn  long-divaricating. — 
Mich. 

A.  adscendscionis,  Walt. 

Perennial.  June.  Also  within  the  limits  of  this  work.  B. 

TETRANDRIA,  MONOGYNIA. 

To  the  genus  Plantago,No.  80.  vol.  1.  p.  88,  add 
the  following  species : 

4.  Plantago  hybrida;  leaves  subulate-linear,  entire, 
rigidly  acute,  shorter  than  the  scape,  not  wool- 
ly at  the  base;  scape  terete,  slender,  slightly 
pubescent;  spike  long  and  slender,  cylindrical, 
rather  loose;  spikelets  below,  remote;  bractes 
acute.  B. 

Plantago  maritima,  Bart.  Prod.  Fl.  Ph. 

Root  annual.  Plant  from  two  to  three  inches  high,  leaves 
very  numerous,  about  one  inch  long  in  mature  specimens,  often 
not  exceeding1  half  an  inch,  destitute  of  any  thing  like  wooli- 
Jiess  at  the  base.  Scape  slender,  longer  than  the  leaves,  round 
and  slightly  pubescent  under  a  lens.  Spike  cylindrical,  not  ex- 
ceeding one-eighth  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  from  half  an  inch  to 
two  inches  long,  and  of  a  green  and  sienna  colour,  not  deep 
brown  or  blackish,  as  in  the  European  and  American  speci- 
mens of  P.  maritima.  Scapes  nearly  as  numerous  as  the  leaves. 
This  species,  which  is  decidedly  distinct  from  the  P.  maritima, 
I  found  four  years  ago,  in  the  exsiccated  canal  on  the  road  to 
Lemon-hill,  close  to  the  high  gravel  banks.  I  there  found  it 
two  years  in  succession,  and  on  transplanting  it  into  my  gar- 


ADDENDA.  215 

den  it  produced  seeds  which  came  up  the  succeeding-  spring. 
The  mature  specimens  preserved  the  characters  of  the  plant 
as  given  above.  I  have  before  me  a  specimen  of  Plantago  ma- 
ritima,  collected  in  Scotland  by  Dr.  Edward  Barton,  and  a 
specimen  of  the  same  species  collected  in  New  England, 
which  I  received  from  Mr.  R.  Griffiths,  jr.  These  two  plants 
differ  from  each  other  some  little,  but  as  the  P.  maritina  is  said 
to  be  a  polymorphous  species,  the  discrepancy  is  not  of  much 
account.  But  from  both  the  plant  I  have  called  hybrida  above, 
is  strikingly  and  specifically  distinct.  Mr.  Collins  informs  me 
he  has  found  specimens  of  the  hybrida,  in  the  same  locality  I 
have  identified  above.  Flowers  in  April,  May. 


PENTANDRIA. 

To  Menyanlhcs  trifoliata,  104.  vol.  1,  add  the  fol- 
lowing locality  : 

In  a  bog  half  a  mile  south-east  of  Kaighn's  point,  Jersey ; 
abundant.     Perennial. 

To  viola  concolor,  p.  125.  vol.  1,  add  the  following 

synonyms  : 
Viola  stricta. 
Ionia  stricta,  Persoon. 

To  Triosteum  perfoliatnm,  p.  115.  vol.  1,  add  the 
following  additional  locality  : 

"  On  the  bank  walk  from  Kaighn's  point  to  the  ferry  below,, 
and  in  a  field  near  it;  tolerably  abundant."  I  have  there 
found  it  this  month;  June,  1818. 

To  Vitis,  p.  116.  vol.  1,  add  No.  5.  Vitis  Blandi. 

Elands'  Grape. 
In  Jersey,  near  the  city;  Mr.  Collins. 


OCTANDRIA,  DIGYNIA. 

To  genus  Acer,  No.  189.  p.  184.  vol.   1,  add  the 
following  species : 

No.    4.    Acer   saccharinuni ;    leaves   paImate-5 
lobed,  subcordate  at  the  base,  acuminate,  sinu- 


216  ADDENDA. 

ate-dentate,  glaucous  beneath;   peduncles   co- 
rymbose, nutant. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Mich.  f.  Arb.  forest,  vol.  1. 

Sugar  Maple. 

\l .  April,  May.  In  the  woods  above  the  falls  of  Schuylkill, 
west  side. 


Page  186.  vol.  1,  before  the  synonyms  of  Polygo- 
num linifolium,  add: 

Polygonum  linifolium,  Muhl. 


ICOSANDRIA,  PENTAGYNIA. 

Rubus  page  233.    vol.   1.  No.  6.  Rubus   flagel- 
lars, add  the  following  additional  locality  : 

In  Jersey  between  Kaighn's  point  and  the  ferry  below; 
abundant.    June,  1818. 


POLYANDRIA. 

To  Caltha  palustris,  p.  22.  vol.  2,  add  the  follow- 
ing additional  locality : 

On  Cooper's  creek  and  elsewhere  common ;  Mr.  Collins. 


DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA. 

To  genus  Mentha,  No.  265.  vol.  2.  p.  30,  add 
the  following  species : 

No.  2.  Mentha  gracilis ;  erect,  somewhat  smooth ; 
leaves  lanceolate,  ovate,  subsessile;  spike  slen- 
der; whorls  very  small,  interrupted;  stamens 
not  exserted. — Mich,  and  Pursh. 

M.  gracilis. 

M.  tenuis,  Pursh. 

M.  viridis,  Walt. 

In  wet  places,  and  near  springs  and  rivulets  ;  Mr.  Collins. 


ADDENDA.  217 

To  genus  Scutellaria,  No.  278.  page  38.   vol. 
2,  arid  the  following  species  : 

No.  6.  Scutellaria  parviflora. 


N.  B.  Before  the  genus  Phryma9\o\.  2.  p.  40. 

insert 

ORDER  II.  ANGIOSPERMIA. 


DIDYNAMIA,  ANGIOSPERMIA. 

399.  BUCHNERA.  Gen.  pi.  1035. 

Calix  5-toothed.  Tube  of  the  corolla  slender, 
border  5-cleft,  nearly  equal;  lobes  cordate. 
Capsule  2-celled. — Nutt. 

1.  B.  stem  simple;  leaves  lanceolate,  subdentate,  Americana. 
rough,  three-nerved;  spikes  remote-flowered.—- 
Willd.  and  Pursh. 

This  plant  dries  quite  black.  I  have  found  it  very  common 
and  abundant  in  Maryland,  along  the  edges  of  dry  sandy 
woods ;  but  have  never  met  with  it  in  this  neighbourhood.  In 
sandy  grounds,  Jersey;  Mr.  Collins. 


400.  SCHWALBEA.  Gen.pl.  1001. 

Calix  ventricose,  tubular,  obliquely  4<-cleft; 
upper  segment  shortest,  the  lower  large 
and  emarginate  or  bidentate.  Corolla  bila- 
biate, upper  lip  entire,  arched,  the  lower 
3-lobed.  Capsule  ovate-subterete,  2-ceiied, 
2-valved;  dissepiment  produced  by  the  in- 
ilected  margin  of  the  valves,  and  parallel 


218  ADDENDA. 

with  the  longitudinal  receptacle.  Seeds 
numerous,  imbricated,  linear  and  alated. 
—Nutt. 

Americana.    i.  S.  simple, pubescent;  leaves  lanceolate;  raceme 
terminal;  flowers  alternate. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 
Icon.  Lam.  Illustr.  520.  Pluk.  Mant.  t.  348. 
f.  2. 

In  Jersey,  within  ten  miles  of  this  city;  Mr.  Collins. 


To  the  genus  Orobanche,  No.  293.  vol.  2.  p.  49, 
add  the  following  species,  which  is  not  an  un- 
common plant  in  our  neighbourhood,  but  has 
been  inadvertently  left  out  in  my  manuscript. 

No.  2.  Orobanche  uniflora:  scape  naked,  one- 
flowered;  calix  without  bractes;  corolla  recurv- 
ed.—  Willd.  and  Pursh. 

Icon.  Pluk.  Mant.  t.  348.  f.  3. 

Outflow  ertd  Orobanche. 

A  very  singular  and  handsome  parasitic  plant,  growing  in 
bunches  of  several  stems  together.  Whole  plant  of  a  snow 
white  hue,  and  resembles  an  artificial  wax  flower.  In  fertile 
woods.  Perennial.  June,  July. 


TETRADYNAMIA,  SILIQULOSA. 

The  following  common  plaint  has  been  inadver- 
tently omitted  in  it^f  proper  place : 

401.  Cardaniine  Pennsylvania;  glabrous,  bran- 
ched ;  leaves  pinnate ;  folioles  nearly  roundish, 
oblong,  obtuse,  angular-dentate;  siliques  nar- 
row, erect. — Willd.  and  Pursh. 


ADDENDA.  219 

Pennsylvania  Water  Cress. 

From  six  inches  to  a  foot  high.  Flowers  white,  small. 
Whole  plant  peperish.  In  low  meadow-grounds,  and  near 
rivulets  and  springs;  common.  Perennial.  May. 


DIADELPHIA,  DECANDRIA. 

To  genus  Lathyrus,  No.  314.  vol.  2.  page  72$ 
add  the  following  species : 

No.  2.  Lathyrus  venosus;  stem  naked,  four-an- 
gled; stipules  semi-sagittate,  ovate,  acuminate; 
folioles  very  numerous,  nearly  alternate,  ovate, 
obtuse,  mucronate,  veined;  peduncles  shorter 
than  the  leaf,  5-10  flowered. —  Willd.  sindPursh. 

Flowers  purple.  Perennial.  July.  Within  the  limits  of  this 
work;  Mr.  Collins. 


To  Andromeda  paniculate  add  the  following 
synonym : 

Andromeda  ligustrina,  Muhl.  Cat.  2d  ed. 
Yaccinium  ligustrinum,  L. 


SYNGENESIA,  ^QUALIS. 

To  genus  Cnicus,  No.  306.  p.  94.  vol.  2,  add  the 
following  species : 

5.  Cnicus  arvensis ;  leaves  sessile,  pinnatifid,  some- 
what smooth,  ciliate,  very  spinous ;  stem  panicu- 
late; calices  ovate,  mucronate;  scales  broad- 
lanceolate,  ad  pressed,  woolly  on  the  margin. — 
Pursh. 

Carduus  arvensis,  Smith. 


220  ADDENDA. 

Serratula  arvensis,  Willd. 

Icon.  Fl.  Dan.  644.  Engl.  Bot.  975. 

Canada  Thistle, 

Flowers  purple,  smaller  than  those  of  Nos.  1,  2,  3  or  4.  Since 
printing1  the  foregoing  pages  I  have  been  directed  for  this 
plant  by  Mr.  Collins  to  the  neighbourhood  of  the  forge  at  the 
corner  of  Vine-street  and  the  Ridge-road,  where  I  found  it 
abundant.  Mr.  C.  has  found  it  elsewhere.  Perennial.  July. 


GYNANDRIA. 

To  Cypripedium  humile,  page  145.  vol.  2,  add  to 
the  English  name,  «  Noah's  Ark? 


The  following  plants,  I  am  informed  by  Mr.  Col- 
lins, have  been  found  in  this  neighbourhood: 
viz. 

Aster  rigidius. 

Agrostis  sobolifera,  (flat  rock-bridge,  Schuylkill.) 

Chara  glabra. 

Chara  foliosa. 

Erigeron  strigosum. 
*^No.  402.  Elephantophus  Carolinianus. 
v  Rudbeckia  fulgida. 

No.  403.  Scleria  paucifolia. 

Scleria  triglomerata. 
V  No.  404.  Uniola  gracilis,  (Jersey.) 

No.  405.  Viscum  purpureum,  Muhl. 


X.  B.  Cvperus  minimus,  for  which  I  quoted  Dr.  Clever,  on 
the  authority  of  Mr.  Nuttall,  has  not,  the  Doctor  informs  me, 
been  found  by  him  within  the  limits  of  this  book. 


Rhododendron  maximum,  or  Great  Mountain  Laurel,  I  have 
found  in  the  woods  near  Gray's  ferry,  where  it  appears  to  be 
wild.  July,  1818. 


INDEX  TO  THE  GENERA. 


A. 

B. 

Aclxa 

9 

Brasenia 

. 

. 

26 

Aquilegia    - 

12 

Brachystemum 

- 

JO,  oo> 

.  let  <ea 

13 

Bignonia 

- 

- 

43 

Ascyrum 

13 

Barb  are  a 

- 

54 

Anona 

18 

Bicucullata 

. 

. 

68 

Anemone    - 

19 

Buphthalmwn 

- 

127 

Anemone 

23 

Bidens 

. 

- 

130 

Antirrhinum 

43 

Betula 

. 

160, 

159 

Arabis 

56 

Boehmeria 

. 

_ 

160 

.  Irachis 

75 

Betula 

. 

174 

JKschynomene 

80 

Botrychium 

- 

- 

204 

Apios 

82 

Botrypus 

- 

204 

Arctium 

94 

Bucknera  (addenda) 

Anonymos     - 

96 

C. 

Jlsreratum 

100 

Cistus          r 

. 

7 

Aster 

107 

Chelidonium 

. 

. 

8 

Aster 

109 

Castalia 

. 

12 

Anthemis    - 

126 

Cimicifuga 

. 

. 

12 

Achillea 

127 

Clematis 

. 

19 

Actinomeris 

132 

Caltha 

_ 

_ 

22 

Ambrosia 

1  o.-> 

loo 

Cyamus 

. 

26 

Arethusa     - 

141 

Clinopodium 

- 

- 

34 

Arethusa 

144 

Cli  nop  odium 

. 

36 

Aristolochia 

145 

Chelone 

. 

. 

47 

Asarum 

146 

Chelone 

. 

48 

Alnus 

159 

Cardamine 

. 

. 

57 

Amaranthus 

162 

Cardamine  (addenda" 

Alisma 

166 

Corydalis 

. 

. 

68 

Arum 

180 

Crotalaria    - 

. 

71 

Abies 

182 

Clitoria 

. 

. 

83 

Acalypha 

184 

Cichorium  - 

. 

88 

Acnida 

193 

Cnicus 

. 

. 

94 

Aspidium 

208 

Carduus 

. 

95,  94 

Asplenium 

210 

Cirsium 

. 

. 

95 

Adiantum 

212 

Chrysochoma 

_ 

96 

Aristida  (addenda) 

Critonia 

- 

. 

97 

Agrostis  (do.) 

Cacalia 

- 

102 

Acer  (do.) 

Conyza 

. 

109, 

108 

Arundo  (do.) 

Chrysocoma 

. 

122 

Andromeda  (do.) 

Chry  santh  emum 

- 

126 

Anthopogon    (do.) 

Coreopsis 

- 

133 

,131 

N.  B.  The  wonls  of  the  Index  in  Italics  are  synonymous  genera,  and  areonfy 
to  be  found  under  other  generic  terms. 


Adj..  I1-, 


20 


£22 


INDEX  TO  THE  GENERA. 


Coreopsis         -  -       132 

Calopogon  -             141 

Cymbidium         -  144,143,141 

Corallorhiza  -            143 

Cypripedium    -  -       144 

Chara          -  -            148 

Carex                -  -       150 

Comptonia  -            158 

Corylus             -  -       173 

Castanea     -  -             174 

Carpinus           -  176 

Carya          -  -             178 

Calla                 -  -       181 
Cypripedium  (addenda) 
Caltha  (do.)      - 
Cardamine  (do.) 
Cnicus  (do.)     - 

D. 

Draba                -  -         52 

Dentaria  -               53 

Diclytra             -  -         68 

Bolychos      -  -         83,81 

Dalea                 -  -         97 

Dioscorea    -  -             196 

Diospyros          -  198 

Dicksonia    -  -             213 

E. 

Elodea        -  -               17 

Euchroma         -  48 

Epifagus      -  -               50 

Erysimum           -  54 

Erysimum  -  -               55 

Ervwn               -  -         83 

Eupalorium  -         102, 97 

Eupatorium      -  98 
Erigeron        106  and  addenda 

Epidendrwn       -  -       142 

Euphorbia  -               184 

Elodea               -  -       198 

Equisetum  -              202 
Elephantopus  (addenda) 

F. 


Fnmaria 
Filago 
Fagus 
Fraxinus 

Glechoma 
Gerardia 
Geranium 
Glycine 


69,  68 
105 
173 
191 


44 

63 

82,  81 


Glycine 

Galactia 

Galega 

Gnaphalium 

Goodyera 

Gleditschia 


H. 


Helianthemum 

Hypericum 

Hypericum 

Hydrastis 

Hepatica 

Hydropeltis 

Hyssopus 

Hibiscus 

Hedysarvm 

Hedysarum 

Hieracium 

Hyoseris 

Heliopois 

HeUiintkus 

Helenium 

Helianthus 

Habenaria 

Humulus 

Hottonia 

1 
Inula 
Isoetes 
Juglans 
Juglans 
Juniperus 


K. 


Krigia 
Kuhnia 

Liriodendron 

Lamium 

Leonurus 

Limosella 

Lepidium 

Lobelia 

Lupinus 

Lathy  rus 

Lespedeza 

Le  onto  don     - 

Lactuca 

Lactuca 

Liatris 

Limodorum     ~ 

Listeria 


82 
83 
85 

103 
-       138 

196 

6 
14 

-  17 

22 

-  23 
26 
31 
65 

80,  77,  76,  75 

78 

92 

93 

127 

-  127 
128 

-  128 
-     137,  136 

-  194 
198 

108 
213 
177 
178,  179,  180 
199 

93 
96 


18 

32 

33 

42 

52 

60 

71 

72  and  addenda 

75  and  addenda 

88 

90 

91 

96 

141,  139 

139 


IXDEX    TO    THE    GENERA. 


22i 


Ijiquidambar  -         159 

Liquidambar        -  177 

Lycopodium  -        203 
Latbyrus  (addenda) 
Lespedeza  (do.) 

If. 

Mknandra            -  7 

Magnolia                   -  17 

Mentba                 -  -          30 

Marrubium                -  34 

Melissa                -  -         37 

Mimulus                    -  47 

Melampyrum  49 

Malva                         -  65 

.Medicago               -  -         75 

Mikania                     -  102 

Malaria                    -  -       142 

Moms                        -  162 

Myriophyllum      -  -       164 

Menispermum          -  199 
Menyanthes  (addenda) 
Mentba  (do.) 

N. 

Nuphar            -  10 

Nymphaea               -  11 

JVymphcea           -  -   27,  11 

A'elumbium              -  27 

Nelumbo             -  -         27 

Nepeta                    -  31 

Neottia               -  -       138 

Neottia                    -  139 

Nyssa                -  -       192 

JYephrodiwn             -  208 

O. 

Orehidocarpum        -  18 
Origanum          -         36,  35,  34 

Origanum                 -  36 

Orobancbe        49  and  addenda 

Orcbis                       -  136 
Ophrys              -    142, 141,  139 


Orchis 

Oplnoglossum 

Osmwida 

Osmunda 

Onoclea 

Portulaca 
Podophyllum 
Porcelia 
JP  op  id  ago 


P. 


139 
204 
205 
206 
209 

7 

9 

18 

22 


Polichia 

. 

-       32 

Pycnanthemum 

34 

Prunella 

. 

.       37 

Pbryma 

- 

40 

Pedicularis 

. 

46 

Penstemon 

. 

48 

Polygala 

- 

69 

Pbaseolus 

. 

81 

Prenanthes 

. 

S9 

Pogonia 

> 

140 

Parshia 

. 

-      165 

Plata  nus 

. 

176 

Pinus 

. 

-      182 

Populus 

- 

197 

Polypodium 

. 

-     207 

Polypoctium 

- 

208 

Pteris 

. 

-     211 

Plantago  (addenda) 

Polygonum 

Q. 

Quercus 

R. 

.      167 

Ranunculus 

. 

23 

Rhinanthus 

. 

45 

Rapuntium 

- 

60 

Robinia 

. 

84 

Rudbechia 

- 

127 

Rudbeckia  130  and  addenda 
Rubus  (addenda) 
S. 

Sanguinaria  8 

Sarrasinia  -                10 

Stachys  -             -          32 

Satureja  -                35 

Scutellaria  38  and  addenda 

Scrophularia  -                43 

Sisymbrium  -             -          55 

Sida  -                64 

Stylosanthes  -            -75 

Sonchus  -                 91 

Seratula  -         97,  96,  95 

Suprago  -                  96 

Solidago  -                      118 

Senecio  -               125 

Silphium  -             -        127 

Satyrium  -       139,  138 

Sparganium  -             -        149 

Sagittaria  -               165 

Saiix  -             -        188 

Smilax  -               194 


224 


INDEX  TO  THE  GENERA. 


Serpicula 

198 

¥. 

Scutellaria  (addenda) 

Urtica  , 

. 

160 

Schualbea  (do.) 

Urtica 

_ 

160 

Scleria-  (do.) 

Udora 

_ 

190 

T. 

Uniola  (addenda) 

Tilia 

6 

V. 

Thalictrum 

19 

Verbena 

m 

40 

Thalictrum     - 

20 

Vicia 

m 

72 

Teucrium 

30 

Vernonia 

-                        - 

96 

Thymus 

35 

Verbesina 

m 

132 

Trichostema 

39 

Vallisneria 

m 

188 

Thlaspi 

53 

Viola  (addenda) 

Turritis 
Trifolium 

57 

73 

Vitis  (addenda) 

Trifolium 

75 

Wanv&ra 

m 

22 

Tephrosia 

84 

Woodwardia 

m 

212 

Tragopogon 

94 

X^" 

Troximon 

94 

X. 

Tanacetum 

103 

Xanthium 

- 

134 

Typha 

148 

z. 

Triosteum  (addenda) 

Zizania 

-       163 

INDEX 


TO    THE 


ENGLISH  AND  VULGAR  NAMES. 


American  Columbine  -  12 
American  Poplar  -  18 
Anemone,  wild  -  20 
Anemone,  Virginian  -  20 
Anemone,  five-leaved  -  20 
Abortive-flowered  Crow- 
foot -  24 
Archangel,  stem-clasping  32 
Alehoof  -  -  33 
Arrow-rattle-box  -  71 
American  Vetch  -  72 
American  Locust  -  84 
Acasia,  false  -  84 
Aster,  yellow  -  108 
Aster,  heath-leaved  -  110 
Aster,  soft-leaved  -  110 
Aster,  willow-leaved  -  111 
Aster,  spurious  -  112 
Aster,  phlox-leaved  -  112 
Aster,  waved-stemmed  112 
Aster,  spreading  or  various 

leaved  -  -  113 
Aster,  panicled  -  113 
Aster,  heart-leaved  -  114 
Aster,  corvmbose -flower- 
ed -  -  114 
Aster,  dogwood-leaved  114 
Aster,  large-leaved  -  115 
Aster,  red-stalked  -  115 
Aster,  smooth  -  115 
Aster,  small,  or  small-flow- 
ered -  -  116 
Aster,  drooping  -  116 
Aster,  diverging  -  116 
Aster,  red-flowered  -  116 
Aster,  showy  -  -  117 
Aster,  many-flowered  117 
Aster,  fringe-leaved       -  117 


Alder,  common        -  159 

Alder,  candle       -  -     159 

Alder,  hazel  -  159 

Alder  tree  -  -    160 

Amaranth,  cluster-flower- 
ed -  -  162 
Amaranth,  green-flowrered  163 
Amaranth,  prickly  -  163 
Arrow-leaved  Arrow-head  165 
Arrow-head,  arrow-leaved  165 
Arrow-head,  obtuse-leav- 
ed -  -  165 
Arrow-head,  varying- 

leaved     -  -  166 

Arrow-head,  acute-leav- 
ed -  -  166 
Acute-leaved  Arrow- 
head -  -  166 
American  hazel-nut  -  173 
American  chesnut  -  174 
American  horn-beam  -  176 
American  Ipecacuanha  -  185 
American  Vallisneria  -  188 
Ash,  black  -  -  192 
Ash,  elder-leaved  -  192 
Ash,  water  -  -  192 
Ash,  white  -  192 
Ash,  red  -  -  192 
Ash  -  -  192 
Acnida,  smooth-fruited  193 
Acnida,  rough-fruited  193 
Aspen,  large  -  -  197 
Adder's  tongue,  common  204 

B. 
Bass-wood  -  -      6 

Blood-root  -  8 

Black-snake-root  -     13 

Black-spotted  St.  John's- 
wort  -  16 

20* 


226 


INDEX  TO  THE 


Beaver- wood 

18 

Butter-cup     - 

25 

Basil,  hoary 

34 

Basil,  flax-leaved 

35 

Basil,  lance -leaved 

£1    *- 

Basil,  common  wild 

36 

Bairn 

37 

Bastard  penny-royal 

39 

Bastard  penny-royal,  linear- 
leaved  -  -  40 
Bastard  vervain  -  41 
Beech-drops  -  -  50 
Buffaloe-clover  -  73 
Bull's  clover  -  -  74 
Blue-flowered  Sow-thistle  91 
Burdock  -  -  94 
Blue-blazing-  Star  -  96 
Balm-leaved  Hemp-weed  100 
Bone-set  -  -  102 
Blue-stemmed  Golden- 
rod  -  -  123 
Burr-marigold  -  131 
Burdock,  lesser  -  134 
Burr-reed  -  -  149 
Barren  Sedge  -  150 
Buxbaums'  Sedge  -  154 
Beaked  Sedge  -  156 
Burner's  Oak  -  -  168 
Bartram'sOak  -  168 
Barren  Oak  -  -  168 
Blackjack  -  -  168 
Black  Oak  -  169 
Bear  Oak  -  -  170 
Black  Scrub  Oak  -  170 
Banister's  Oak  -  -  170 
Barren  White  Oak  -  171 
Beech-tree  -  -  174 
Beech,  white  -  174 
Beech,  red  -  -  174 
Birch,  white  -  175 
Bircli,  old-field  -  -  175 
Birch,  black  -  175 
Black  Birch  -  -  175 
Birch,  paper  -  175 
Birch,  canoe  -  -  175 
Birch,  cherry  -  175 
Birch,  sweet  -  -  175 
Button-wood  -  176 
■Black  Walnut  -  -  177 
Butter-nut  -  -  178 
Bitter-nut  -  -  180 
Broom  Hickory        -  180 


Black  Spruce     -  -     185 

Black  or  pitch  Pine  -  183 
Black-ash  -  192 

Black  Gum     -  -        193 

Bulb-bearing  Spleen-wort  209 
Brake,  common  -         212 

C. 
Celandine     -  -        8 

Cohosh  9 

Columbine,  American  -  12 
Common  St.  John's-wort  -  14 
Custard  Apple  -  19 

Cowslip,  meadow  -      23 

Crow-foot,  abortive -flower- 
ed -  -  24 
Crow-foot,  scelery -leaved  24 
Crow-foot,  hispid  -  #  24 
Crow-foot,  creeping  -  25 
Creeping-crow-foot  -  25 
Crow-foot,  common  bulbous  25 
Crow-foot,  river  -  26 
Catmint  Hyssop  -  31 
Catmint  -  32 
Catnep  -  -  32 
Common  wild  Basil  -  36 
Common  Marjoram  -  37 
Creeper  Trumpet  -  43 
Common  Louse-wort  46 
Cow-wheat  -  -  49 
Cancer-root  -  50 
Creeping  Wrater-cress  55 
Clayton's  Lobelia  -  60 
Cardinal  plant  -  62 
Common  Crane's  bill  -  63 
Crane's  bill,  common  63 
Crane's  bill,  spotted  -  63 
Crane's  bill,  white-flowered  63 
Crane's  bill,  small-flowered  64 
Corydalis,  golden-flowered  68 
Clover,  bufi'aloe  -  73 
Clover,  white  73 
Clover,  red  73 
Clover,  bull's  -  -  74 
Creeping  Lespedeza  (L.  re- 
pens)  -  -  77 
Common  Thistle  -  95 
Cross-wort  -  -  102 
Climbing  Mikania  -  102 
Cacalia,  orach-leaved  -  103 
Coffin-plant  -  -  104 
Cudweed,  plantane-leaved  104 
Corymbose-flowered  Aster  114 


ENGLISH  AND  VULGAR  NAMES. 


22* 


Common  Groundsel     - 

Clover,  Richardson's 

Chamomile,  wild 

Chamomile,  stinking 

Clotweed 

Cockle-burr 

Cats'-tail 

Cooper's-reed 

Cats'-tail,  narrow-leaved 

Close-spiked  Sedge 

Chaffy  Sedge 

Cutting  Sedge 

Common  Alder     - 

Candle  Alder 

Common  Nettle  - 

Cluster-flowered  Ama- 
ranth 

Chesnut  White  Oak 

Chinquapin  Oak 

Chesnut,  American 

Canoe  Birch 

Cherry  Birch     - 

Cotton-tree 

Common  Hickory 

Carolinian  Three-seeded 
Mercury 

Corollated  Spurge     - 

Caper  Spurge     - 

Channel-weed 

Cone-bearing  Willbw     - 

Cedar,  red 

Club-moss,  flat      - 

Club-moss,  running  - 

Club-moss,  shining 

Common  Adder's-tongue 

Cinnamon  Fern 

Common  Polypody 

Common  Brake 

Canada  Thistle,  (addenda) 
D. 

Dioiccus  Meadow-rue 

Dead-nettle 

Dutchmans'  breeches 

Diverging  Lespedeza 

Dandelion         - 

Dr.  Witt's  snake-root 

Dead-mans'  flower     - 

Dogwood-leaved  Aster 

Drooping  Aster 

Diverging  Aster     - 

Dogs'-fennel 


125 

126 
127 
127 
134 
134 
149 
149 
149 
151 
154 
154 
159 
159 
161 

162 
171 
173 
174 
175 
175 
176 
179 

184 
186 
186 
188 
189 
200 
203 
204 
204 
204 
206 
207 
212 


21 

32 

68 

77 

88 

90 

104 

114 

116 

116 

127 


Dyer's  Oak 

Downy  red-oak     - 
Dwarf  red-oak 
Dwarf  chesnut-oak 
Dragon  Root 
Double  Spruce 
Duck-grass     - 


169 
170 

-  17'0 
173 
181 
183 

-  188 
Deciduous  roughBindweed  195 
Dicksonia,  hairy,  or  small 

fruited         -        -        -   213 
E. 
Egyptian  Bean         -         -     27 
Entire-leaved  Scull-cap         39 
Emetic  weed  61 

Eupatorium,  hyssop-leaved  98 
Eupatorium,  sessile-leaved  98 
Elecampane,  wild  -  108 
.Elecampane         -  -    109 

Elm-leaved  Golden-rod       120 


Elder-leaved  Ash 

192 

Ebony  Spleen-wort 
P. 

211 

Fragrant  Water-lily 

12 

Five-leaved  Anemone 

20 

Flax-leaved  Basil     - 

03 

Fig-wort         - 

43 

False  Acasia 

84 

Fire-weed     -         -        121 

,  90 

Flea-bane,  Philadelphia 

107 

Flea-bane,  various-leaved 

107 

Fringe-leaved  Aster 

117 

Fragrant  Golden-rod 

121 

Fescue-like  Sedge 

153 

Fern,  sweet 

159 

Fern-leaved  Gale     - 

159 

Filbert,  wild 

173 

Field  Horse-tail 

202 

Flat  Club-moss     - 

203 

Fern,  rattle-snake     - 

205 

Fern,  common 

206 

Fern,  flowering 

206 

Fern,  cinnamon     - 

206 

Flowering  Fern 

206 

Fern,  sensitive     - 

210 

G. 

Germander,  nettle-leaved 

30 

Great  Henbit 

32 

Ground  Ivy     - 

Gill 

no 

Gaping  Monkey-flower 

47 

Geranium,  wild 

63 

228 


INDEX    TO    THE 


Golden-flowered  Corydalis  68 
Goats'-rue         -  -         85 

Gall  of  the  Earth  -  -  91 
Glandulous  Hemp-weed  99 
Germander-leaved  Hemp- 
weed  -  -  100 
Golden-rod  Aster  -  109 
Golden-rod,  three-nerved  119 
Golden-rod,  large  -  119 
Golden-rod,  rough  -  119 
Golden-rod,  tallest  -  119 
Golden-rod,  scabrous-leav- 
ed -  -  120 
Golden-rod,  spreading- 

branched         -  -     120 

Golden-rod,  elm-leaved  120 
Golden-rod,  sharp-notched  120 
Golden-rod,  fragrant  121 

Golden-rod,  white -flower- 
ed -  -  121 
Golden-rod,  late-flowering  121 
Golden-rod,  spear-leaved  122 
Golden-rod,  slender-leav'dl22 
Golden-rod,  blue-stemmed  123 
Golden-rod,  wave-stemm'd  123 
Golden-rod,  wrinkled-leav- 
ed -  -  123 
Golden-rod,  stiff  -  124 
Golden-rod,  great  -  124 
Great  Golden-rod  -  -  124 
Groundsel,  common  -  125 
Groundsel  -  -  125 
Groundsel,  obovate-leaved  125 
Groundsel,  golden-flower- 
ed -  -  126 
Golden  thickseed  Sun-flow- 
er -  -  132 
Green  Sedge  -  -  154 
Gale,  fern-leaved  -  -  159 
Green-flowered  Amaranth  163 
Gum-tree,  sweet  -  177 
Gloucester-nut  -  -  178 
Green  Dragon  -  181 
G'jm-tree  -  -  193 
Gum,  sour  -  -  193 
Gum,  black  -  -  193 
Gum  -  -  -  193 
Green  Briar  -  -  195,  194 
Ground  Pine      -             -     203 

H. 
Herb  Christopher        -  9 


Hispid  crow-foot     -  -     24 

Hvssop,  catmint  -  31 

Henbit         -  -  32 

Henbit  Archangel  -  32 
Hedge-nettle         -  -33 

Horehound         -  -       34 

Hoary  Basil  -  -     34 

Hyssop-leaved  Scull-cap  39 
Hedge -mustard,  officinal  56 
Hibiscus,  marsh  -         65 

Hares' -foot  -  -     74 

Hop-trefoil,  large       -  74 

Hop-trefoil,  small  -      74 

Hop-trefoil,  least     -  -     75 

Hispid  Stjlosanthes     -  75 

Hedysarum,  different  spe- 
cies        -  -         79,  78 
Hawkweed,  veined-leaved    92 
Hyssop -leaved,  Eupatorium  98 
Hemp-weed,  glandular  99 
Hemp-weed,  spear-leaved    99 
Hemp-weed,  Germander- 
leaved          -                        99* 
Hemp-weed,  round-leaved    99 
Hemp-weed,  balm-leaved    100 
Hemp-weed,  three-leaved  100 
Hemp-weed,  hollow-stem- 
med        -             -             100 
Hemp-weed,  maculated       101 
Hemp-weed,  whorled-leav- 

ed  -  -  101 

Heath-leaved  Aster  -  110 
Heart-leaved  Aster  -  114 
Hawk-weed  -  125 

Hog-weed,  trifid-leaved  133 
Hog-weed,  wormwood- 
leaved  -  -  133 
Hog-weed,  tall  -  134 
Headed  Sedge  -  150 
Hares'-foot  Sedge  -  152 
Hairy-beaked  Sedge  155 
Hop-like  Sedge  -  156 
Hazel  Alder  -  -  159 
Hemp-nettle  -  161 
Hazel-nut,  American  173 
Horn-beam,  American  176 
Hickory  Nut  -  178 
Hickory,  thick  shell-bark  178 
Hickory,  shell-bark  179 
Hickory,  shagg-bark  •  179 
Hickory,  scaly  bark            179 


ENGLISH  AND  VULGAR  NAMES. 


229 


Hickory,  common  -  179 
Hickory,  mocker-nut  -  179 
Hickory,  white-heart  179 

Hickory,  white  -         180 

Hickory,  swamp         -  180 

Hickorv,  broom  -  -  180 
Hog  Nut  -  180 

Hemlock,  spruce  -  -  182 
Horn-beam,  swamp  -  193 
Hop  -  -  194 

Honey  Locust  -         197 

Horse-tail,  field     -  -    202 

Horse-tail,  wood  -  202 
Horse-tail,  rough  -  202 
Hairy  Dicksonia    "        -     213 

I. 
Indian  Paint  -  8 

Indian  Tobacco      -  61 

Indian  Mallow,  thorny  64 

Indian  Mallow,  round-leav- 
ed -  -  64 
Ivy -leaf,  white-flowered  89 
Indian  Sage  -  102 
Indian  Rice  -  -  164 
Iron  Oak  -  -  170 
Indian  Turnip  -  181 
Ipecacuanha,  American  185 
Ipecacuanha,  spurge  185 
Interrupted  Osmunda          206 

J. 
Jagged-leaved  Toothwort     53 
Jagged-leaved  Rudbeckia  130 
Juniper  Tree         -        -     200 

K. 
Kidney-bean,  perennial        81 

L. 
Lime  Tree         -  6 

Linden  Tree         -  -       6 

Lemon,  wild  -  9 

Liver-wort,  three-leaved  23 
Linear-leaved  bastard  Pen- 
ny-royal -  -  40 
Louse-wort,  pale-flowered  46 
Louse -wort,  common  -  46 
Lyre -leaved  Wall-cress  56 
Lobelia,  Clayton's  -  60 
Lupin,  perennial  -  -  71 
Large  Hop-trefoil  -  74 
Least  Hop-trefoil  -  75 
Lespedeza,  veined-leaved  76 
Lespedeza,  shrubby     -         76 


Lespedeza,  violet-flowered  76 
Lespedeza,  diverging  77 

Lespedeza,  trailing  -  77 
Lespedeza,  creeping-,  (L. 

repens)  -  -77 

Locust,  wild  -  84 

Locust,  American  -  84 
Lions'-foot  90 

Long-leaved  Wild  Lettuce  90 
Life-everlasting          -  104 

Large-leaved  Aster  -  115 
Large  Golden-rod  -  119 
Late-flowering  Golden-rod  121 
Lesser  Burdock  -  -  134 
Long-pointed  Sedge  -  156 
Large  Tupelo  -  -  193 
Locust,  sweet  -  -  197 
Locust,  honey  -  -  197 
Locust,  three-thorned  197 
Large  Aspen  -  -  197 
Large  Shield-fern  -  -  208 
Leaf-rooting  Spleen-wort   210 

M. 
May-apple  -  -        9 

Mandrake     -  -         -      9 

Many -stemmed  St.  Peter's- 

wort  -  -  13 

Meadow-rue,  dioicous  -  21 
Meadow-rue,  rough-leaved  21 
Meadow-rue,  polygamous  21 
Meadow-rue,  purple  -  22 
Marsh  Marigold  -  23 

Meadow-cowslip     -  23 

Mother- wort     -  -         33 

Mug-wort       -  -  33 

Marjoram,  common  -  37 
Mud-wort         -  -  42 

Monkey-flower,  gaping        47 
Monkey-flower,  wing-stem- 
med -  -  47 
Mouse-ear  Wall-cress  or 

Turkey-pod  -  -  56 
Mallow,  round-leaved  -  65 
Marsh  Hibiscus  -  -  65 
Milk-wort,  yellow-flowered  69 
Myrtle-leaved  Pea-vine  72 
Maculated  or  spotted  Hemp- 
weed  -  -  101 
Mav-weed  -  -  127 
Milfoil  -  -  12/ 
Marigold,  burr             -        1j1 


ISO 


INDEX    TO    THE 


Many-flowered  Aster 

Many-flowered  Sedge 

Marginated  Sedge 

Millet  Sedge 

Mulberry,  red 

Mountain  Mahogany 

Mahogany,  mountain 

Mocker-nut,  hickory 

Mercury,  Virginian,  three 
seeded 

Mercury,  Carolinian,  three- 
seeded 

Mole-plant 

Moon-seed 

Marginal  Shield-fern 

Maiden-hair 

Mow-haii'       - 

N. 

Nettle-leaved  Germander 

Nep 

Nettle-leaved  Vervain 

Narrow-leaved  Cats' -tail 

Nettle,  pellucid 

Nettle,  common    - 

Nettle,  hemp 

New  Jersey  Pine  - 

New  York  Shield-fern 
O. 

Officinal  Hedge-mustard 

Orach-leaved  Cacalia 

Obovate-leaved  Groundsel 

Ox-eye  Daisey 

Ox-eye,  smooth  - 

Orchis,  yellow-fringed 

Orchis,  white-fringed 

Obtuse -leaved  arrow-head 

Oak,  willow 

Oak,  Bartram's 

Oak,  Burner's     - 

Oak,  various -leaved 

Oak,  water 

Oak,  barren 

Oak,  black 

Oak,  dyer's 

Oak,  red        -  170, 

Oak,  two-coloured 

Oak,  scarlet 

Oak,  Spanish     - 

Oak,  downy-red 

Oak,  pin 

Oak,  swamp  Spanish 


117 
151 
155 
158 
162 
175 
175 
179 

184 

184 
186 
199 
208 
213 
213 

30 
32 
41 
149 
160 
161 
161 
183 
209 

56 
103 
125 
126 
128 
136 
136 
165 
167 
168 
168 
168 
168 
168 
169 
169 
169 
169 
169 
170 
170 
170 
170 


Oak,  bear 

170 

Oak,  black  scrub    - 

170 

Oak,  dwarf  red 

170 

Oak,  Banister's 

170 

Oak,  upland  white 

171 

Oak,  iron 

171 

Oak,  barren  white 

171 

Oak,  post 

171 

Oak,  white 

171 

Oak,  chesnut  white     - 

171 

Oak,  swamp  chesnut 

171 

Oak,  swamp  white 

172 

Oak,  rock  chesnut 

172 

Oak,  yellow 

172 

Oak,  chinquapin 

173 

Oak,  dwarf  chesnut 

173 

Old-field  Birch 

175 

Oil  Nut 

178 

Osmunda,  royal 

206 

Osmunda,  tall 

206 

Osmunda,  interrupted 

206 

One-flowered  Orobanche, 

(addenda) 

Orobanche,  one-flowered 

P. 
Purslane 

218 

8 

Puccoon 

8 

Pap  aw 

19 

Polygamous  Meadow-rue 

21 

Purple  Meadow-rue 

22 

Penny-royal,  bastard 

39 

Penny -royal,  bastard  linear- 

leaved 

40 

Purple  Toad  Flax 

44 

Pale-flowered  Louse-wort 

46 

Painted  Cup 

49 

Pepper-grass,  wild 

52 

Pepper-wort,  wild 

52 

Perennial  Lupin 

71 

Pea-vine,  myrtle-leaved 

72 

Perennial  Kidney-bean 

81 

Potatoe-vine,  wild 

82 

Poor  Robert's  Plantane  106, 92 

Plantane-leaved  Cudweed  106 

Philadelphia  Flea-bane 

107 

Plowman's  Wort 

110 

Phlox-leaved  Aster     - 

112 

Panicled  Aster 

113 

Panicled  Sedge 

152 

Plantane  Sedge 

U7 

Pellucid  Nettle      .     - 

160 

ENGLISH  AND  VLLGAR  NAMES*. 


231 


Prickly  Amaranth 

163 

Pin  Oak 

170 

Post  Oak 

171 

Paper  Birch    - 

175 

Plane-tree 

176 

Purging*  Hickory-nut 

178 

Pig-nut 

180 

Pedate -leaved  Wake  Robin  181 

Pine,  New  Jersey  183 

Pine,  scrub               -  183 

Pine,  pitch     -             -  183 

Pine,  yellow            -  183 

Pine,  black,  or  pitch  183 

Pitch  Pine         -          -  183 

Peperidge     -  193 

Poplar             -             -  197 

Persimon-tree             -  198 

Polypody,  common  207 

Polypody,  Virginia  207 
Pennsylvania  Water-cress, 
(addenda) 

Q. 

Quercitron         -  -     169 

R. 
Rock-rose  7 

Rich-weed  -  13 

River  crow-foot  -         26 

Rough  Wound-wort  -  33 
Ransted-weed  -  ■  -  44 
Round-leaved  Indian  Mal- 
low 64 
Round-leaved  Mallow  -  65 
Rattle-box,  arrow  -  71 
Red  Clover  -  -  73 
Round-leaved  Hemp-weed  100 
Red-stalked  Aster  -  116 
Red-flowered  Aster  -  116 
Rough  Golden-rod  -  119 
Richardson's  Clover  -  126 
Rough-leaved  Sun-flower  129 
Rudbeckia,  jagged-leaved  130 
Reed-mace  -  -  149 
Rose  Sedge  -  152 
Round-spiked  Sedge  -  157 
Rich-weed  -  -  160 
Red  Mulberry  -  162 
Rice,  Tuscarora  -  -  164 
Rice,  wild  -  .  164 
Rice,  Indian  -  -  164 
Red  Oak  -  -  170,  169 
RedChesnutOak        -        172 


Red  Beech  -  174 
Red-rooted  Willow  -  190 
Red  Ash  -  192 
Rough-fruited  Acnida  194 
Round-leaved  Smilax  -  194 
Rough  Bind-weed,  stink- 
ing -  -  195 
Red  Cedar  -  200 
Rough  Horse-tail  -  202 
Running  Club-moss  -  204 
Rattlesnake  Fern  -  205 
Royal  Osmunda             -  206 

S. 

Spoon -w  ood             -  6 

Side-saddle  Flower         -  10 

Splatter-dock           -  10 

Small  water  Lily             -  11 
St.  Peter's-wort,  many 

stemmed  -  -  13 
St.  John's-wort,  common  14 
St.  John's-wort,  slender  16 
St.  John's-wort,  black-soot- 
ted  -  -  16 
Swamp  Magnolia  -  18 
Swamp  Sassafras  -  -  18 
Sweet  Bay  -  -  18 
Swamp  Laurel  -  18 
Small  Magnolia  -  18 
Scelery -leaved  Crow-foot  24 
Sacred-bean  of  India  -  27 
Stem-clasping  Archangel  32 
Self-heal  -  -  37 
Scull-cap,  common  38 
Scull-cap,  slender  -  38 
Scull-cap,  side-flowering  38 
Slender  Scull-cap  -  38 
Side-flowering  Scull-cap  38 
Scull-cap,  entire-leaved  39 
Scull-cap,  hyssop-leaved  -  39 
Snap-dragon,  wdd  -  44 
Snake-head  -  48 
Shad-blossom  -  52 
Shepherd's  Purse  -  53 
Sickle-leaved  Wall-cress  57 
Smooth  Tower-mustard  57 
Spotted  Crane's-bill  -  63 
Small-flowered  Crane's-bill  64 
Small  Hop-trefoil  -  74 
Stylosanthes,  hispid  -  75 
Shrubby  Lespedeza  -  76 
Succory,  wild            -  88 


232 


INDEX  TO  THE 


Snake-root,  Dr.  Witt's  90 

Sow-thistle,  blue-flowered    91 
Sow-thistle,  yellow-flower- 
ed or  common         -  91 
Stem-clasping  Swine's-suc- 

cory  -  -  94 

Swine's-succory,  stem-clasp- 
ing- 94 
Sessile-leaved  Eupatorium  98 
Spear-leaved  Hemp-weed  100 
Scabious  -  -  107 
Scabious,  sweet  -  107 
Sweet  Scabious  -  107 
Star-wort,  white-topped  109 
Star-wort,  savoury -leaved  110 
Savoury -leaved  Star-wort  110 
Soft-leaved  Aster 
Star-wort,  umbelled-flow- 
ered  -  -  - 
Spurious  Aster 
Spreading  Aster 
Smooth  Aster  - 
Small  or  small-flowered 

Aster 
Showy  Aster 
Scabrous-leaved  Golden- 
rod 
Spreading-branched  Gold 

en-rod 
Sharp-notched  Golden- 
rod 
Spear-leaved  Golden-rod 
Slender-leaved  Golden- 
rod 
Stiff  Golden-rod 
Stinking  Camomile 
Smooth  Ox-eye 
Sneeze-weed     - 
Soft-leaved  Sun-flower 
Sun-flower,  soft -leaved 
Sun-flower,   throat-wort- 
leaved 

Sun-flower,  small-flowered  129 
Sun-flower,  ten-petalled     129 
Spanish-needles 
Sun-flower,  golden  thick 

seed 
Sedge,  barren 
Sedge,  headed 
Sedge,  close-spiked 
Sedge,  many-flowered 


110 

111 

112 
113 
115 

116 
117 

120 

120 

120 
122 

122 
124 
127 
128 
128 
129 
129 

129 


132 

132 
150 
150 
151 
151 


Sedge,  panicled 
Sedge,  hare's-foot 
Sedge,  rose 
Straw-coloured  Sedge 
Sedge,  fescue -like     - 
Sedge,  straw-coloured 
Sedge,  turfy 
Sedge,  chaffy 
Sedge,  cutting 
Sedge,  green 
Sedge,  Buxbaums'     - 
Sedge,  variable 
Sedge,  marginated 
Sedge,  hairy-beaked    - 
Sedge,  long-pointed 
Sedge,  beaked 
Sedge,  hop-like 
Sedge,  round-spiked 
Sedge,  yellow 
Sedge,  plantane 
Sedge,  tworedged    - 
Sedge,  zigzag-spiked    - 
Sedge,  millet 
Sedge,  strand     - 
Strand  Sedge 
Sweet  Fern 
Scarlet  Oak 
Spanish  Oak 
Swamp  Spanish  Oak 
Swamp  Chesnut  Oak     - 
Swamp  White  Oak  - 
Sweet  Birch 
Sycamore  tree 
Sweet  Gum-tree 
Springfield  Nut     - 
Shell-bark  Hickory 
Shagg-bark  Hickory 
Scaly-bark  Hickory 
Swamp  Hickory 
Spruce,  hemlock 
Spruce,  black 
Spruce,  double 
Scrub  Pine 

St.  John's- wort  Spurge 
Spotted  Spurge 
Spurge,  St.  John's-wort- 

leaved 
Spurge,  spotted 
Spurge,  corollated 
Spurge,  caper 
Stiff-leaved  Willow 


152 
152 
152 
152 
153 
153 
153 
154 
154 
154 
154 
154 
154 
154 
156 
156 
156 
157 
157 
157 
157 
158 
158 
158 
158 
159 
169 
170 
170 
171 
172 
175 
176 
177 
178 
179 
179 
179 
180 
182 
183 
183 
183 
185 
185 

185 
185 
186 
186 
190 


ENGLISH  AND  VULGAR  NAMES. 


& 


Swamp  Horn-beam  193 

Smooth-fruited  Acnida  193 
Smilax,  round-leaved  -  194 
Stinking  Rough  Bind- 
weed -  -  195 
Smooth-leaved  Yam-root  196 
Sweet  Locust  -  197 
Scouring  Rush  -  202 
Scour-grass  -  202 
Shining  Club-moss  -  204 
Shield  fern,  terminal  208 
Shield  fern,  marginal  -  208 
Shield  fern,  large  -  20S 
Shield  fern,  New  York  209 
Shield  fern,  dark,  or  spleen- 
wort  -  -  209 
Spleen-wort,  bulb-bearing  209 
Sensitive  fern  -  210 
Spleen-wort,  leaf-rooting  210 
Spleen-wort,  ebony  -  211 
Small-fruited  Dicksonia      213 

T. 
Turmeric  -  8 

Tulip  Tree     -  -  18 

Traveller's  Joy  -     19 

Three-lobed  Liver-wort        23 
Tall  Hyssop  -  -     31 

Thyme,  Virginian       -  35 

Tall  Vervain         -  -     41 

Trumpet  Creeper      -  43 

Toad-flax  -  -     44 

Toad-flax,  purple        -  44 

Tooth-wort,  jagged-leaved  53 
Turkey-pod,  mouse-ear  57 
Turkey-pod,  bulbous-root- 
ed -  57 
Tower-mustard,  smooth  57 
Thorny  Indian  Mallow  64 
Trailing  Lespedeza  -  77 
Thistle,  common  95 
Thistle,  yellow,  -  95 
Three-leaved  Hemp-weed  100 
Thorough-wort  -  102 
Tansey  .  -  103 
Three-nerved  Golden-rod  119 
Tallest  Golden-rod  119 
Throat-wort-leaved  Sun- 
flower -  -  129 
Ten-petalled  Sun-flower  129 
Trifid-leaved  Hog-weed  133 
Tali  Hog-weed  *  -  134 
VOL.  II. 


Turfy  Sedge               -  153 

Two-edged  Sedge  157 

Tuscarora  Rice     -  164 

Two-coloured  Oak  169 

Thick  Shell-bark  Hickory  178 

Turnip,  Indian           -  181 

Tape  Grass         -             -  188 

Tupelo,  large             -  193 

Three-thorned  Locust  197 

Tall  Osmunda     -             -  208 

Terminal  Shield-fern  208 
Thistle,  Canada  (addenda) 

U. 
Umbelled-flowered  Star- 
wort             -             -  111 
Upland  White  Oak  171 

V. 
Virgin's  Bower  -  19 
Virginian  Anemone  20 
Virginian  Thyme  -  35 
Vervain,  bastard  -  41 
Vervain,  tall  -  41 
Vervain,  nettle-leaved  41 
Vetch,  American  -  72 
Veined-leaved  Lespedeza  76 
Violet-flowered  Lespedeza  76 
Veined-leaved  Hawk-weed  92 
Vervain-leaved  Hemp- 
weed  -  -  101 
Various-leaved  Flea-bane  107 
Various-leaved  Aster  113 
Variable  Sedge  -  155 
Varying-leaved  Arrow- 
head -  -,  166 
Various-leaved  Oak  *  168 
Virginian  Three-seeded 

Mercury         -             -  184 

Vallisneria,  American  188 

Villous-leaved  Yam-root  196 

Virginian  Polypody  207 

W. 
Wild  Lemon  -  9 
Water  Lily,  small  -  11 
Water  Lily,  fragrant  12 
White  Poplar  -  18 
Wild.  Anemone  -  20 
Water-shield  -  26 
Wound-wort,  rough  33 
Wild  Snap-dragon  -  44 
Wing-stemmed  Monkey- 
flower  -  *-  47 
21 


234 


INDEX,  &C. 


AVhiflow-grass  .  52 
AVild  Pepper-grass  52 
Water-cress  .  54 
Water  Radish  .  .  55 
Water-cress,  creeping  55 
Wall-cress,  mouse-ear  •  56 
Wall-cress,  lyre-leaved  56 
Wall-cress,  sickle-leaved  57 
Wall-cress,  bulbous-rooted  57 
Wild  Tobacco  .  61 
Wild  Geranium  .  .  63 
White-flowered  Crane's- 
bill  .  .  63 
White  Clover  .  73 
Wild  Potatoe-vine  .  82 
Wild  Locust-tree  84 
Wild  Succory  .  88 
White-flowered  Wild 

Lettuce,  or  Ivy-leaf  89 
AVild  Lettuce,  white-flow- 
ered .  .  89 
Wild  Lettuce,  long-leaved  90 
Whorled-leaved  Hemp- 
weed  .  .  101 
Wild  Elecampane  .  108 
White-topped  Star-wort  309 
Willow-leaved  Aster  HI 
Wave-stemmed  Aster  112 
White  Weed  .  126 
Wild  Chamomile  .  127 
Wormwood-leaved  Hog- 
weed  .  .  133 
White-fringed  Orchis  136 
White-flowered  Goiden- 

rod  .  .  121 
Wave-stemmed  Golden- 
rod  .  .  123 
Wrinkled-leaved  Golden- 
rod  .  .  123 
Wild  Rice  .  .  164 
Willow  Oak             .  167 


Water  Oak       .  168 

White  Oak  171 

Wild  Filbert     .             .  173 

White  Beech           .  174 
White  Birch     .             .175 

Water  Beech           .  176 

Walnut,  black                .  177 

White  Walnut         .  178 

White^heart  Hickory  179 

White  Hickory       .  180 
Wake-robin,  pedate-leaved  181 

Willow        .             .  189 

Willow,  cone-bearing  189 

Willow,  red-rooted  190 

Willow,  stiff-leaved  190 

Willow,  white            '.  191 

White  Willow       .  191 

Willow,  yellow            .  191 

Water  Ash            .  192 

White  Ash                  .  192 

AVood  Horse-tail  202 
AVater-cress,  Pennsylvania  219 

Y. 

Yellow  Poplar  .  18 

Yellow  Root      .  .         22 

A'ellow-flowered  Milk-wort  69 
Yellow-flowered  Sow-this- 

91 
95 
108 
127 
136 
157 
172 
183 
191 
196 
196 


tie 
Yellow  Thistle 
Yellow  Aster     . 
Yarrow 

Yel lev/ -fringed  Orchis 
Yellow  Sedge 
Yellow  Oak      . 
ATellow  Pine 
Yellow  AVillow 
Yam-root,  smooth-leaved 
Yam-root,  villous-leaved 

Z. 

Zizzag-spiked  Sedge  158 


THE  END. 


X- 


